Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 41 of 41 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.17959.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.17959 v1

Coverage vector

measured 41 of 41 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.109541Z

measured 41 of 41 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

41 of 41 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy6
unresolved34
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6b744b9d-291d-4ac0-b90b-7d0a516dc0db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.867099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c8c251a6-4342-401d-911f-c9e11e40fef1 · outbound

This paper cites On the novel geometric and negative binomial INAR(1) processes.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models On the novel geometric and negative binomial INAR(1) processes

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.461167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 96a3b1c8-1230-48b6-83b4-02907a56c1ca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.849937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ce8e9096-2cd8-49a3-9d11-1dad345ba4cc · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.912677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1ad6bae1-661f-45f1-87c3-e429bdc7a631 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.918629Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de84c576-0418-438b-a2c2-fc45214365e2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.832729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f8c7e5fb-8b0b-4f06-a4cd-16695b90b154 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.815894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 67efbec8-89bd-47e5-af19-5e9962a7c65d · outbound

This paper cites B.; Loreggia, A.; Mattei, N.; Murugesan, K.; Pallagani, V.; Rossi, F.; Srivastava, B.; and Venable, K.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models B.; Loreggia, A.; Mattei, N.; Murugesan, K.; Pallagani, V.; Rossi, F.; Srivastava, B.; and Venable, K

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.801532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7fc6e7cc-fcc8-4bbe-be97-50a41205ca06 · outbound

This paper cites B.; Horesh, L.; Loreggia, A.; Murugesan, K.; Rossi, F.; and Srivastava, B.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models B.; Horesh, L.; Loreggia, A.; Murugesan, K.; Rossi, F.; and Srivastava, B

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.785988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 61953e07-f63b-4afe-94c2-b0c7fc984a30 · outbound

This paper cites B.; Campbell, M.; Fabiano, F.; Horesh, L.; Lenchner, J.; Loreggia, A.; Mattei, N.; Rossi, F.; Srivastava, B.; and Venable, K.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models B.; Campbell, M.; Fabiano, F.; Horesh, L.; Lenchner, J.; Loreggia, A.; Mattei, N.; Rossi, F.; Srivastava, B.; and Venable, K

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.768030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f6c7635c-2734-4594-a7ee-932aa4c8deb3 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.951449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea2092bc-00b8-4514-bca8-43e3a38c07af · outbound

This paper cites PiVe: Prompting with Iterative Verification Improving Graph-based Generative Capability of LLMs.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models PiVe: Prompting with Iterative Verification Improving Graph-based Generative Capability of LLMs

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.956901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3757e65e-70ee-421a-a4ca-5107d4d42aad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.750219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d9109623-e6cc-442f-bb60-e5954737a441 · outbound

This paper cites FollowBench: A Multi-level Fine-grained Constraints Following Benchmark for Large Language Models.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models FollowBench: A Multi-level Fine-grained Constraints Following Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.967232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af9874de-174a-43a4-9164-de2eb4855d1c · outbound

This paper cites S.; and Trick, M.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models S.; and Trick, M

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.733060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f144e2ed-3bd9-4d50-b7d8-1e6fe3e4fde6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.716218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d3386af9-9a3d-49b0-badd-dff3c8e494e8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.700046Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 001195ef-9a74-4e48-8ace-f3d0e0c74d93 · outbound

This paper cites S.; Reid, M.; Matsuo, Y.; and Iwasawa, Y.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models S.; Reid, M.; Matsuo, Y.; and Iwasawa, Y

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.988687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d4765bb-fdb6-44ef-81ac-c03f47e1f765 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debate.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debate

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:43.994358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 072784b7-9b5f-4102-8ccc-793584f1100b · outbound

This paper cites Let's Verify Step by Step.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Let's Verify Step by Step

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.000150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66c11d19-2c3a-41ff-8798-3e5566052955 · outbound

This paper cites Y.; Fu, Y.; Yang, K.; Brahman, F.; Huang, S.; Bhagavatula, C.; Ammanabrolu, P.; Choi, Y.; and Ren, X.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Y.; Fu, Y.; Yang, K.; Brahman, F.; Huang, S.; Bhagavatula, C.; Ammanabrolu, P.; Choi, Y.; and Ren, X

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.670348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d85b2200-ae9a-4670-928c-5124c3db4520 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.010596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6ed3c9e-21e2-48ba-bbfd-5c8772573e95 · outbound

This paper cites S.; Gala, A.; Magalh \ a es, R.; Perez de Britto, F.; Dur \ a es, D.; and Novais, P.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models S.; Gala, A.; Magalh \ a es, R.; Perez de Britto, F.; Dur \ a es, D.; and Novais, P

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.650672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 206562eb-d498-48f7-8339-19556de53f3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.632323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 2ed7edd2-ec47-4ca9-a220-07330dc40ee2 · outbound

This paper cites Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Models.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.024383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 489dc98a-e9a6-4367-8488-ce91ebef65b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.616225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation fd2447f1-ce61-459f-9df1-17f0b9000dc4 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07a747b6-ef1f-47df-954c-57f9e7ea8c02 · outbound

This paper cites Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.040662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1050db6f-7125-4f5d-a8d7-3d3e2d44aef9 · outbound

This paper cites Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.046070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 981b1d32-c9a0-42eb-a89b-e9ade9b85dad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.594288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 1203d772-85ed-4176-99cc-b6e8161da567 · outbound

This paper cites Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.056512Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a98cd6a9-6c69-48a4-88bb-81821afc1775 · outbound

This paper cites On the Self-Verification Limitations of Large Language Models on Reasoning and Planning Tasks.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models On the Self-Verification Limitations of Large Language Models on Reasoning and Planning Tasks

Reference 32

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 68ef6aec-0bae-40c4-830c-87f9e19398cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.574103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 035ae474-ca36-4ed7-b1ab-09c4c794f576 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.556052Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 490b2c28-b50c-4a11-9b74-8a048699b3c2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.538217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d8e56ffa-a5dc-473c-906e-a507dcf0cc5e · outbound

This paper cites Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.083150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1c01dff-3609-4324-be1d-1080d13b906f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.520689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d8485295-1c94-48c2-94bf-7ef66d346a47 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.502634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation cf675938-d263-4982-a6a3-43cd71e54700 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.

Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models Qwen3 Technical Report

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.098650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4b13b32c-b0fa-4b65-b534-287fb01f93c7 · outbound

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Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:03:44.103966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 541762c3-c25c-4ebf-91fc-0b26157c889d · outbound

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Language Models Coupled with Metacognition Can Outperform Reasoning Models write newline

Reference 41

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

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