Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:35.442301Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.00429.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
49 of 49 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy44
- unresolved5
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 1171e9dc-c889-4dac-9bab-d10a469fd693 · outbound
This paper cites S., Shao, J., Liu, J., Du, Y., Yi, Y.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials S., Shao, J., Liu, J., Du, Y., Yi, Y
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:44.822735Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a8f9a863-fc1d-4f25-a45b-8271c21782df · outbound
This paper cites (1993) Efficient and Adaptive Estimation for Semiparametric Models.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1993) Efficient and Adaptive Estimation for Semiparametric Models
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:44.615382Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 25abe948-4ca3-4daa-b62e-a76d461fcddc · outbound
This paper cites and et al.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and et al
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:44.453555Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 0efd14b2-3bb4-43a9-bdf4-e1d5afa71dc3 · outbound
This paper cites and Carroll, R.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Carroll, R
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:44.304730Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 01d25574-9cc6-482b-abc0-c28fc28fb403 · outbound
This paper cites and Nyquist, H.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Nyquist, H
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:44.098695Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 74f8ada0-27dc-4cf0-8679-b82fffb30f88 · outbound
This paper cites Guidance for Industry: Adjusting for covariates in randomized clinical trials for drugs and biological products.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials Guidance for Industry: Adjusting for covariates in randomized clinical trials for drugs and biological products
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:43.863227Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 760c071c-6388-406a-b57f-26035cfa8ae1 · outbound
This paper cites and Friedman, J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Friedman, J
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:43.659045Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2205dca0-31d6-483e-a47d-8f0b538e240b · outbound
This paper cites and Karlan, D.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Karlan, D
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:43.478061Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 44fc091f-e13e-47ab-9145-aa3837a58e0f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:43.269684Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation cc419e6d-ae66-4060-963f-4d195711c4b1 · outbound
This paper cites and G'Sell, M.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and G'Sell, M
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:43.000224Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c062b286-429a-4483-9215-b05b17352f2a · outbound
This paper cites and van der Laan, M.J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and van der Laan, M.J
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:42.666112Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ee99beee-24e6-4273-9ce4-8749dd5737db · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:42.491762Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5e978237-a83a-4e1c-a57f-da0d03c7a7b2 · outbound
This paper cites (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:42.274544Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 47d905ea-d511-4c53-a37a-193b6e6dd7ac · outbound
This paper cites and van der Laan, M.J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and van der Laan, M.J
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:42.110771Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 78c3ec11-59c2-4cc1-b62c-8d2fb8221a2f · outbound
This paper cites (1983) Clinical trials: a practical approach.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1983) Clinical trials: a practical approach
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:41.859169Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 70b5651a-52ce-4ee1-80f3-3c21252da250 · outbound
This paper cites and Brumback, B.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Brumback, B
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:41.689399Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a8988cb0-696c-4fdc-a455-8fa5b19485db · outbound
This paper cites and Rubin, D.B.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Rubin, D.B
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:41.494375Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d8fc7f0c-6da2-42e8-b521-33159987808f · outbound
This paper cites and Rubin, D.B.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Rubin, D.B
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:41.283768Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 20393c28-a229-4b8d-b7a7-958e5838e843 · outbound
This paper cites and Rubin, D.B.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Rubin, D.B
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:41.144250Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6a6800b7-f5b5-4b6f-b58a-204729a7bb74 · outbound
This paper cites and Sverdlov, O.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Sverdlov, O
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:40.983239Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ae168cd6-8fe6-4ae2-bda0-7bce1741e2d6 · outbound
This paper cites and Simon, R.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Simon, R
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:40.795789Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9f31c86d-3422-4820-8bdd-153235edad98 · outbound
This paper cites and van der Laan, M.J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and van der Laan, M.J
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:40.624997Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2954e623-c507-48b8-8f9c-4113a7153552 · outbound
This paper cites Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Under Covariate Adaptive Randomization.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Under Covariate Adaptive Randomization
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:32.874083Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0d0c9c94-638d-4b07-938a-679303c52372 · outbound
This paper cites (1974) Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1974) Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:40.476722Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9de87385-8fdd-4f66-b958-537dee44f3a2 · outbound
This paper cites and van der Laan, M.J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and van der Laan, M.J
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:40.314770Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ba764872-ea7c-446f-ab67-8b516358dcb4 · outbound
