Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.22143.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.22143 v2

Coverage vector

measured 34 of 34 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.612934Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-31T22:02:33.259511Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T20:46:13.418592Z

Reference resolution

34 of 34 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy10
unresolved22
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a2f124b2-6361-4b96-a55d-6354ecd6fcc1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.498827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2bc5cdc7-9555-4c81-bf76-5fe5f2d7ceeb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.488688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e35c402e-6de1-4835-897e-fd4eb3760e94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.477696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 67f41887-4d6f-42ad-9df6-0b34a3495e1d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.466934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation cb4dfc4a-f52a-469a-a305-60aa24b525c4 · outbound

This paper cites foundation/t/timeboost-risk-analysis/26789, accessed August 2025.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost foundation/t/timeboost-risk-analysis/26789, accessed August 2025

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.455940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 62f19414-0813-42ee-98be-a8250d1f727f · outbound

This paper cites In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 28th Interna- tional Conference, FC 2024, Willemstad, Curaçao, March 4–8, 2024, Revised Selected Papers, Part I.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 28th Interna- tional Conference, FC 2024, Willemstad, Curaçao, March 4–8, 2024, Revised Selected Papers, Part I

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.672247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 844d782e-5a19-4a54-8134-3211cb1eaea0 · outbound

This paper cites In: 33rd USENIX Security Sym- posium (USENIX Security 24).

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: 33rd USENIX Security Sym- posium (USENIX Security 24)

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.442622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation da505424-391e-40fe-b0ce-61bbd7ddbb67 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2020) An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum’s Timeboost 17.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2020) An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum’s Timeboost 17

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.431972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ffa09f1e-4e2c-4666-bcc3-b497cffda029 · outbound

This paper cites In: 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21).

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21)

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.421075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1a5f3edf-8283-4d6b-b422-a1a1ddb96f08 · outbound

This paper cites In: Pro- ceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Commu- nications Security.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Pro- ceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Commu- nications Security

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.526434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81174a9b-2c0b-461c-887c-22b231a4b58b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.399733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7997d4ea-ca85-44fa-974a-da14951cb605 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.387389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8a87d233-d918-4020-b2a0-5a8f0b3be6bc · outbound

This paper cites MEV Capture Through Time-Advantaged Arbitrage.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost MEV Capture Through Time-Advantaged Arbitrage

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.536752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 308c42a7-e1f9-4399-bd20-9bf20306f003 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.375464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 997c782b-1ae8-47db-a662-c544bb35d072 · outbound

This paper cites In: Leonar- dos, S., Alfieri, E., Knottenbelt, W.J., Pardalos, P.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Leonar- dos, S., Alfieri, E., Knottenbelt, W.J., Pardalos, P

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.363235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 09afb728-6f98-4f55-8f2d-bcf517bde95f · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.547936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90908404-eeab-40bb-bae8-0fbeb7c84613 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2024 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP).

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: 2024 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.551405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aec4011d-d58e-4d6a-af91-f0cd7991bde3 · outbound

This paper cites com/resources/economics/vickrey-auction/, accessed August 2025.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost com/resources/economics/vickrey-auction/, accessed August 2025

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.351665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2ac4e8b0-95c4-4f0b-98a1-16a512c06d30 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.339353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8bf65b5b-7eba-4f84-9a42-138a988a71fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.327842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c4d1cd3b-13b5-4115-9208-cfe8be69f7df · outbound

This paper cites In: 27th USENIX Security Symposium (2018).

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: 27th USENIX Security Symposium (2018)

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.317084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9ea39c2f-3401-4db1-b2e6-a18786fb7f3b · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Con- ference on Computer and Communications Security.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Con- ference on Computer and Communications Security

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.568227Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cdde2ccf-d80b-4fe4-aad5-cfad67adefa3 · outbound

This paper cites In: Micciancio, D., Ristenpart, T.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Micciancio, D., Ristenpart, T

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.306197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9cb75d9d-f642-415a-9827-eb19452bf9c4 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.578770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f7b1e0e-ede9-4c86-984d-a683970d4fd0 · outbound

This paper cites Bidding for Transaction Ordering.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Bidding for Transaction Ordering

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.582138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3eb50f08-77fe-4f3b-9c35-460a481d3103 · outbound

This paper cites In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 27th International Conference, FC 2023, Bol, Brač, Croatia, May 1–5, 2023, Revised Selected Papers, Part II.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 27th International Conference, FC 2023, Bol, Brač, Croatia, May 1–5, 2023, Revised Selected Papers, Part II

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.644121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation be70ec0a-3cd6-450f-9c16-892dace708d7 · outbound

This paper cites In: Bernhard, M., Bracciali, A., Gudgeon, L., Haines, T., Klages-Mundt, A., Matsuo, S., Perez, D., Sala, M., Werner, S.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Bernhard, M., Bracciali, A., Gudgeon, L., Haines, T., Klages-Mundt, A., Matsuo, S., Perez, D., Sala, M., Werner, S

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.282120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7a67e339-612c-4c83-b018-d9492ebc9ec6 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.599378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b042135c-7f0f-41d4-9e00-4565906e2d08 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.602820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0f4ccb9-4d26-4456-8e8a-607265c853cb · outbound

This paper cites In: Borisov, N., Diaz, C.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Borisov, N., Diaz, C

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.268108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e96b1d06-ebcd-4628-be9f-8be4b18e8e58 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.609855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15d8dc24-6539-4813-9137-2124eaa95d10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:17.612934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4352538c-3da3-4e45-bdd5-93c41a395b93 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 1359

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.410950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 700d506b-0f5e-44dc-a303-e99a4afe6115 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost Unresolved cited work

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:48:18.293622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 97828af0-5164-4bde-b572-c44e99dff077 · inbound

To Wait or To Probe: Arbitrage Competition on High-Throughput Blockchains cites this paper.

To Wait or To Probe: Arbitrage Competition on High-Throughput Blockchains The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-22T03:21:59.320163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7041005a-9b77-4021-a266-d3b3e18eb9e9 · inbound

There Will Be Spam: Characterizing State-Invariant Transactions and Speculative MEV cites this paper.

There Will Be Spam: Characterizing State-Invariant Transactions and Speculative MEV The Express Lane to Spam and Centralization: An Empirical Analysis of Arbitrum's Timeboost

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T22:02:33.259511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.