Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 42 references

Ultrashort Time-Integrated Diagnosis of Laser-Heated Deuterium Ions in Dense Plasma via Fusion Neutron Spectra

T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-05 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read A single time-of-flight neutron detector, run in single-neutron-counting mode, can read the temperature and angular distribution of deuterium ions inside dense laser-heated plasma from the fusion-neutron spectrum alone.

desk verdict A promising high-rep-rate neutron diagnostic that overclaims its validation: the forward-ion temperature and angular width rest on a vapor-background subtraction that gets no independent check. read the letter →

arxiv 2509.00659 v1 pith:ZHCVF27H submitted 2025-08-31 physics.plasm-ph

Jie Feng , Hao Xu , Mingxuan Wei , Mingyang Zhu , Xichen Hu , Bingzhan Shi , Fuyuan Wu , Weijun Zhou
show 6 more authors
Wenchao Yan Guoqiang Zhang Jinguang Wang Yifei Li Xin Lu Liming Chen
This is my paper
classification physics.plasm-ph PACS 52.70.Nc52.50.Jm52.38.Kd
keywords neutrontime-of-flightspectroscopydeuterium-deuteriumfusiondenseplasmaiondiagnosticstemperaturemeasurementlaser-plasmaaccelerationheavywaterstreamtargetparticle-in-cellverificationhighrepetitionratefemtosecondlaser
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper claims that a single time-of-flight neutron detector, operated in single-neutron-counting mode at 100 Hz repetition, can accumulate a D(D,n)3He fusion neutron spectrum with ~100 keV resolution at 3 MeV—precise enough to read the temperature and angular distribution of deuterium ions moving forward inside dense plasma, a quantity that direct ion diagnostics cannot access. The key step is separating the measured spectrum into a thick-target vapor component, produced by backward-accelerated ions fusing in the surrounding heavy-water vapor, and the residual 2–3 MeV band, produced by forward-moving ions fusing inside the stream. Fitting that residual with a Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution and a Lorentz angular distribution yields an ion temperature of 20–30 keV and an angular width that agrees with the paper's particle-in-cell simulations. If correct, the method turns fusion neutrons from a yield diagnostic into an ultrashort time-integrated probe of ion dynamics in high-energy-density plasmas, and it validates simulated laser-plasma ion acceleration within the fusion-active window.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the time-integrated neutron energy spectrum of the D(D,n)3He reaction in the 2–3 MeV window, collected by a single liquid-scintillator time-of-flight detector in single-neutron-counting mode at a 3.46 m flight distance with ~100 keV resolution. It carries the argument because, through the reaction Q-equation, each neutron energy maps onto the incident deuterium ion's energy and emission angle at the instant of fusion, giving a local, picosecond-scale snapshot without the large symmetric detector arrays used in inertial-confinement experiments. Two companion models complete the inversion: a thin-target formula for forward-moving ions fusing inside the stream, and a

What would settle it

Measure the same D(D,n) spectrum with a second time-of-flight detector at a different angle (for example near 90°) and check that the 2–3 MeV window yields the same 20–30 keV temperature and Lorentz width predicted by the fitting model; alternatively, change the heavy-water vapor pressure in the chamber by a known factor and confirm that the inferred forward-ion temperature stays within the 20–30 keV band. If either check fails, the single-angle inversion is absorbing mis-modeled vapor contributions rather than isolating forward-ion dynamics.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

On the paper's own terms: femtosecond laser pulses (20 fs, 20 mJ, ~2×10^19 W/cm^2, 100 Hz) focused on a free-flowing heavy-water (D2O) stream heat deuterium ions; some fuse inside the dense stream plasma while others escape and fuse in the surrounding D2O vapor. The authors show that the accumulated neutron energy spectrum, measured by a single liquid-scintillator time-of-flight detector in single-neutron-counting mode at ~100 keV resolution at 3 MeV, fits the sum of two calculated components: a thin-target spectrum from forward-moving ions in the stream, and a thick-target spectrum from backward-moving ions in vapor, computed with tabulated stopping powers and a time-delay correction. That

