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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models

As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 19 of 19 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.02485.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.02485 v1

Coverage vector

measured 19 of 19 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z

measured 20 of 20 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-31T02:42:29.751299Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

19 of 19 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy6
  • unresolved11
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a975cf72-1579-4813-a579-2c33f2103769 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.801333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:a1d8f5c2dec8ecff7e0f813a72ca08642189918771b3fbbe95336d92e95bcc30

Observation 59cde2e5-2010-499a-9482-788ba0aac1fb · outbound

This paper cites c is prime.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models c is prime

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.799962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:2bced0223e8ff517a308764c185713f50abb77323adc45ab63d4af9689ea32a8

Observation dcbeb4eb-6c07-43cd-9fc4-12e3ad49924a · outbound

This paper cites all numbers above (or below) 50.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models all numbers above (or below) 50

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.807379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:d9e6c860837170c375a09a5a7783a19ee70ce176e23cac3180d54c5b09d3c450

Observation 7fbca778-b1dc-4bf5-b4a6-a5df8f148e14 · outbound

This paper cites DAX:”, “DAX is.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models DAX:”, “DAX is

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.805669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:e116e63d7060927af6245bdf7cd8fd7e0bf0e1f9c659cc697930813816714b71

Observation 911bc7be-6382-4aa8-89ba-dee7d77c9363 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.804234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:e088db19ec40046ee01bd34f4ab7312456e889404c529ec1ae9dacf68e0e53a0

Observation 472fe48f-b937-4a27-8e35-e20e75f7f3d8 · outbound

This paper cites {announced rule}.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models {announced rule}

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.795503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:ecdb1c48a10a258a47749a6d61e3dc00230eee596afad36208cdf2e997675a1c

Observation b5fff524-b929-4d6a-936c-a972d4837f65 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.798528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:5015087597ea1f39cc658952aa9d0c4d746f9c3b2b7b712f27e2f034b18c5203

Observation 46e26e7e-0e10-4fa9-a50c-9f5984c1f8d0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.789069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:b7a9aa3ebc73160bce662aff408e67d055aa9c26a7cd1c65e1e097aa18051fcf

Observation cc4ddf91-4f1b-49e4-aee9-f87a9784199c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.787518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:715f547f64f504ac4f170520279e3fe21362dd21db315cd0b2394b3463864c47

Observation 6a9dd4e9-8fee-48ab-8155-28b01d4f827a · outbound

This paper cites prime”, “square.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models prime”, “square

Reference 10

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.792437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:87a12ac20dcb3ff22f355979820afa52a5eafba4102747a7ea43ab63b870b305

Observation f27c44ed-df91-4625-943d-a13dbc4dec8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.793917Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:e77082b19c2f1576f273d95656d42f48f74edf5e85302b6a32c4129a4a531b42

Observation 72776b02-260d-4a1a-99b0-dd482621cf80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.797057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:9919e386614373fa4ce9b7e9ce6da30c9d339cd813808e86c8ef9a0f252e04df

Observation 4c928382-1565-48f8-9738-217233166886 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.802806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:7ed5a577e746101b3a4d3eda2f07e03c05261949c2aa82d69db9cc924a4b617e

Observation a5f2ebac-64e4-425d-b094-482f6c169e28 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.790874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:1a4a66fffe078f3e58288a10fc7d185a01b7fc6dd71b34d1e3076739109e5ddc

Observation 6fc05404-784d-4f95-8df2-3e1d4760fa64 · outbound

This paper cites object N.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models object N

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.813482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:9f66e7955cea209346b3dae7c9638cdba26dd49afbe2a7341e3a529fc1b9f562

Observation a1ef3864-4d87-48d6-9b9d-306f584691d1 · outbound

This paper cites - The agent may say ”relevant objects are ...” OR directly name the correct objects; both are acceptable.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models - The agent may say ”relevant objects are ...” OR directly name the correct objects; both are acceptable

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.808964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:767e0a8261be4bd7efe0757242ee8b3224f9ec8d28ef490916a2f3ca1678e1cf

Observation 64c6a326-c89b-48c1-969d-69b2bf2e5357 · outbound

This paper cites object i.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models object i

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.391628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:6ab62670e08f1af5edad4991d9dfad5f21dd48259ce01995c8627b26f6398ecc

Observation 9e7e8e94-dee5-4056-94d8-14360570ab19 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.810504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:543837f19362801494e4901d07be98e356570adf0040b3349bab8daebd4b178d

Observation ee70408b-ff6b-4c86-872e-11301a871844 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.811942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:3001dcf41fbb054d4ce9ec041d8b4a2a17c9ac098af26a5681ca7b32a76c8e8c

Pith citing papers

Observation 87975114-e67b-4e7b-af79-18fb81227fc6 · inbound

CogEEGAgent: Toward Autonomous Cognitive EEG Analysis with Grounded Execution and Selection-Aware Verification cites this paper.

CogEEGAgent: Toward Autonomous Cognitive EEG Analysis with Grounded Execution and Selection-Aware Verification Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T02:42:29.751299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-07-31T02:42:29.751299Z digest=sha256:9ccd14f0f29f6079fb560821fb65b80e0a2f84cb0be2517ca6139237b55cffd5