Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.15234.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.15234 v2

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.808608Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T19:23:46.184189Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-10T23:00:50.533946Z

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved47
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d01d3dc1-1179-4df7-b8e3-99032c767350 · outbound

This paper cites Mishkin, J.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Mishkin, J

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:13.760156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46c1dee9-d73a-4046-99c8-3f58faef5624 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:13.854601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86085ab5-c5a5-4a38-82ff-26aadd70a092 · outbound

This paper cites Çallı, E.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Çallı, E

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:13.947915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e8642379-ba05-4890-ac54-893538e50fa0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.031940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5eaf43d6-aacd-4715-b312-689734d9fe3c · outbound

This paper cites Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddings.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddings

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.110141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc35852c-775a-4271-809f-6046fd411390 · outbound

This paper cites Boecking, N.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Boecking, N

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.226088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5aeb4cb3-edbe-4847-b00b-c921ea38fe02 · outbound

This paper cites Bannur, S.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Bannur, S

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.323123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11c3b678-5cf4-449d-bf78-e34e39acc0aa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.413261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1370ad1e-a9c6-45b5-9136-8cbc0775c8b9 · outbound

This paper cites Johnson, L.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Johnson, L

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.491403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a89927f7-59f9-4c1f-a155-25b5a2850c4c · outbound

This paper cites CheXpert Plus: Augmenting a Large Chest X-ray Dataset with Text Radiology Reports, Patient Demographics and Additional Image Formats.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays CheXpert Plus: Augmenting a Large Chest X-ray Dataset with Text Radiology Reports, Patient Demographics and Additional Image Formats

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.574804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a548834-b491-4783-ae3d-5689909b030e · outbound

This paper cites Bustos, A.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Bustos, A

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.697474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b13ae4c-cf54-4e8e-b547-dbe2946f4d6d · outbound

This paper cites Demner-Fushman, M.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Demner-Fushman, M

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.776531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ce10fec5-2717-4232-ad73-6adee0f3c208 · outbound

This paper cites LLM2Vec: Large Language Models Are Secretly Powerful Text Encoders.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays LLM2Vec: Large Language Models Are Secretly Powerful Text Encoders

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.837168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dd06970b-bde1-4b9e-bb63-8e253feb48f9 · outbound

This paper cites Huang, A.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Huang, A

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.895578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb3ff32e-61f6-4d81-8ed4-4bd584f370ef · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, H.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Zhang, H

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:14.966969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8b3db20-3bd1-4e2d-bb15-8cdb871990d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.036453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a09ab3f1-71d4-4da4-86a7-7dd712666221 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.113364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f36cddcc-627a-4cbd-a5ee-66005804b0ee · outbound

This paper cites BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairs.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairs

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.209923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45b0f36e-df49-4450-bd44-624cda12b6f3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.303494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16ba3e8b-b482-42c0-b29d-152ec49b0d3a · outbound

This paper cites ReXrank: A Public Leaderboard for AI-Powered Radiology Report Generation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays ReXrank: A Public Leaderboard for AI-Powered Radiology Report Generation

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.357777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f6de6b6-3ed6-4dea-967f-124c76fc5595 · outbound

This paper cites MAIRA-2: Grounded Radiology Report Generation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays MAIRA-2: Grounded Radiology Report Generation

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.413715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c2ae2297-0477-41fb-9c39-d175384f9aca · outbound

This paper cites A Vision-Language Foundation Model to Enhance Efficiency of Chest X-ray Interpretation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays A Vision-Language Foundation Model to Enhance Efficiency of Chest X-ray Interpretation

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.458286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95c7003b-c78e-42a3-a18a-2d5882a8fdae · outbound

This paper cites CheXbert: Combining Automatic Labelers and Expert Annotations for Accurate Radiology Report Labeling Using BERT.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays CheXbert: Combining Automatic Labelers and Expert Annotations for Accurate Radiology Report Labeling Using BERT

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.515018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e0f1394-c5d9-43b2-a6b7-3221ae2d6b94 · outbound

This paper cites RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reports.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reports

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.592440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 00b36930-3124-417f-8bac-b60aa8d21b55 · outbound

This paper cites GREEN: Generative Radiology Report Evaluation and Error Notation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays GREEN: Generative Radiology Report Evaluation and Error Notation

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.713278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee425e2c-9bd7-4ac8-a93e-06facaeccea7 · outbound