This paper cites and Wei, L.J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Wei, L.J
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:40.141253Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2a3635e4-975d-463f-b330-0f2572801d22 · outbound
This paper cites (2006) Semiparametric Theory and Missing Data.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (2006) Semiparametric Theory and Missing Data
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:39.975210Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ef6c5cd5-5d75-49e1-b538-c5ee5bbd1d1f · outbound
This paper cites and Lu, X.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Lu, X
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:39.788055Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation dd4417ab-1283-4048-945f-84efdcc76c55 · outbound
This paper cites and Hubbard, A.E.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Hubbard, A.E
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:39.589274Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 129be0aa-6837-4133-9eb7-a1c4dca63291 · outbound
This paper cites and Robins, J.M.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Robins, J.M
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:39.452940Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c1d15707-2427-40c0-b37b-4eba301f5142 · outbound
This paper cites and Rose, S.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Rose, S
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:39.307389Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e0aa44f4-117f-4a44-a310-02a2fe995539 · outbound
This paper cites (1998) Asymptotic Statistics.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1998) Asymptotic Statistics
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:39.161929Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ea26e198-b0ae-4772-beda-acdfaee0aba0 · outbound
This paper cites and Wellner, J.A.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Wellner, J.A
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:38.999753Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e5ac49a9-b13a-4823-9776-453652c8e05e · outbound
This paper cites and Zhu, W.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Zhu, W
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:38.760097Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 994714cf-0d5d-4a7c-b60e-022c14b26b7a · outbound
This paper cites and Zhang, H.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Zhang, H
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:38.551119Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e00e97f4-56bf-436f-be26-1b35aa1dcdf0 · outbound
This paper cites (2019) Machine learning methods for leveraging baseline covariate information to improve the efficiency of clinical trials.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (2019) Machine learning methods for leveraging baseline covariate information to improve the efficiency of clinical trials
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:38.341030Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 0f1d2ff9-93e9-4b6b-8b2a-292d1fbaebe7 · outbound
This paper cites and Davidian, M.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Davidian, M
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:38.136648Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 46cb716b-17a4-431b-8929-a4957244cdfa · outbound
This paper cites and Liu, A.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Liu, A
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:37.951047Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d5723bbf-50d8-420d-a5e6-9db7f4c3073d · outbound
This paper cites (2025) A connection between covariate adjustment and stratified randomization in randomized clinical trials.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (2025) A connection between covariate adjustment and stratified randomization in randomized clinical trials
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:37.760502Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 257ff843-92b5-4672-b419-c065e534aae3 · outbound
This paper cites (2023) Adaptive Neyman Allocation.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (2023) Adaptive Neyman Allocation
Reference 40
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:34.407469Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 59769447-726c-41bf-a62e-81b84cc20899 · outbound
This paper cites and van der Laan, M.J.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and van der Laan, M.J
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:37.530945Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 909c3706-db8d-4172-833b-919d7d3fdc95 · outbound
This paper cites and Rosenblum, M.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Rosenblum, M
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:37.322986Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 971c3ef8-f9d0-49ee-b062-3c1aa5829fda · outbound
This paper cites Amin-Esmaeili, M.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials Amin-Esmaeili, M
Reference 43
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:37.092363Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ad75df85-372c-4585-9c81-fc174bb25e70 · outbound
This paper cites (1978) An application of an urn model to the design of sequential controlled clinical trials.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1978) An application of an urn model to the design of sequential controlled clinical trials
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:36.851596Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation daaa02fc-5208-42ae-9ba6-cf9fc6e2e39a · outbound
This paper cites and Zhao, Q.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Zhao, Q
Reference 45
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:36.661555Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation fc7ad914-c54f-4316-9651-60bfd130630f · outbound
This paper cites and Yang, Y.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials and Yang, Y
Reference 46
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:36.458678Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation df2bdeba-b27c-45f5-8460-65ca4bfbbc8c · outbound
This paper cites (1996) A Course in Large Sample Theory.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (1996) A Course in Large Sample Theory
Reference 47
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:36.280832Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3fd68d8d-b12c-4e59-b766-3765a6a9f398 · outbound
This paper cites (2003) Mathematical Statistics, 2nd edition.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials (2003) Mathematical Statistics, 2nd edition
Reference 48
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:36.056878Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5d4e8087-373d-49c2-924a-2af6ff631ee7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T13:42:35.849636Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.