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the measured neutron spectrum can be split cleanly into a backward-ion 'vapor' component, modeled from simulation output with stopping-power tables and a time-delay correction, and a forward-ion 'stream' component; if the vapor model is biased, the fitted forward-ion temperature (20–30 keV) and angular width would change even though the summed spectrum still fits.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The 2–3 MeV band of the D(D,n) spectrum is isolated as the fingerprint of forward-moving deuterium ions inside dense plasma; it remains readable even though backward ions produce roughly six times more neutrons overall.
  • A single time-of-flight detector in single-neutron-counting mode achieves ~100 keV resolution at 3 MeV, which the paper argues is enough for ion-temperature and angular-distribution diagnosis without large solid-angle detector arrays.
  • The fitted 20–30 keV temperature and Lorentz angular width reproduce the measured spectrum and bracket the simulation's time-resolved temperatures, so the simulated forward-ion dynamics are experimentally supported within that window.
  • The method yields picosecond time-integrated ion dynamics—the fusion-active window—the timescale that direct ion diagnostics average over and lose.
  • Residual mismatch in the 2.6–2.8 MeV sub-range points to a specific testable population: forward ions above 30 keV emitted between 50° and 90°, as the paper's neutron-energy colormap shows.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Editorial inference: the same spectral-inversion logic could extend to the T(D,n)4He line at 17.6 MeV, of which the paper records a few counts; a higher-yield variant might reach triton dynamics or ion populations beyond 1 MeV.
  • Editorial inference: a second time-of-flight detector at a different angle (for instance near 90°) would test the Lorentz angular-width result directly, without relying on a single-angle fit, and would settle whether the 2.6–2.8 MeV deviation comes from forward or backward ions.
  • Editorial inference: because the vapor contribution is modeled rather than measured, a controlled scan of chamber vapor pressure would provide an experimental lever on the subtracted background; the inferred forward-ion temperature should stay within 20–30 keV if the separation is sound.
  • Editorial inference: at 100 Hz repetition, the technique could map ion temperature versus laser energy, pre-pulse contrast, or focus position with statistics accumulated in minutes, turning it into a routine tuning diagnostic for laser-plasma acceleration experiments.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 6 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a single-detector, single-neutron-counting (SNC) time-of-flight neutron spectrometer operating at 100 Hz on a femtosecond-laser-irradiated D2O stream. It claims roughly 100 keV energy resolution at 3 MeV and uses the measured D-D neutron spectrum to infer the temperature and angular spread of forward-moving deuterium ions in dense plasma, with the result said to be 'well verified' by EPOCH PIC simulations. The forward-ion population is extracted as the residual after subtracting a vapor component (about six times larger) computed from PIC-simulated backward ions, then fitted with a Maxwell-Boltzmann temperature and Lorentz angular distribution (Eq. (6)), yielding a temperature range of 20-30 keV and an angular width consistent with PIC. The modeling chain (thin-target stream, thick-target vapor, SRIM stopping, time-delay correction) is physically motivated, but the central diagnostic claim rests on assumptions in the vapor-subtraction model and on a visually reported rather than quantitatively validated agreement.

Significance. If the conclusions hold, this is a promising step toward time-integrated ion diagnosis in dense plasma using a single ToF detector, avoiding large detector arrays and enabling high-repetition-rate experiments. The paper also demonstrates a useful forward-modeling workflow combining PIC, DROSG cross sections, and SRIM stopping. However, the evidence presented is not yet sufficient to establish the 'well verified' claim: the inferred temperature is only a 20-30 keV bracket, the vapor background dominates the spectrum, the energy resolution is estimated rather than calibrated, and the goodness of fit is not quantified. The concept is worth pursuing, but the current version needs substantial strengthening of the error budget and model-validation analysis.

