Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.10802.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.10802 v1

Coverage vector

measured 42 of 42 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:29.289127Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

42 of 42 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved42
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8fbd62f3-2875-44e5-9bb4-0f997ee5b67c · outbound

This paper cites (2022), Learning of cluster-based feature importance for electronic health record time-series , International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, pages 161--179.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2022), Learning of cluster-based feature importance for electronic health record time-series , International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, pages 161--179

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:26.613116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19958067-bbe1-4e47-a3d5-9307f5047aa9 · outbound

This paper cites (1968), Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy , Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589--609.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (1968), Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy , Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589--609

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:26.670701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0ee90775-cf9d-40da-bc22-0e24170f4d6a · outbound

This paper cites (2022), Has the Evergrande debt crisis rattled Chinese capital markets? A series of event studies and their implications , Finance Research Letters, 50, 103247.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2022), Has the Evergrande debt crisis rattled Chinese capital markets? A series of event studies and their implications , Finance Research Letters, 50, 103247

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:26.744762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aba5ccbb-8031-4233-985d-93c147c749bc · outbound

This paper cites (2023), Does foreign competition affect corporate debt maturity structure? Evidence from import penetration , International Review of Financial Analysis, 86, 102539.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2023), Does foreign competition affect corporate debt maturity structure? Evidence from import penetration , International Review of Financial Analysis, 86, 102539

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:26.825772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08ad05bd-075f-4897-9e3b-d76fce822d46 · outbound

This paper cites (2023), Systematic default and return predictability in the stock and bond markets , Journal of Financial Economics, 149(3), 349--377.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2023), Systematic default and return predictability in the stock and bond markets , Journal of Financial Economics, 149(3), 349--377

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:26.869965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 047df6c3-7ba3-41fa-b329-4fe331749c5d · outbound

This paper cites (2017), Patient subtyping via time-aware LSTM networks , Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pages 65--74.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2017), Patient subtyping via time-aware LSTM networks , Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pages 65--74

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:26.944321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e6b6b43-a492-48ad-a0b7-220d0a27152b · outbound

This paper cites (2024), Predicting financial distress using multimodal data: An attentive and regularized deep learning method , Information Processing & Management, 61(4), 103703.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024), Predicting financial distress using multimodal data: An attentive and regularized deep learning method , Information Processing & Management, 61(4), 103703

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.002596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ef7b97a-be43-4be3-b569-5c2a1e960224 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), US Treasury market default risk and global interbank liquidity risk , Borsa Istanbul Review, 25(1), 66--78.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), US Treasury market default risk and global interbank liquidity risk , Borsa Istanbul Review, 25(1), 66--78

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.068192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f40cca09-deb9-4a79-a3f5-d2a4f9b23319 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), Bond defaults in China: Using machine learning to make predictions , International Review of Finance, 25(1), e70010.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), Bond defaults in China: Using machine learning to make predictions , International Review of Finance, 25(1), e70010

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.139720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1db9a341-61b1-4d7f-a59e-fb7fb03fda20 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), Deep learning for economists , Journal of Economic Literature, 63(1), 5--58.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), Deep learning for economists , Journal of Economic Literature, 63(1), 5--58

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.201097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6872b519-263c-4919-b1d6-7c3cf856f55d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.290932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db341f20-d775-47e8-bbaa-278c52036893 · outbound

This paper cites (2012), Multiperiod corporate default prediction—A forward intensity approach , Journal of Econometrics, 170(1), 191--209.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2012), Multiperiod corporate default prediction—A forward intensity approach , Journal of Econometrics, 170(1), 191--209

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.332911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e7ade6fc-12f8-41d0-acf0-6f3b9d2f0f82 · outbound

This paper cites (2023), Prediction of corporate credit ratings with machine learning: Simple interpretative models , Finance Research Letters, 58, 104648.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2023), Prediction of corporate credit ratings with machine learning: Simple interpretative models , Finance Research Letters, 58, 104648

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.388984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bddee021-84a7-4a9c-8a8e-78be917f9cb5 · outbound

