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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 68 of 68 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.27790.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.27790 v1

Coverage vector

measured 68 of 68 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z

measured 69 of 69 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T03:00:02.279815Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

68 of 68 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact23
  • verified fuzzy2
  • unresolved34
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier6
  • metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 957bf6e3-cd4d-4799-bd55-0ae853f0646e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.500430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:4c531b5bf9cfb67da8bc16a5149876e21d78a92f13726febe2129ee6404f7ed7

Observation d2abfb1f-7daf-4ef0-a6df-67ddf8c03213 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.020478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:60459154ff7ef630f434399af053275d0551e843a7751e9280877f5c9c0aba5e

Observation 262e4d7b-308d-4564-8fa1-c8515032d41d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.022623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:6ffc8d275cf5fa9837a5ac5f8335f7709072acbd5bf05cfad6b3916de7a4b7c8

Observation ba85cb0f-ccd1-43bb-94f6-d32f01c02794 · outbound

This paper cites de Vries.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews de Vries

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.479528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c63f13dd91d40ba37b3d460d8bacdf10fa739edcd0686d8a1b22713d11242c51

Observation 90d0cd08-e996-4bc4-92d5-e2fd74bcbe76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.031713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:579f20b953a1f0b3eff686f91e1cfb5e5f01233f8b0e1e52fbb7ce4b63e51f6e

Observation ee2479b9-755c-431c-8fcd-00586b1aa9ab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.047503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:5858e621247c8a897cffd39cd503946b78dfc0304927fcb81ae921527d2d20fb

Observation 97f0157d-9909-42bb-97a1-af75c7d3e05f · outbound

This paper cites Lakshmi, R.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Lakshmi, R

Reference 7

Resolution
malformed identifier
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.997503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:49e0902160a73c313dfbdc659be07135be3cc6feb5ea0b1e4632d76b7239e8c4

Observation 95449b51-979d-4109-a42f-907fe6cc2c91 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.049703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:dfa590f7b12423f73ef247245a23a09ce310edd728d6a12c68b8097249bbaafc

Observation ca39228c-20ba-4723-88dd-6b9bd7b8dd02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.037446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c7adbbeb89e7af37db007e0c520c1315c29cfc69a673f9b82d0846fa2b5c9a7b

Observation afbaec25-994f-4184-befa-9c6247ca2c2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.517234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:142c6875c61676feade1923c85160721d629c9501a6f88456f7df31ccb135f10

Observation 3efd6f1b-185a-4bd7-a3e4-6a23ce4b9cc2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.104952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:792f86bd05f10ae1264d2b2ab24ad2ed953031929f71b75f43521d60017992ac

Observation d820ebcd-71d1-4df7-92f2-7882db25082f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.109802Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:5dd17d0b8118120ea87dd5e64c7d05b88dfc182e67fd15da63b2860279086e13

Observation 76245853-5b04-40da-9632-c7913fb64c04 · outbound

This paper cites Generative Engine Optimization: How to Dominate AI Search.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Generative Engine Optimization: How to Dominate AI Search

Reference 13

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.978065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7825a2bcc98111944be448c2c80f355635046f4fb3dce1f2126cac74c06ee371

Observation 307f573f-b735-41b5-b331-5f6336fa287f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.085761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:9355c11917862ad1c6d0b8ac47cdc34d251967116db62f9f7b6d65196cbc3769

Observation deb532ca-b975-454c-9190-55208c4c9de7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.090214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:1f4b7e402e23b20c11082c4542eda9a2bdc9ccd037d59a8eda43b83922d44e19

Observation 50581f64-4d97-4d1d-9e4f-402d0f18ca22 · outbound

This paper cites ORCAS: 18 Million Clicked Query-Document Pairs for Analyzing Search.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews ORCAS: 18 Million Clicked Query-Document Pairs for Analyzing Search

Reference 16

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.954405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:e041f7bf8ee6a9292b3e1551d0b661b064d7d9ae8beb5275d74910a610912a35

Observation 390e0199-dcfe-49b1-bf0d-0404544fe7fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.546797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:b0223e0353aaeadb064d72d463e0662a82ca7dc22ce89d306f24185345263cfa

Observation 0958f1ae-d88a-45f9-bc6c-d8cfd5163901 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.506876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:309027caffb53dd1eebe56bd2a05072939e07466ba8abffb0bcb456c5f4c2125

Observation 3356b4de-8923-4354-80a2-9934e25ecd63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.102382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:00fb6b552a4b6ee595ebbb2a3fe31abf286644d781683d07a49c66666b58d6fb

Observation 18f0f2f8-a869-4ffe-9834-0d9686a16833 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(Barcelona Spain, 2024-08-25).