major comments (4)
  1. [Analysis, Eqs. (4)-(5), Fig. 3(c)] The forward-ion spectrum used for the fit is the residual after subtracting the D2O-vapor contribution, which is computed from PIC-simulated backward ions with a thick-target model (Eq. (4)) and a time-delay correction (Eq. (5)). The paper states that the backward/vapor yield is 'approximately six times higher' than the forward yield, and the time-delayed vapor spectrum in Fig. 3(c) extends down to 0.5 MeV, overlapping the 2-3 MeV window claimed to reveal forward ions. Systematic errors in the vapor model - stopping in partially ionized or non-uniform vapor, neglect of angular straggling, the simplified path-length averaging in Eq. (5), and the assumed equivalence of px<0 with 'vapor' (and px>0 with 'stream') - will shift the residual and hence the fitted T_D and gamma. The manuscript itself concedes that the 2.6-2.8 MeV deviation 'could be contributed by either forward or backward deute
  2. [Analysis, Fig. 3(a); Discussion] The central validation claim - 'the calculated results are well verified by particle-in-cell simulations' - is not supported by any quantitative goodness-of-fit statistic. No chi-square values, degrees of freedom, residuals, or confidence intervals are given; the chi-square is only mentioned as an 'illustration' in the Fig. 4(a) caption. The comparison also appears to allow an overall yield normalization; if so, the test reduces to spectral shape only. The fitted temperature is reported as a broad bracket (20-30 keV) and the fitted angular width gamma is not reported numerically at all. I request the chi-square surface over (T_D, gamma), the number of fitted bins and parameters, and fitted values with uncertainties, so the reader can judge whether the agreement is meaningful.
  3. [Experimental setup and results; Discussion] The claimed energy resolution of 100 keV at 3 MeV is estimated from detector distance, scintillator thickness, and timing readout, but is not calibrated with a well-characterized neutron source. This resolution directly determines the temperature range that can be extracted (the paper explicitly says the 20-30 keV range is limited by the 100 keV resolution). The forward-model spectra should be convolved with the detector response (or the measured spectrum unfolded), and the sensitivity of T_D and gamma to the assumed resolution should be reported. Without this, the quoted temperature bracket may be an artifact of an uncalibrated resolution.
  4. [Discussion, Eq. (6)] The simple model assumes a Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution and a Lorentz angular distribution for the forward ions. This assumption is not derived from the PIC simulation and is not tested against alternative shapes; the PIC ion phase space (Fig. 1(b)) is more structured. Because the residual at 2.6-2.8 MeV is admitted to be ambiguous, the fit cannot uniquely determine T_D and gamma. I ask for an identifiability study: confidence contours in the (T_D, gamma) plane, and a comparison with alternative functional forms (e.g., bi-Maxwellian or beam-like distributions). The paper should also report the numerical value and uncertainty of gamma, not only a gray band in a figure.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Eq. (3)] The equation appears to contain a stray 'p' before 'E_n' and should read E_n = ...; define all symbols (E_D, theta_n) and the domain of E_D.
  2. [Eq. (5)] Define l and d_j explicitly; the formatting makes the denominator hard to parse. L is used earlier for detector distance, so use consistent notation.
  3. [Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 4(c)] In Fig. 3(a), identify which curve is the sum, stream, and vapor; the caption mentions red/black but the text does not describe the colors. In Fig. 4(c), report the numerical values of gamma for the gray band.
  4. [References] Reference [34] appears to have incorrect author names ('W.L.K. Scott, C. Wilks' should be 'S.C. Wilks, W.L. Kruer'); check all references for errors.
  5. [Experimental uncertainties] The paper does not report the total number of detected neutrons or the number of laser shots contributing to the spectrum; error bars are described only as 'standard deviation'. State the statistical basis of the error bars.
  6. [General] No data/code availability statement is given; for a diagnostic paper, a data statement would aid reproducibility. Also, the abstract's 'hundred Hertz repetitive' should be rephrased as '100-Hz-repetition-rate'.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the reported ion temperature and angular distributions are fitted from measured neutron ToF data and checked against an independent PIC simulation; no fitted quantity is defined in terms of the simulation's output.