This paper cites (2011), Corporate bond default risk: A 150-year perspective , Journal of Financial Economics, 102(2), 233--250.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2011), Corporate bond default risk: A 150-year perspective , Journal of Financial Economics, 102(2), 233--250

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.469002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 09f594b0-e6d2-422e-b879-806001d0eda1 · outbound

This paper cites (2024), Analyzing credit spread changes using explainable artificial intelligence , International Review of Financial Analysis, 94, 103315.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024), Analyzing credit spread changes using explainable artificial intelligence , International Review of Financial Analysis, 94, 103315

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.531048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6632a98-108d-4136-8bce-22cf7011dbe1 · outbound

This paper cites and Stitz, L.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction and Stitz, L

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.593395Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 255d3da8-87c7-44e5-b3ff-9e606f5a5d49 · outbound

This paper cites (2023), Does prospectus readability matter for bond issuance pricing? Evidence from China , Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 80, 102074.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2023), Does prospectus readability matter for bond issuance pricing? Evidence from China , Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 80, 102074

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.636500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e5971c1-a4f3-415d-bf57-f4e018addd16 · outbound

This paper cites (2024), Corporate bond default prediction using bilateral topic information of credit rating reports , International Journal of Financial Engineering, 11(03), 2443002.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024), Corporate bond default prediction using bilateral topic information of credit rating reports , International Journal of Financial Engineering, 11(03), 2443002

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.706169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13940390-73a9-4b63-a279-b3e1ce2bf43c · outbound

This paper cites (2019), Deep learning models for bankruptcy prediction using textual disclosures , European journal of operational research, 274(2), 743--758.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2019), Deep learning models for bankruptcy prediction using textual disclosures , European journal of operational research, 274(2), 743--758

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.770682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3f9124f0-83b7-4c38-bc2b-bff9cf7fc2d4 · outbound

This paper cites (2024), A novel URP-CNN model for bond credit risk evaluation of Chinese listed companies , Expert Systems with Applications, 255, 124861.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024), A novel URP-CNN model for bond credit risk evaluation of Chinese listed companies , Expert Systems with Applications, 255, 124861

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.830306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03acb290-97c1-459d-bbb3-a561124687d8 · outbound

This paper cites (2021), China's no-bailout reform: Impact on bond yields and rating standards , Journal of Banking & Finance, 133, 106282.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2021), China's no-bailout reform: Impact on bond yields and rating standards , Journal of Banking & Finance, 133, 106282

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.886389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1694ba5f-5d6f-4a85-b2f5-883570876231 · outbound

This paper cites and Nasim, N.B.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction and Nasim, N.B

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.916185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5997b486-1755-40c2-836b-6436230324ca · outbound

This paper cites and Fabozzi, F.J.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction and Fabozzi, F.J

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:27.995811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98d85253-6aa2-47e0-9256-998ef1e7f610 · outbound

This paper cites (2023), Optimal GDP-indexed bonds , Review of Economic Dynamics, 51, 747--777.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2023), Optimal GDP-indexed bonds , Review of Economic Dynamics, 51, 747--777

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.057914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cefc294b-2be9-4735-9bb0-4bc43e6bc7a9 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), Explainable natural language processing for corporate sustainability analysis , Information Fusion, 115, 102726.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), Explainable natural language processing for corporate sustainability analysis , Information Fusion, 115, 102726

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.108398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8286c03a-79e0-4ce9-beb8-287c0e4c0fb3 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), Forecasting China bond default with severe class-imbalanced data: A simple learning model with causal inference , Economic Modelling, 144, 106985.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), Forecasting China bond default with severe class-imbalanced data: A simple learning model with causal inference , Economic Modelling, 144, 106985

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.190761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56bbeebf-bc93-4da2-8abe-185bd0648626 · outbound

This paper cites Study on Intelligent Forecasting of Credit Bond Default Risk.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction Study on Intelligent Forecasting of Credit Bond Default Risk