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews InProceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(Barcelona Spain, 2024-08-25)

Reference 20

Resolution
metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.539018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:be2081fca0cb4dbb3dbd78dcd57cfd2068963354bb238492461b4f622bcac7d4

Observation fc033939-4110-472e-be99-2a09d95715e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
malformed identifier
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.986325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:3a727bcdc57ff73ad5650baa84cee3491eb0ffede151ab0d804059bf0e8d84d1

Observation 24a2656a-e555-4c33-be8d-8bead3f78e94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.568886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7c75e3288d983546383a74532509d8e4e5e2effe1b33907db9d3bd7e05b79a74

Observation 31094d86-1c37-412d-964b-978f089b82e4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
malformed identifier
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.982174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:aba64040e158f50e296124fab007435da201af65bb8a54714f9c14a780611826

Observation 8e07eeb9-a597-465f-a340-2efa9d210c5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.074246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:359914849263d024a49876cc895603956bf23b02f8f6108e5e2407f28fb2c4af

Observation ab08bd61-ed34-4f8d-8cbe-5de1dbd972be · outbound

This paper cites ELI5: Long Form Question Answering.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews ELI5: Long Form Question Answering

Reference 25

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.958390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:46d95b97a74de137177c64b1c0c7a52b066f608a59b4b8021331558d39d6002e

Observation 95ba6df8-0c41-4a6f-ae52-6686a557cc2b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.076742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:bf4c5a25c47ce026c9266545b2d6477681864ef26a844d6910ea7687cc3c9372

Observation 0ab268f6-35e3-4da2-9408-8f171cdcefbc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.079029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c54cc17e64d6e8539bf9a3e8b55b0c4bd432ed8073928f43c9b2113984e6f729

Observation 7f700121-baa6-4119-9d82-e6f8231fb4cc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.094476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:eaf108e9f4f4ac3a096779cfec4f694e68e21a538b2c01862398fa56efa17864

Observation 78487750-d852-4474-a511-ad597b687910 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.107601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:05b8f90a9f88a7d087981e4333c3bc2565c82913fdbfa0139d7edcc3fe836df8

Observation cfbd9187-3b60-4bc9-9697-70262c3e5199 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.066360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:9eb0ca04675fb1688ccc18b6d2ab381089f211a60fbcd051a6ce17050ee64fa5

Observation 397ab0ae-c01b-4408-b273-f6bc64867c46 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.096799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:2f1ec7ed6f0bdc91d1a019ba3e29268afb253b10746d058254f2dd6575715407

Observation 7e2d5239-c318-4c41-b436-5b36a6e1fccd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.072141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:4182e9503496f9546b6cd9638e5828927cedfe2d5b3c9fa1c1edde04d0e78488

Observation 21655f94-91f7-4725-9765-c07aa70bd3ca · outbound

This paper cites Characterizing Web Search in The Age of Generative AI.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Characterizing Web Search in The Age of Generative AI

Reference 33

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-02T03:04:01.593570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:85de320e667efd334734508913e4208c55ed673d9b3d26dec2215705f65cd1a2

Observation 35cd5dce-6d91-4d78-b297-b657d2d5641a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.061066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:afe93627a0c9c76970b9f2e78cba7f9f7962cc9543e7f12ff35e5cd4ad7f2214

Observation a9caf9d8-408a-4cf7-b127-548ce172276a · outbound

This paper cites 2020.24267.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews 2020.24267

Reference 35

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.562765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation f7bd014d-0b44-4cdb-b95d-6b30aca21aa7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.560556Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 4c2d0dcd-5d67-47f7-985a-91449a9c4a6b · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating verifiability in generative search engines.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Evaluating verifiability in generative search engines