full rationale

The fitted temperature and angular width are extracted from the experimental neutron ToF spectrum by fitting Eq. (6) after fixing reaction kinematics (Eqs. (1)-(3)) with external cross-section/stopping tables (DROSG, SRIM). PIC appears as a forward-model comparison for the total spectrum and as a model for the vapor background, not as the source of the fitted T_D and gamma. There is no equation in which a fitted parameter equals a PIC output by construction, and the 'verification' by PIC is a cross-check rather than a derivation. The manuscript honestly flags its main limitations: 'Limited by the energy-resolution 100 keV of the spectrum, this approach can only determine a temperature range of 20 to 30 keV' and 'there is still a deviation within the range of 2.6 to 2.8 MeV, which could be contributed by either forward or backward deuterium ions.' These indicate finite resolution and non-unique source attribution, but they are not circular reductions. The one transparency gap is that the 'experimental neutron spectrum from the D2O stream plasma' (Fig. 4a caption) is not explicitly shown to be isolated from the vapor contribution, which the paper states is about six times larger; if the isolation uses the PIC-based vapor spectrum of Eqs. (4)-(5), the forward residual is model-dependent. This is a robustness/missing-support concern, not a self-consistent derivation loop. No load-bearing self-citation chain forces the central claim; the cited codes and data tables are external. Therefore no significant circularity is present.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central diagnostic relies on converting a measured neutron spectrum into ion temperature and angular width. The conversion uses two fitted parameters (TD and gamma) and an implicit amplitude normalization, and rests on a chain of modeling assumptions (PIC pre-plasma, stream/vapor decomposition, SRIM stopping). No new physical entities are introduced.

free parameters (3)
  • Deuterium ion temperature TD = 20-30 keV
    Fitted to the experimental neutron spectrum via Eq (6) and evaluated by chi-square, Fig 4(b).
  • Lorentz angular width gamma = not reported numerically
    Fitted jointly with TD to reproduce the neutron spectrum; shown as a gray band in Fig 4(c).
  • Simulation-to-experiment yield normalization = not specified
    The simulated neutron spectrum is compared with absolute experimental counts, but the scaling of the 2D PIC yields (Eq 2) to the measured 10-minute, 100 Hz accumulation is not described; this is at least one implicit amplitude degree of freedom.
assumptions (5)
  • standard math Two-body nuclear Q-value kinematics for D(D,n)3He (Eq 1) with Q=3.27 MeV
    Used throughout to convert ion energy/angle to neutron energy.
  • domain assumption Thin-target (stream) and thick-target (vapor) approximations to compute neutron yields (Eqs 2,4)
    Assumes forward ions (px>0) stop in the dense stream and backward ions (px<0) travel through dilute vapor; geometry is simplified to a planar split at the stream surface.
  • domain assumption Pre-plasma density profile from 1D MULTI fluid simulation is used as input for the 2D EPOCH PIC simulation
    The simulated ion dynamics, and hence the synthesized neutron spectrum, depend on this unvalidated initial condition; stated in the setup and Analysis sections.
  • domain assumption SRIM-2013 stopping power accurately models deuterium energy loss in D2O vapor
    Used to compute thick-target yields and the time-delay correction for vapor neutrons (Eqs 4-5).
  • ad hoc to paper Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution and Lorentz angular distribution are sufficient to represent the forward ion population (Eq 6)
    An analytic shape chosen for the spectral fit; the resulting temperature range is only meaningful if the true distribution is close to Maxwellian within the fitted range.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Ultrashort Time-Integrated Diagnosis of Laser-Heated Deuterium Ions in Dense Plasma via Fusion Neutron Spectra." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/ZHCVF27H

@misc{pith2026250900659,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Ultrashort Time-Integrated Diagnosis of Laser-Heated Deuterium Ions in Dense Plasma via Fusion Neutron Spectra},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/ZHCVF27H}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2509.00659}
}
read the original abstract

The ultrashort time-integrated diagnosis of ions plays a vital role in high energy density physics research. However, it is extremely challenging to measure in experiment. Here, we demonstrate a reliable approach for investigating the dynamics of deuterium ions in dense plasma. By irradiating a heavy water stream with the hundred Hertz repetitive intense femtosecond laser pulses, the neutrons from D(D,n)3He reaction can be detected via a single Time-of-Flight detector to accumulate the spectrum with a fine energy-resolution. This spectrum has been utilized to calculate the temperature and angular distribution of deuterium ions transported in plasma. And the calculated results are well verified by particle-in-cell simulations of deuterium ions dynamics. Our method paves a new way for diagnosing ions picoseconds time-integrated dynamics in plasma and holds great potential for understanding the ions transport process in high-energy density matters and studying laser plasma ion acceleration.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2509.00659 by the authors.

Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2: Neutron Time-of-Flight spectra. (a) Typical single [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1: Experiment setup. (a) Fluid simulated pre-plasma [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3: Neutron energy spectra. (a) Neutron spectra from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4: Deuterium ions dynamics in dense plasma. (a) Neu [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png]

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

42 extracted references · 42 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    R. P. Drake, High-Energy-Density Physics: Founda- tion of Inertial Fusion and Experimental Astrophysics, Springer Cham (2018)

    work page 2018

  2. [2]

    Paul Drake, A journey through high-energy-density physics, Nuclear Fusion 59, 035001 (2019)

    R. Paul Drake, A journey through high-energy-density physics, Nuclear Fusion 59, 035001 (2019)

    work page 2019

  3. [3]

    Danson, D

    C. Danson, D. Hillier, N. Hopps, and D. Neely, Petawatt class lasers worldwide, High Power Laser Science and En- gineering 3, e3 (2015)

    work page 2015

  4. [4]

    Jieru Ren, Bubo Ma, Lirong Liu, Wenqing Wei, Ben- zheng Chen, Shizheng Zhang et al., Target Density Ef- fects on Charge Transfer of Laser-Accelerated Carbon Ions in Dense Plasma, Physical Review Letters 130, 095101 (2023)

    work page 2023

  5. [5]

    Simulations on the multi-shell target ignition driven by radiation pulse in Z- pinch dynamic hohlraum, Chinese Physics B 30, 115201 (2021)

    Chen S J, Ma Y Y, Wu F Y, et al. Simulations on the multi-shell target ignition driven by radiation pulse in Z- pinch dynamic hohlraum, Chinese Physics B 30, 115201 (2021)

    work page 2021

  6. [6]

    D. D. Ryutov, M. S. Derzon, M. K. Matzen, The physics of fast Z pinches, Reviews of Modern Physics 72, 167 (2000)

    work page 2000

  7. [7]

    B. Y. Sharkov, D. H. H. Hoffmann, A. A. Golubev, and Y. Zhao, High energy density physics with intense ion beams, Matter and Radiation at Extremes 1, 28 (2016)

    work page 2016

  8. [8]

    K. H. Shigehiko Tateno, Yasuo Ohishi, Yoshiyuki Tat- sumi, The Structure of Iron in Earth’s Inner Core, SCI- ENCE 330, 359 (2010)

    work page 2010

Show all 42 references
  1. [9]

    Weber, S

    S. Weber, S. Bechet, S. Borneis, L. Brabec, M. Buˇ cka, E. Chacon-Golcher et al., P3: An installation for high- energy density plasma physics and ultra-high intensity laser–matter interaction at ELI-Beamlines, Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2, 149 (2017)

    2017

  2. [10]

    I. Y. Skobelev, S. N. Ryazantsev, D. D. Arich, P. S. Bratchenko, A. Y. Faenov, T. A. Pikuz et al., X-ray ab- sorption spectroscopy study of energy transport in foil targets heated by petawatt laser pulses, Photonics Re- search 6, 234 (2018)

    2018

  3. [11]

    Maria Alkhimova, Sergey Ryazantsev, Igor Skobelev, Alexey Boldarev, Jie Feng, Xin Lu, Li-Ming Chen, Sergey Pikuz, Clean source of soft X-ray radiation formed in su- personic Ar gas jets by high-contrast femtosecond laser pulses of relativistic intensity, High Power Laser Scien...

    2020

  4. [12]

    N. F. Beier, H. Allison, P. Efthimion, K. A. Flippo, L. Gao, S. B. Hansen et al., Homogeneous, Micron-Scale High-Energy-Density Matter Generated by Relativistic Laser-Solid Interactions, Physical Review Letters 129, 135001 (2022)

    2022

  5. [13]

    T D Arber, C S Brady, A Lawrence-Douglas, M G Ram- say, N J Sircombe, P Gillies, R G Evans, H Schmitz, A 6 R Bell and C P Ridgers, Contemporary particle-in-cell approach to laser-plasma modelling, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 57, 113001 (2015)

    2015

  6. [14]

    et al., High-Intensity Laser Induced Ion Ac- celeration from Heavy-Water Droplets, Physical Review Letters 91, 015001 (2003)

    Karsch S., Dusterer S., Schwoerer H., Ewald F., Habs D., Hegelich M. et al., High-Intensity Laser Induced Ion Ac- celeration from Heavy-Water Droplets, Physical Review Letters 91, 015001 (2003)