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.263648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 43a9d474-561a-49c4-9c3c-cb47f6899e9a · outbound

This paper cites and Olafsson, S.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction and Olafsson, S

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.355132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c32ca3f-5ef8-409a-aae3-edcfca215e64 · outbound

This paper cites (2021), The value of text for small business default prediction: A deep learning approach , European Journal of Operational Research, 295(2), 758--771.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2021), The value of text for small business default prediction: A deep learning approach , European Journal of Operational Research, 295(2), 758--771

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.413296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e279ef3-a6f4-4607-b2dd-6b7a36f47dd3 · outbound

This paper cites (2023), A survey of sentiment analysis: Approaches, datasets, and future research , Applied Sciences, 13(7), 4550.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2023), A survey of sentiment analysis: Approaches, datasets, and future research , Applied Sciences, 13(7), 4550

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.487522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db196bad-962f-46d1-b8c5-0a1e48bdc5f5 · outbound

This paper cites (2024 a ), Predicting systemic financial risk with interpretable machine learning , The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 71, 102088.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024 a ), Predicting systemic financial risk with interpretable machine learning , The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 71, 102088

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.560937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56cdeb17-6b10-4f06-b03e-657c72337a1b · outbound

This paper cites (2024 b ), Unlocking the power of the topic content in news headlines: BERTopic for predicting Chinese corporate bond defaults , Finance Research Letters, 62, 105062.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024 b ), Unlocking the power of the topic content in news headlines: BERTopic for predicting Chinese corporate bond defaults , Finance Research Letters, 62, 105062

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.623458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 91ffeafa-8b8b-4ed2-8e80-2fba24a21bcd · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Black Box: Interpretability of LLMs in Finance.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction Beyond the Black Box: Interpretability of LLMs in Finance

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.710142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3f0ecf7-3a98-421b-9bd6-1e4178f96ba8 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), Multi-modal deep learning for credit rating prediction using text and numerical data streams , Applied Soft Computing, 171, 112771.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), Multi-modal deep learning for credit rating prediction using text and numerical data streams , Applied Soft Computing, 171, 112771

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.771138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db045b7a-80fc-46ef-9240-648f81b36479 · outbound

This paper cites (2017), Attention is all you need , Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Curran Associates, Inc., volume 30, pages 5998--6008.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2017), Attention is all you need , Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Curran Associates, Inc., volume 30, pages 5998--6008

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.845132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c79f640-f839-4b9d-b28b-15eadb0f4fc7 · outbound

This paper cites and Ma, X.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction and Ma, X

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.913440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4843f5b9-efef-4002-89a6-711d7a2f39d1 · outbound

This paper cites (2025), Measuring cross-modal interactions in multimodal models , Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 39, pages 21501--21509.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2025), Measuring cross-modal interactions in multimodal models , Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 39, pages 21501--21509

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:28.998121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea509a8f-81a8-4ea1-841b-d0e3a920b8e8 · outbound

This paper cites (2024), The impact of readability of risk disclosures in bond prospectuses on credit risk premium , Research in International Business and Finance, 70, 102310.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction (2024), The impact of readability of risk disclosures in bond prospectuses on credit risk premium , Research in International Business and Finance, 70, 102310

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:29.051158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07485328-2174-4c8b-89a8-478c3a415369 · outbound

This paper cites A Method for Evaluating the Interpretability of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Bond Default Risk Based on LIME and SHAP.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction A Method for Evaluating the Interpretability of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Bond Default Risk Based on LIME and SHAP

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:29.090174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b2a2164-4831-4830-a875-bb6f286de4e1 · outbound

This paper cites and Wei, X.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction and Wei, X

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:29.142864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec0cf2c5-5033-4f76-a893-9bd285c7c05e · outbound

This paper cites , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:29.219008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3c801323-c5ab-4a2e-ae8c-0888413bb7a5 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Why Bonds Fail Differently? Explainable Multimodal Learning for Multi-Class Default Prediction write newline

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:40:29.289127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.