Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2601.13881.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2601.13881 v2

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.886381Z

measured 51 of 51 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T15:57:18.998465Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T10:59:45.578049Z

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved47
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 484078bc-4e49-4848-8318-8d77c9f2a0d1 · outbound

This paper cites This is the only step performed on quantum hardware; the following steps are clas- sical.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization This is the only step performed on quantum hardware; the following steps are clas- sical

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.323986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 641d4f9b-48fe-4092-bcf1-565b14c76f00 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.369597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a060ed2-5882-4a7c-aba6-26e10ca32866 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.433354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 740d3cde-f051-455b-ae99-3d210fc873a4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.571584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 951db047-6019-4537-92ed-d7417046f4e9 · outbound

This paper cites , vc}corresponding to the largest eigen- values [34].

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization , vc}corresponding to the largest eigen- values [34]

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.669308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29a9b8b1-45a0-4158-b76a-a72fe40d418e · outbound

This paper cites Denote the resulting quantity byX kl(m), wherem now represents the frequency index.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Denote the resulting quantity byX kl(m), wherem now represents the frequency index

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.766829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6f476b7-5ad1-46d8-8914-6a0a5e922f4c · outbound

This paper cites Peaks inλ(m) correspond to the energy gaps of the Hamiltonian.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Peaks inλ(m) correspond to the energy gaps of the Hamiltonian

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.874351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f2cca98-8129-44f7-b117-93ab68f9cb6e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.804161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8ff7d323-d9d6-4366-96fe-697c63af6f80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.885278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 21647975-b9a3-4777-977f-dc8c6f0cdab2 · outbound

This paper cites 1 M MX m=1 Esh.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization 1 M MX m=1 Esh

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.969772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c3addb8-9b6d-48da-b72a-1daa99092cc9 · outbound

This paper cites Since theMcircuit samples are independent and iden- tically distributed, the total variance is Var[⟨ ˆO⟩] = 1 M Var[Ym].

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Since theMcircuit samples are independent and iden- tically distributed, the total variance is Var[⟨ ˆO⟩] = 1 M Var[Ym]

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.065741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2bbdf04-d9d6-4f06-9862-daede97180f0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.196168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b8d50dd2-fac6-421a-b966-f1b5eb7fb1bd · outbound

This paper cites Sachdev,Quantum Phase Transitions, 2nd ed.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Sachdev,Quantum Phase Transitions, 2nd ed

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.141345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eebf7919-a737-41b3-985c-6afd30d81df6 · outbound

This paper cites The analytic expression of the coefficients in Eq.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization The analytic expression of the coefficients in Eq

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:22.264464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74d2569a-cc59-4e89-b56e-cdae48d95235 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.222407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8339803f-81c5-470b-955e-a67566ddb761 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.295590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9be8976e-1a42-4164-9ab4-c7d0df22437f · outbound

This paper cites Lloyd, Universal quantum simulators, Science273, 1073 (1996).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Lloyd, Universal quantum simulators, Science273, 1073 (1996)

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.371141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe4d000c-78b1-4ccd-bc0a-621355395935 · outbound

This paper cites Myths around quantum computation before full fault tolerance: What no-go theorems rule out and what they don't.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Myths around quantum computation before full fault tolerance: What no-go theorems rule out and what they don't

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.515013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37fd1429-86f9-455b-93db-8fd3af55cb5b · outbound

This paper cites Babbush, R.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Babbush, R

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.612927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e7c7a94-7182-4896-b706-9f8c95b81836 · outbound

This paper cites Quantum measurements and the Abelian Stabilizer Problem.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Quantum measurements and the Abelian Stabilizer Problem

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.678109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9faa73d4-36c7-42a4-a6f0-7ab01e6cef48 · outbound

This paper cites Predicting Many Properties of a Quantum System from Very Few Measurements.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Predicting Many Properties of a Quantum System from Very Few Measurements

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:23.933509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 189dd6f9-74c1-4a54-88e8-f12f4d70bd31 · outbound

This paper cites Jnane, J.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Jnane, J

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.010703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74b5de24-379d-4e80-b04d-32d2f615c9d6 · outbound

This paper cites Kiumi and B.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Kiumi and B

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.157033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1474b015-08a0-4566-a0a9-6272f196555c · outbound

This paper cites Koczor, J.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Koczor, J

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.220827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 420b76b4-d1bd-40a8-9466-c5cef1c6c697 · outbound

This paper cites Koczor, Sparse probabilistic synthesis of quantum op- erations, PRX Quantum5, 040352 (2024).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Koczor, Sparse probabilistic synthesis of quantum op- erations, PRX Quantum5, 040352 (2024)

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.291142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9629138-e3fb-4199-8124-218eece805ca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.346944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f608c070-f6b9-4c1f-b2a1-aa2fba4f2041 · outbound