    2003

  7. [15]

    Jiang, F.Q

    X.R. Jiang, F.Q. Shao, D.B. Zou, M.Y. Yu, L.X. Hu, X.Y. Guo et al., Energetic deuterium-ion beams and neutron source driven by multiple-laser interaction with pitcher-catcher target, Nuclear Fusion60, 076019 (2020)

    2020

  8. [16]

    Changbo Fu, Jie Bao, Liming Chen, Jianjun He, Long Hou, Liang Li et al., Laser-driven plasma collider for nu- clear studies, Science Bulletin 60, 1211 (2015)

    2015

  9. [17]

    W. Bang, M. Barbui, A. Bonasera, G. Dyer, H. J. Quevedo, K. Hagel et al., Temperature Measurements of Fusion Plasmas Produced by Petawatt-Laser-Irradiated D2 − He 3 or CD 4 − He 3 Clustering Gases, Physical Re- view Letters 111, 055002 (2013)

    2013

  10. [18]

    Ditmire, V

    T. Ditmire, V. P. Yanovsky, T. E. Cowan, G. Hays, K. B. Wharton, Nuclear fusion from explosions of femtosecond laser-heated deuterium clusters, Nature 398, 489 (1999)

    1999

  11. [19]

    Bertulani, Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell, Princeton University Press (2007)

    Carlos A. Bertulani, Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell, Princeton University Press (2007)

    2007

  12. [20]

    et al., Stabilized Radiation Pressure Accel- eration and Neutron Generation in Ultrathin Deuterated Foils, Physical Review Letters 129, 114801 (2022)

    Alejo A., Ahmed H., Krygier A.G., Clarke R., Freeman R.R., Fuchs J. et al., Stabilized Radiation Pressure Accel- eration and Neutron Generation in Ultrathin Deuterated Foils, Physical Review Letters 129, 114801 (2022)

    2022

  13. [21]

    et al., Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Dynamics in Low-Density Molecular-Cluster Jets Irradi- ated by Intense Ultrafast Laser Pulses, Physical Review Letters 89, 065005 (2002)

    Grillon G., Balcou P., Chambaret J.P., Hulin D., Mar- tino J., Moustaizis S. et al., Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Dynamics in Low-Density Molecular-Cluster Jets Irradi- ated by Intense Ultrafast Laser Pulses, Physical Review Letters 89, 065005 (2002)

    2002

  14. [22]

    J. Hah, G. M. Petrov, J. A. Nees, Z. H. He, M. D. Hammig, K. Krushelnick, and A. G. R. Thomas, High repetition-rate neutron generation by several-mJ, 35 fs pulses interacting with free-flowing D2O, Applied Physics Letters 109, 144102 (2016)

    2016

  15. [23]

    Zhang, M

    G. Zhang, M. Huang, A. Bonasera, Y.G. Ma, B.F. Shen, H.W. Wang et al., Nuclear probes of an out-of- equilibrium plasma at the highest compression, Physics Letters A 383, 2285 (2019)

    2019

  16. [24]

    Wenzhao Wang, Chong Lv, Xiaopeng Zhang, Changbo Fu, Bing Guo, Hongbo Cai et al., First measurement of the 7Li(D, n) astrophysical S-factor in laser-induced full plasma, Physics Letters B 843, 138034 (2023)

    2023

  17. [25]

    Knight, Connor M

    Benjamin M. Knight, Connor M. Gautam, Colton R. Stoner, Bryan V. Egner, Joseph R. Smith, Chris M. Or- ban et al., Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser- driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detec- tion suite, High Power Laser Science & Engineering 12, e2 (2024)

    2024

  18. [26]

    E. F. Bennett, Fast Neutron Spectroscopy by Proton- Recoil Proportional Counting, Nuclear Science and En- gineering 27, 16 (2017)

    2017

  19. [27]

    Mitrofanova, Vladimir M

    Konstantin V. Mitrofanova, Vladimir M. Piksaikin, Kon- stantin I. Zolotarev, Andrey S. Egorov, Dmitrii E. Gremyachkin, The energy spectrum of neutrons from 7Li(d, n)8Be reaction at deuteron energy 2.9 MeV, EPJ Web of Conferences 146, 11041 (2017)

