Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2508.21446.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.21446 v7

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:01.381963Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T15:40:16.058264Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T15:40:16.130010Z

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy6
unresolved22
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4e6589ef-a943-4ffb-ae79-b983790b8541 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:06.330309Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e0f8b013-0665-47f3-9f27-9a0dffd2b154 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:06.174927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 52442e8b-e6a0-4cfc-9f56-c526245910e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:05.982020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8e0c68a4-1893-451e-8e5e-ed2157e92fa3 · outbound

This paper cites and Tirole, J.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and Tirole, J

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:05.767307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7adb71fd-ec01-4ed0-8a7e-d3a52d05cdf9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:29:58.739626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4dac6e25-3780-46f3-96e1-a7a22b2b49b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:29:58.891658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 105d33bd-a5eb-44ed-80b3-8297821eb4af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:29:59.037646Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f9d1a9e-7584-43ec-9085-d06df143c017 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:05.467933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1baecc99-7cb5-47ef-855a-2cacec8d67cf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:05.304545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5116449e-de5d-414d-a651-1317be00973a · outbound

This paper cites and Gale, D.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and Gale, D

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:05.159999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 627880ec-86e5-400e-bd62-e687af7b8350 · outbound

This paper cites and He, K.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and He, K

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:05.006179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation b951b447-2602-4629-bd3c-ad6a4f3a6a3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:04.810625Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 07a84ca8-0fa2-4121-86c2-d950e64d0161 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:04.570918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation b6b58ffc-31db-4f21-a43b-13bec21007db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:04.388846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 679ba0ff-89b9-408f-ac6f-968381813b44 · outbound

This paper cites Hipsters and the Cool: A Game Theoretic Analysis of Social Identity, Trends and Fads.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Hipsters and the Cool: A Game Theoretic Analysis of Social Identity, Trends and Fads

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:02.003936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation d323b52f-ec9a-48f3-91b4-d3bb39573855 · outbound

This paper cites and Van Weelden, R.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and Van Weelden, R

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:04.170715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f9dfbe7d-42dc-473e-8cb8-2b61955cec61 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:04.006804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2a2b6474-0234-41a5-bc58-d58eb8041f8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:03.822117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5328638b-68dd-4934-b72c-befc823d26ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:03.632769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c99debba-9349-4800-8f7d-b94b631ad4ab · outbound

This paper cites and Azova, A.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and Azova, A

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:03.417939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3ed2d040-ab36-4526-8760-30e35d51c3a9 · outbound

This paper cites Two Motives for Verification in Information Cascades.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Two Motives for Verification in Information Cascades

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:00.527288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12c76270-7aca-454a-8fc4-ab6037e56781 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:03.172932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation aba9d917-f048-40e2-977f-18033a896b5a · outbound

This paper cites Endogenous Vindication: Reputation and Effort in Expert Advice.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Endogenous Vindication: Reputation and Effort in Expert Advice

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:00.726164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40fcd3f6-5c38-4c4f-b1e5-28904a45b665 · outbound

This paper cites Paying for Failure in Expert Advice.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Paying for Failure in Expert Advice

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:00.821850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 883cb80b-a71a-4091-8aa0-069035d20ee1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:02.873516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5c052a29-ba50-4a64-a4b7-2750edd20608 · outbound

This paper cites and S rensen, P.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and S rensen, P

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:00.970212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7401d3a5-4dc8-410f-9590-73319a59c84c · outbound

This paper cites and S rensen, P.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning and S rensen, P

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:02.665601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 75b337f1-4dd9-46a3-a9cf-7c1571c42faf · outbound

This paper cites The hipster effect: When anticonformists all look the same.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning The hipster effect: When anticonformists all look the same

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:01.642576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1db38151-b338-44f9-9182-f65b1956abb0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:02.403482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e82e45a4-b5ee-46d9-be2a-dbc84e8e6e6d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:30:02.218605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 3aa3c8e3-c456-4851-8d58-d281bacdeb25 · inbound

Paying for Failure in Expert Advice cites this paper.

Paying for Failure in Expert Advice Contrarian Incentives and Costly Social Learning

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T15:40:16.137419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.