Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2601.02580.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2601.02580 v2

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.824037Z

measured 39 of 39 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved38
parse uncertain1
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation 8e2e57c0-42c7-44b6-bf11-1315f57877da · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:10.101100Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 339fa724-d86e-4187-85f1-103325ff5636 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 3 Model Card.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Llama 3 Model Card

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:10.288160Z

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Observation cca45937-af92-4b5a-90ca-9c00d6e21801 · outbound

This paper cites The Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Educational Measurement: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models The Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Educational Measurement: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:10.441794Z

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Observation b681e763-167f-4678-a4c3-61edbe2358ca · outbound

This paper cites Item Difficulty and Response Time Prediction with Large Language Models: An Empirical Analysis of USMLE Items.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Item Difficulty and Response Time Prediction with Large Language Models: An Empirical Analysis of USMLE Items

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:10.596795Z

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Observation 1f11385f-7cdf-4a4d-87fd-49fe9aae695a · outbound

This paper cites QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:10088–10115, December 2023.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:10088–10115, December 2023

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:10.781965Z

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Observation 0ae6284c-690f-4c0b-bf13-02085219cf44 · outbound

This paper cites Prompt Engineering with ChatGPT: A Guide for Academic Writers.Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 51(12):2629–2633, December 2023.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Prompt Engineering with ChatGPT: A Guide for Academic Writers.Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 51(12):2629–2633, December 2023

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.125169Z

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Observation 83d65d4b-8246-4da0-92d1-2831ea57c8bd · outbound

This paper cites Hambleton, Hariharan Swaminathan, and H.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Hambleton, Hariharan Swaminathan, and H

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.231182Z

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Observation 28f0b3bf-9744-43d3-8250-a61c76add9d5 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.281235Z

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Observation d44ca383-c527-406e-b9cb-d951c59d22b5 · outbound

This paper cites Item Diffi- culty Modeling Using Fine-Tuned Small and Large Language Models.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Item Diffi- culty Modeling Using Fine-Tuned Small and Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.325413Z

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Observation b46ab865-0fa4-4e05-9172-1c8ea1d18bcc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.381004Z

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Observation a54d6565-b10c-43d5-a7dd-af1b056923e4 · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.523998Z

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Observation 2d8acf9c-b6c0-40ec-a74f-90785aecaad2 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.608854Z

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Observation 667749d6-3d1a-44b9-b885-26cd7bb0738f · outbound

This paper cites Automated Text Scoring in the Age of Generative AI for the GPU-poor.Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation, 5(3), December 2024.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Automated Text Scoring in the Age of Generative AI for the GPU-poor.Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation, 5(3), December 2024

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.665113Z

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Observation 5f11c86c-f3a5-446c-843c-3a5ff9229493 · outbound

This paper cites Argumentation Element Annotation Modeling using XLNet.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Argumentation Element Annotation Modeling using XLNet

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.718201Z

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Observation 8fab748f-2406-4acb-9c77-70761254b308 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.806506Z

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Observation c285c565-5a73-4a25-b9c4-b064c473f4c8 · outbound

This paper cites Text-Based Ap- proaches to Item Difficulty Modeling in Large-Scale Assessments: A Systematic Review, September.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Text-Based Ap- proaches to Item Difficulty Modeling in Large-Scale Assessments: A Systematic Review, September

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.925242Z

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Observation 9967d96a-128a-4bc3-8b66-142d4c4475b7 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Language Under- standing by Generative Pre-training, 2018.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Improving Language Under- standing by Generative Pre-training, 2018

Reference 18

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Observation 0d0f0a79-b555-48ba-88a4-290f9630929b · outbound

This paper cites MESA Press, 5835 S,.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models MESA Press, 5835 S,

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.179587Z

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Observation df23e513-a87b-4961-965f-3eb3e8d5ec87 · outbound

This paper cites Language models and Automated Essay Scoring.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Language models and Automated Essay Scoring

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.368716Z

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Observation 4f5206a7-7fdf-40bb-870f-b82b7af86737 · outbound

This paper cites LaFlair, Yena Park, and Jacqueline Church.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models LaFlair, Yena Park, and Jacqueline Church

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.448701Z

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Observation f838a0a8-2a08-499a-92be-314d05d0d64d · outbound

This paper cites SMART: Simulated Students Aligned with Item Response Theory for Question Difficulty Prediction, September 2025.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models SMART: Simulated Students Aligned with Item Response Theory for Question Difficulty Prediction, September 2025

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.536760Z

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Observation b4d99bb1-6199-4d3f-9621-cbf5d1d385db · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.590256Z

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Observation f021194a-708f-4459-8587-35882b2e3ec8 · outbound

This paper cites DSPy Assertions: Computational Constraints for Self-Refining Language Model Pipelines.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models DSPy Assertions: Computational Constraints for Self-Refining Language Model Pipelines

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.612884Z

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Observation 17d7a722-e9e4-4431-bec0-dc68ec931ae9 · outbound

This paper cites Dhamecha, Swarnadeep Saha, Tengfei Ma, V.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Dhamecha, Swarnadeep Saha, Tengfei Ma, V

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.705931Z

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Observation 5d02685e-7249-457c-8ea4-000f0461908d · outbound

This paper cites Attention is All you Need.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Attention is All you Need

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.804794Z

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Observation e677c2c5-b179-4a58-b482-81c73dcd46f5 · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.879185Z

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Observation 46190640-b95b-4675-a18b-a8a9add2974c · outbound

This paper cites Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.959685Z

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Observation 1c605851-c43a-4ffb-b1de-8914a8557d8f · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.023195Z

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Observation c96a1bf2-3cf9-459a-a945-f7502ea0fddf · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models, January.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models, January

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.101767Z

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Observation 38861806-a42b-4c26-b22b-b6f5fe5a7c1d · outbound

This paper cites Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessment.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessment

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.304483Z

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Observation cfd2239a-454a-4c58-98af-d0d281ea66f0 · outbound

This paper cites Findings from the First Shared Task on Automated Prediction of Difficulty and Response Time for Multiple-Choice Questions.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Findings from the First Shared Task on Automated Prediction of Difficulty and Response Time for Multiple-Choice Questions

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.413810Z

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Observation 22fff32e-7797-44d8-9481-a5c712715cc9 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report, May.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Qwen3 Technical Report, May

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.490518Z

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Observation e64fedfc-dd96-4fd7-b8ab-15083664c571 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.713741Z

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Observation 603e4b0c-dbd4-4326-8076-32c1faa1abe0 · outbound

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Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Critical

Reference 35

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Observation fbcb8f0b-3c3f-4b58-b041-3ba220281b4a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Qwen3 Technical Report

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.602426Z

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Observation 7f5ac29f-726d-45ff-8bb5-29b3286b7b02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1993

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.283624Z

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Observation 28643140-207e-410b-bcbe-3aee1455ef91 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:11.012966Z

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Observation f9b5e2e1-885d-4e29-8a0b-54966e27caca · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:13.158343Z

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Observation b04fd2d8-a6c7-4ac8-a57a-5a81f22f49b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reconstructing Item Characteristic Curves using Fine-Tuned Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T12:36:12.031499Z

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Pith citing papers

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