This paper cites Gilchrist, N.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Gilchrist, N

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.434729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a582eef-c648-456f-b53b-9b607c4550ce · outbound

This paper cites Suzuki, Fractal decomposition of exponential opera- tors with applications to many-body theories and monte carlo simulations, Physics Letters A146, 319 (1990).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Suzuki, Fractal decomposition of exponential opera- tors with applications to many-body theories and monte carlo simulations, Physics Letters A146, 319 (1990)

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.524166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eee22297-66a2-4fc2-9042-043935d36d1b · outbound

This paper cites Suzuki, General theory of fractal path integrals with applications to many-body theories and statistical physics, Journal of Mathematical Physics32, 400 (1991).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Suzuki, General theory of fractal path integrals with applications to many-body theories and statistical physics, Journal of Mathematical Physics32, 400 (1991)

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.596393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82f875c4-97d6-4a0a-b6ab-f482ef1bd529 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.771874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f497ec3a-f312-4f61-8e55-0774a491bd50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.871737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4bfa097-f2c2-4cc1-b70f-b99d65a4877a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:24.982500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7006039f-04c9-412f-875a-c98b15321777 · outbound

This paper cites Pfeuty, The one-dimensional Ising model with a trans- verse field, Annals of Physics57, 79 (1970).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Pfeuty, The one-dimensional Ising model with a trans- verse field, Annals of Physics57, 79 (1970)

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.092692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad4a9e35-59b2-430e-8e70-0bc0137f3bc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.183951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82e8e0fb-c5a4-40b9-a1a7-f0e5bb3706ec · outbound

This paper cites Temme, S.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Temme, S

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.277121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cfa822f7-30f3-4954-9170-136fd889942f · outbound

This paper cites Jnane, J.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Jnane, J

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.442143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ff8c3691-3f3e-4cb1-81bd-5891d089ba3f · outbound

This paper cites Koczor, J.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Koczor, J

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-03T09:34:04.257333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 97901388-82bf-4657-ab1d-80ec4bd7d7e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.743281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7df2b92a-0a90-457d-8aeb-e7720904c992 · outbound

This paper cites Constructing a virtual two-qubit gate by sampling single-qubit operations.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Constructing a virtual two-qubit gate by sampling single-qubit operations

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.859303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed98f41f-f308-4ea6-b4e9-2a0cfc02b9dc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:25.967436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f5c3e084-67ce-496d-a4dd-b596608de4a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.094011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97a1c301-f9ab-45bd-9644-dc615ca04910 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.257870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 984a2ff6-b90f-4087-bcfc-dd7f164dca0a · outbound

This paper cites Bronson and G.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Bronson and G

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.398149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b36589b9-eae1-444a-99cb-3a62468c9d68 · outbound

This paper cites Takahashi,Thermodynamics of One-Dimensional Solvable Models(Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Takahashi,Thermodynamics of One-Dimensional Solvable Models(Cambridge University Press, 1999)

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.527015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5edabd9-2423-4d40-be77-20691bc78aa8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.571125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13ed9c33-ae5d-48ec-a1a5-0ac90ffd7f3c · outbound

This paper cites Bethe, Zur theorie der metalle, Zeitschrift f¨ ur Physik 71, 205 (1931).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Bethe, Zur theorie der metalle, Zeitschrift f¨ ur Physik 71, 205 (1931)

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.730962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 344cc255-4576-44ac-bf05-e54cf3694700 · outbound

This paper cites Hulth´ en, ¨Uber das austauschproblem eines kristalls, Arkiv f¨ ur Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik26A, 1 (1938).

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization Hulth´ en, ¨Uber das austauschproblem eines kristalls, Arkiv f¨ ur Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik26A, 1 (1938)

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.827739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c53c95f-9fa6-463c-8110-d12a1cbd5844 · outbound

This paper cites des Cloizeaux and J.

Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization des Cloizeaux and J

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:28:26.886381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 23cb45a5-3f9b-43fc-9f17-addc7ee77d53 · inbound

Adiabatic Error Cancellation in Berry Phase Estimation cites this paper.

Adiabatic Error Cancellation in Berry Phase Estimation Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-07T03:17:16.741150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f99b80c5-87c3-484b-a6cf-d4972789c281 · inbound

Adiabatic Error Cancellation in Berry Phase Estimation cites this paper.

Adiabatic Error Cancellation in Berry Phase Estimation Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T15:57:18.998465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f52de2d-70a8-4114-b0fd-8cd147b753d6 · inbound

Structure-Aware Variance Reduction for Unbiased Randomized Hamiltonian Simulation cites this paper.

Structure-Aware Variance Reduction for Unbiased Randomized Hamiltonian Simulation Low-Resource Quantum Energy Gap Estimation via Randomization

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-07T03:17:16.741150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.