Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 14 of 14 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.05440.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.05440 v1

Coverage vector

measured 14 of 14 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:21.670295Z

measured 14 of 14 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

14 of 14 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy8
unresolved5
parse uncertain1
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 348df963-98ab-4fb3-9b6e-d6f9111e0033 · outbound

This paper cites Better"|i), ...: Table 13 (d)p(.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Better"|i), ...: Table 13 (d)p(

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:24.501899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a3049fd2-24b0-4a7e-8bfa-37838eabe0df · outbound

This paper cites Better"|i), ...: Table 14 (d)p(.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Better"|i), ...: Table 14 (d)p(

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:24.304251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 94b78029-212b-437a-8c4e-f819c36665ba · outbound

This paper cites Better"|i), ...: Table 15 (d)p(.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Better"|i), ...: Table 15 (d)p(

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:24.087369Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ce20a171-511e-4957-a2b0-c5e49efe0342 · outbound

This paper cites Better".

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Better"

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:23.043583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6c5b2efe-db48-476b-a932-0207da5165c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:23.857509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c10b0a55-d4af-402d-b736-f7c10d9c1e62 · outbound

This paper cites Compare them to the article.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Compare them to the article

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:23.571096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c33870e3-e5f9-458f-887f-73a1efaa7515 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:23.313795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 604574a7-27a6-4272-a31a-639b26865715 · outbound

This paper cites Better".

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Better"

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:22.244778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b563fc19-831d-45a3-87bf-57b7cdba6e39 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: parse uncertain; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:22.795945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation bc476d59-f2b9-4d17-a0f6-ed26b8f4bcb9 · outbound

This paper cites Compare them to the idea.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Compare them to the idea

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:22.604028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fccf781f-4daf-4150-b89f-6701cc57de6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:22.485903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e8f7bdf1-55db-4311-9224-ac73d17e05a8 · outbound

This paper cites Better".

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Better"

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:21.999217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f5353b7c-6282-4ed1-b506-4ad399aae987 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:19.971801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d828476-64a0-4a1a-8d20-8b649506da3f · outbound

This paper cites FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarization.

Direct-Scoring NLG Evaluators Can Use Pairwise Comparisons Too FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarization

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:28:19.871440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.