    2017

  20. [28]

    A. S. Moore, D. J. Schlossberg, B. D. Appelbe, G. A. Chandler, A. J. Crilly, M. J. Eckart et al., Neutron time of flight (nToF) detectors for inertial fusion experiments, Review of Scientific Instruments 94, 061102 (2023)

    2023

  21. [29]

    Xiaofeng Xi, Guoqiang Zhang, Fulong Liu, Guangyong Fu, Chuangye He, Hongtao Chen et al., Direct calibra- tion of neutron detectors for laser-driven nuclear reaction experiments with a gated neutron source, Review of Sci- entific Instruments 94, 013301 (2023)

    2023

  22. [30]

    Yaojun Li, Jie Feng, Wenzhao Wang, Junhao Tan, Xulei Ge, Feng Liu, Wenchao Yan, Guoqiang Zhang, Changbo Fu, Liming Chen, Micro-size picosecond-duration fast neutron source driven by a laser–plasma wakefield elec- tron accelerator, High Power Laser Science & Engineer- ing 10, e...

    2022

  23. [31]

    Ramis, J

    R. Ramis, J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, MULTI-IFE—A one- dimensional computer code for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) target simulations, Computer Physics Communi- cations 203, 226 (2016)

    2016

  24. [32]

    Xiaopeng Zhang, Jiarui Zhao, D. Yuan, C. Fu, J. Bao, Liming Chen et al., Deuteron-deuteron fusion in laser- driven counter-streaming collisionless plasmas, Physical Review C 96, 055801 (2017)

    2017

  25. [33]

    Morris, T

    S. Morris, T. Goffrey, K. Bennett, and T. Arber, Im- provements to collisional ionization models for particle- in-cell codes, Phys. Plasmas 29, 123907 (2022)

    2022

  26. [34]

    Scott, C

    W.L.K. Scott, C. Wilks, Absorption of Ultrashort, Ultra- Intense Laser Light by Solids and Overdense Plasmas, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 33, 1954 (1997)

    1954

  27. [35]

    Wilks, W.L

    S.C. Wilks, W.L. Kruer, M. Tabak, A.B. Langdon, Ab- sorption of ultra-intense laser pulses, Physical Review Letters 69, 1383 (1992)

    1992

  28. [36]

    Denavit, Absorption of high-intensity subpicosecond lasers on solid density targets, Physical Review Letters 69, 3052 (1992)

    J. Denavit, Absorption of high-intensity subpicosecond lasers on solid density targets, Physical Review Letters 69, 3052 (1992)

    1992

  29. [37]

    Daido, M

    H. Daido, M. Nishiuchi, A.S. Pirozhkov, Review of laser- driven ion sources and their applications, Reports on Progress in Physics, 75, 056401 (2012)

    2012

  30. [38]

    Romagnani, J

    L. Romagnani, J. Fuchs, M. Borghesi, P. Antici, P. Au- debert, F. Ceccherini, T. Cowan, T. Grismayer, S. Kar, A. Macchi, P. Mora, G. Pretzler, A. Schiavi, T. Ton- cian, O. Willi, Dynamics of Electric Fields Driving the Laser Acceleration of Multi-MeV Protons, Physical Re- view...

    2005

  31. [39]

    Willingale, S

    L. Willingale, S. P. D. Mangles, P. M. Nilson, R. J. Clarke, A. E. Dangor, M. C. Kaluza et al., Collimated Multi-MeV Ion Beams from High-Intensity Laser Interac- tions with Underdense Plasma, Physical Review Letters, 96, 245002 (2006)

    2006

  32. [40]

    S. V. Bulanov and T. Zh. Esirkepov, Comment on ’Colli- mated Multi-MeV ion Beams from High-Intensity Laser Interactions with Underdense Plasma’, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 049503 (2007)

    2007

  33. [41]

    M, DROSG-2000: Neutron source reactions

    Drosg. M, DROSG-2000: Neutron source reactions. Data files with computer codes for 56 monoenergetic neutron source reactions, IAEA (2000)

    2000

  34. [42]

    Ziegler, M.D

    J.F. Ziegler, M.D. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, SRIM – The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010), Nuclear In- struments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 268, 1818 (2010)

    2010

Pith tools

Reviewed August 5, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.