Reference 37

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.542161Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:11818eb500769cb55efb85339baf968943a46348123ca9fa20f540ada823868e

Observation ca92a940-650c-4c7c-ac5c-8bad5da4b85c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.034157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:872872acafd5142689ce004e8b935803de71ded2f27a2a5ace6cf3005fed45e1

Observation 642e50cb-dcce-4a26-8a9e-09563080e716 · outbound

This paper cites Grégoire Mialon, Clémentine Fourrier, Craig Swift, Thomas Wolf, Yann LeCun, and Thomas Scialom.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Grégoire Mialon, Clémentine Fourrier, Craig Swift, Thomas Wolf, Yann LeCun, and Thomas Scialom

Reference 39

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7f85c3093af5a7649fa5cac73b3fa2012dc5285960b4f85de7d0b1dd79b1bc56

Observation 2061312c-6f34-410d-ac7f-9acf51f59c92 · outbound

This paper cites Grynbaum.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Grynbaum

Reference 40

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.099412Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:9aaf38d0b667b4c422d14053890ce00f3b121cc2b775f4c06de98aedfb76a652

Observation 7849cc50-94b5-49a0-87cc-3205074d607e · outbound

This paper cites Auditing LLM Editorial Bias in News Media Exposure.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Auditing LLM Editorial Bias in News Media Exposure

Reference 41

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-05T01:14:30.447913Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:2ab41a7f6beabb839afcd9380b7d551b7d2ebb3638bf6b4dd5ede1949c8c8c41

Observation c281090b-7b7b-4fa7-be76-ec5330470e80 · outbound

This paper cites It’s not a representation of me.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews It’s not a representation of me

Reference 42

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.966674Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:e21843305189453080f2832417d1eae6a6c4e1a6ff62eae7065b886d1c095715

Observation acd2c8cb-e786-4cb6-be4d-6eaae8811a70 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f0acf6fa12f4ca7488e0c876118be90cdc1728ac613d40545bf29c57fdd7c1e9

Observation 9134dae5-26fd-49f7-afb7-ef266770b7d8 · outbound

This paper cites In: Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., Navigli, R.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews In: Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., Navigli, R

Reference 44

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.492067Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c73f551e70962f51533c68a0933b966806f30aa1e6f652a9f65d8f14a9fc4fa1

Observation f86a64e0-71b7-42b3-b39d-e2ce955a782a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.029516Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c3deb123890e7ddba09333113208861db518d3dedfe300bfc21100fcfb235392

Observation 46d278b6-1dd8-479c-8c8d-47787329cf18 · outbound

This paper cites and Lewis, Mike , editor =.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews and Lewis, Mike , editor =

Reference 46

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:11db10ce23c50eebfcc6632cd6e77aaa904e7af73b708105a908a8274858be43

Observation 55fd1172-764d-4e24-b7bf-331bcfc5cdbf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.055468Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:ebd1b4c3724d000376c3d0002f63a6204e549114a8a3d774857651c05bc8c9ad

Observation 516d2a97-94d1-4f41-bc74-907987a72b59 · outbound

This paper cites InThe Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews InThe Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track

Reference 48

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:d2b6032eb7b6f5b60c678d79f3f8d10b9ccb2091c67995f8e81c237a8f4ea404

Observation fd7f0302-247b-460e-a4d9-6c37097060dc · outbound

This paper cites Shopping Queries Dataset: A Large-Scale ESCI Benchmark for Improving Product Search.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Shopping Queries Dataset: A Large-Scale ESCI Benchmark for Improving Product Search

Reference 49

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.990150Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:32a34717b23a4e1a36b4788836b9fd20da9e1fcaf6344346b5a77ea862e74d85

Observation 0f71a5f2-29a0-4d71-bd5a-9d89c6546f52 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.069892Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:52ad3a5aa1eaff2431d075be36211e954eeb768c672ef33b7c422d221da65ed2

Observation 1160d9fc-981f-401b-b465-adb68cf57733 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:a524c0e5c1936da8c59addd48e836eeea5c6bdd7bc1b5b75f4285d6b165ac6d6

Observation a0d9796a-dc39-446a-8b77-01c90966df26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.970354Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:648213de89a71201b1acb3348722cdcc68fef03fa7883c2d96109cd5fe14081d