This paper cites NV-Embed: Improved Techniques for Training LLMs as Generalist Embedding Models.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays NV-Embed: Improved Techniques for Training LLMs as Generalist Embedding Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.820428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5501e52e-2cf8-42a7-aae0-636f7293b3ba · outbound

This paper cites LLM Embeddings for Deep Learning on Tabular Data.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays LLM Embeddings for Deep Learning on Tabular Data

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:15.905501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86c8d3c2-7555-4cae-bfae-aa6b103bbe9f · outbound

This paper cites NoteLLM-2: Multimodal Large Representation Models for Recommendation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays NoteLLM-2: Multimodal Large Representation Models for Recommendation

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.014946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5c9709c-47f3-4954-b0fe-718707e715e5 · outbound

This paper cites BMRetriever: Tuning Large Language Models as Better Biomedical Text Retrievers.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays BMRetriever: Tuning Large Language Models as Better Biomedical Text Retrievers

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.136080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37d74310-373f-480c-878c-7976674ae219 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.205021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d61d8552-6371-4882-804e-c5a68aa12952 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.292573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84c7cf7c-66c0-484d-8e7c-85b799b2a2d5 · outbound

This paper cites CheX-GPT: Harnessing Large Language Models for Enhanced Chest X-ray Report Labeling.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays CheX-GPT: Harnessing Large Language Models for Enhanced Chest X-ray Report Labeling

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.365797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fad01336-9d63-4983-84bd-97b968d8bf31 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.431907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4971dd82-4cd3-4a50-9234-5c81d1f6d36b · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.516585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66902a68-7887-4154-af9d-22ffa3caebd5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.637354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b009a6ea-7f87-4c37-9851-8c50da7343e6 · outbound

This paper cites RaTEScore: A Metric for Radiology Report Generation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays RaTEScore: A Metric for Radiology Report Generation

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.744838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 79ee6baf-0da5-4b4e-a451-0e7f9b70a8f1 · outbound

This paper cites LLM-RadJudge: Achieving Radiologist-Level Evaluation for X-Ray Report Generation.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays LLM-RadJudge: Achieving Radiologist-Level Evaluation for X-Ray Report Generation

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.871286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d8e16df2-dc1e-4a99-ad20-079c1bf65fb6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:16.971431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f110e60d-a0da-42cd-8325-366ddfb8ef95 · outbound

This paper cites Ko, C.-M.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Ko, C.-M

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.068218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 552f5260-574c-4067-82f7-84a2c165d737 · outbound

This paper cites Huang, L.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Huang, L

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.153491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2be127b3-4903-4de9-b588-f1771235a348 · outbound

This paper cites year old woman with spontaneous PTX // Assess for PTX or interval change s/p CT placed to WS.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays year old woman with spontaneous PTX // Assess for PTX or interval change s/p CT placed to WS

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.213180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3332d9b2-4890-41dd-8fe0-b1ba1965b081 · outbound

This paper cites mild”→“moderate.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays mild”→“moderate

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.324669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 304a9ffe-a742-4093-b3c4-126900f3c041 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.373407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e21688db-6dbc-47b6-897a-e69718c83edb · outbound

This paper cites Reticulonodular pattern.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Reticulonodular pattern

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.481988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c636bce7-074f-4714-a646-0a38765fcce9 · outbound

This paper cites left), distribution (upper lobes, lower lobes, basilar, etc.), severity (mild, moderate, severe), and comparisons to prior images.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays left), distribution (upper lobes, lower lobes, basilar, etc.), severity (mild, moderate, severe), and comparisons to prior images

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.595014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72daf0ef-1934-4cd6-92c8-49a482dafc8a · outbound

This paper cites Reticular opacity in BLLF.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays Reticular opacity in BLLF

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.722740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8764632c-c74c-4083-b822-c1867ce3d31f · outbound

This paper cites ‘json "gt.

Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays ‘json "gt

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:33:17.808608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 106b0a6f-4bbc-455c-a41c-2adab416592d · inbound

Temporal Inversion for Learning Interval Change in Chest X-Rays cites this paper.

Temporal Inversion for Learning Interval Change in Chest X-Rays Exploring the Capabilities of Large Language Model Encoders for Image-Text Retrieval in Chest X-rays

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-02T03:04:34.366844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.