Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:25.207960Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract)
As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.21698.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
45 of 45 outbound references displayed
- verified exact2
- verified fuzzy6
- unresolved35
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier1
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation f96669a7-4f3e-44b4-a60b-5a34eab727e1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:35.247799Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a831860e-38bd-4222-b41d-8ddc06fc4249 · outbound
This paper cites Bruce Croft.
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:35.072096Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4e549d12-f5d9-4135-9964-75f893102835 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:34.917494Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 63121af1-1a94-4a8a-beb3-d75139399cf9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:34.730417Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 347897ea-846d-42d3-a1a6-5f1215990f02 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:34.593195Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b75b9ef0-29b8-42c4-afe1-8b35202ee85a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:34.414866Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 81b1c268-3ca8-428f-b78e-be4fbd2087f6 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:34.261466Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8ee5288c-16df-4fe2-84eb-44bd46ea94fb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:34.137329Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e8db9d7c-cb03-4515-8bc1-9612cf8659ac · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:33.920664Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 93c72b00-c4fe-4222-bb77-92aaec5e39c1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:33.710984Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b51e8013-7206-4d16-a76b-f2de79778ac6 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:33.521434Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 21ec5a39-5ad0-4823-8902-a4d080bda89d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:25.596784Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7c87fa20-c975-4995-a8a2-6049c4810da1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:33.309483Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8ef1989e-eb95-4d1a-9dc3-63c41c52b977 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:33.000704Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 79a4b3d8-4357-430d-98d2-0535257fb570 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:32.740508Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation dae9670b-7b11-4eee-8acd-9396b369ca24 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:32.348110Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8ecf4704-4de1-4cb1-9f13-a65a667c46d0 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:32.065316Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 879334e6-8bfe-49dd-bb90-667ab97b6ed1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:31.879345Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c803760f-6b43-4c28-a46f-c12997d5adfc · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:31.582015Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bd276ad1-d251-415d-be6c-30cc6425f00e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:31.306733Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0a3aeaea-3da2-407f-9d41-6841d0f151e0 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:31.075328Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a2ee68bb-a8e4-4950-80d3-f1774380f8a5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:30.796378Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1ad316f6-489b-4f2a-89a7-5328c3fe59bd · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:30.534835Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5e21eebe-586a-45ee-aea1-5bf33a7da319 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:30.332874Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 245ee324-7ece-44c3-9ca3-9c7ecc761a96 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:30.084857Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 447ec34f-cd13-445f-a8d7-d88956009031 · outbound
This paper cites Personalized Transformer-based Ranking for e-Commerce at Yandex.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Personalized Transformer-based Ranking for e-Commerce at Yandex
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:26.325463Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 68d8c1a6-502f-48a0-9db9-5c50d74e13d4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:29.856913Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 25fa76fa-4107-404f-a863-204663f37191 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:29.616072Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b490575e-26a5-4589-80a2-3a25076f6fb2 · outbound
This paper cites Muthukrishnan, Vishwa Vinay, and Zheng Wen.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Muthukrishnan, Vishwa Vinay, and Zheng Wen
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:29.397878Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5bf61e93-6387-4fd2-a30f-584aceab7683 · outbound
This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:23.359854Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b64b0a3d-3db5-4f1d-b1dc-22bfa9b5f392 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:29.137793Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 354e92a1-14c1-484c-8b87-350208574538 · outbound
This paper cites Maddison, Andriy Mnih, and Yee Whye Teh.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Maddison, Andriy Mnih, and Yee Whye Teh
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:28.965776Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c91b3821-5885-4117-8a79-0885a773032f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:28.716446Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation be698ef5-8946-4c7b-935f-d949004dd9b5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:28.508202Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a304904d-f445-4f73-bd35-7eb0609056b2 · outbound
This paper cites Introducing LETOR 4.0 Datasets.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Introducing LETOR 4.0 Datasets
Reference 35
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:23.993224Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 06ed6bac-21d7-46f4-9b22-3741af2d7e66 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:28.208803Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1fad77b2-965c-4e07-916b-f2068af819d4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:27.933741Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8a7926e1-6300-4bec-a6d0-2b80bea061d5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:24.318844Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bdaae52b-fa0a-4023-b4e5-db6d479f5870 · outbound
This paper cites 1989.Learning from Delayed Rewards.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) 1989.Learning from Delayed Rewards
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:27.429850Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8949e14a-10e2-493a-8dbc-c83bc66b070f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:25.988510Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5e83f4b2-92cd-4236-baef-51c5d10a6f0d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:27.160569Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation cbbda951-94be-4217-b9d3-079d73136e03 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:26.912561Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5e13bd2a-7713-4948-842c-6ed17b3e7ebb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) Unresolved cited work
Reference 43
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:26.650677Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 93ac4ea2-7efb-42e8-99d9-841937617096 · outbound
This paper cites In International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM).
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) In International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM)
Reference 2020
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:27.695706Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 808a815d-aa59-4527-aa55-5c5ead46ec9e · outbound
This paper cites In Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR).
Unidentified and Confounded? Understanding Two-Tower Models for Unbiased Learning to Rank (Extended Abstract) In Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)
Reference 2023
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T14:09:32.601681Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.