Observation da8649f4-8025-4745-a25e-5e2d2f68298e · outbound

This paper cites Vera Liao, and Ziang Xiao.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Vera Liao, and Ziang Xiao

Reference 53

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.453136Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation e9411579-ffe9-4fca-b856-c2f52b76f8e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.063840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7cf02ce0c6f9cbfb57eec0abc119b0bd302c4a0fa4028e09727e00e0f8f4ea4f

Observation 3acbcfa8-3519-42b4-a601-d59cb9889345 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.551540Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f38d738a52ba3e5eb4a1dab3262abb487df92c49695a9fd978bd668b349de79a

Observation d1d29df3-80fd-49fe-8689-291c0deaadb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.974155Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:dd78b78744560a063efc1afafccf5bca928c5a07e80529dc9ffedcd87225f017

Observation 03267c4e-c359-4da4-9879-62132f1ee533 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.092411Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:fbd5be628fc701addebd3c5c2429d154d6d4bc78073b5f9aaeccbaa8313c5ddc

Observation 50a2b284-abc0-4769-8ffa-e96b4f4af9b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.081483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f56663ef32858d1ff4d877fe2ea2e51307a5c85846145a62a5b4d63bb682c440

Observation 63ad1f79-0861-4413-a1ec-dd7ad41b1684 · outbound

This paper cites You Are How (and Where) You Search? Comparative Analysis of Web Search Behaviour Using Web Tracking Data.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews You Are How (and Where) You Search? Comparative Analysis of Web Search Behaviour Using Web Tracking Data

Reference 59

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:29.001360Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:580f28eaa7a7f1295193745e6f2a4a832b72406897545301ac9db79a724ea16a

Observation 3d9c59e2-2c57-4deb-971c-1cd8143032ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 60

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.042858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:caf85f00cb8fba297d4d13e63d46f77408aca64eefcc720ede270a38f1aca476

Observation 41413f6a-1b9c-44d5-9ca6-f4658f484f12 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.045288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:56f937a8548e41fb7edce0c4adda3c9b9a81c33f98b95d81d9240804c43fe442

Observation 8d5f975a-15ed-4451-8e38-b4857feeac7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.485440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:d8d943b6d7797c7643fadf9ab29f09ed3e60107d852e8c5f396deda41ac0cd30

Observation d270b3d6-a1c1-4af1-8096-cacc5b8fc1e7 · outbound

This paper cites Yifan Li, Yifan Du, Kun Zhou, Jinpeng Wang, Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Yifan Li, Yifan Du, Kun Zhou, Jinpeng Wang, Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen

Reference 63

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.571863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:afd561a0f68d669ea663e8e3ea3850dc0cfd33c201233933d5731ee65a17c88c

Observation a9546b72-039e-4dd7-87bf-2ab07f920eab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.052682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:66f4d1a6a95fed6acaec4017473a4f90c8b826d99f293faeed4b0857ac782ec1

Observation 6b36afc0-2ad3-4d0c-ac48-02e76511bc1c · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , isbn =.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews 2024 , isbn =

Reference 65

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.521523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:e237aa6076d75fce08626bd1e9b23aadbdf75d065d94b5aa2b4b5ba87fdaf917

Observation 4449c5fb-302f-4598-9bda-064636ac5000 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.040057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:8c24f06b237bb9cb9331ea971e1f86e29ebd4ccad49d79d2ed6288cc7929aaea

Observation 4c32dcee-95e4-4582-ac1d-ec7c76566819 · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty propagation on.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Uncertainty propagation on

Reference 67

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.469406Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f52ed9059cac5a5d8a274da47bd981ddb5c1a6067299a3aec9bb0ed887dcb6b1

Observation d774a4fb-bde5-4e3f-b29a-919808f6060b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.087836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:50320d58f448ceb3eb95103bf2a2dfa8f072ed91e1ffcf5f55d1a912226ffb33

Pith citing papers

Observation 5abe01f8-36ed-4f69-ad45-827dee14e3ed · inbound

Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026) cites this paper.

Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026) How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews

Reference 7

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T03:00:02.279815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-02T03:00:02.279815Z digest=sha256:599aef807af46da88737307817578b82598860fd488f8800090bec09112ea096