Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.06458.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.06458 v1

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T12:46:27.960345Z

measured 22 of 22 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy21
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 76b49099-c7cd-4c75-9083-49825127ac56 · outbound

This paper cites How contextual are contextualized word representations? comparing the geometry of BERT, ELMo, and GPT-2 embeddings.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution How contextual are contextualized word representations? comparing the geometry of BERT, ELMo, and GPT-2 embeddings

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.384418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation bd8ffad9-522e-4110-9e1e-60c451ee6c08 · outbound

This paper cites BERT rediscovers the classical NLP pipeline.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution BERT rediscovers the classical NLP pipeline

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.369629Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7c3257cb-af90-4691-9b10-febefba866bc · outbound

This paper cites A structural probe for finding syntax in word representations.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution A structural probe for finding syntax in word representations

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.354480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 21d92480-0254-4d6c-9ddc-d25edc6ef229 · outbound

This paper cites A primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT works.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution A primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT works

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.362417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation aee7af31-c29d-4f4c-94b2-1921466d7265 · outbound

This paper cites Visualizing and measuring the geometry of bert.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Visualizing and measuring the geometry of bert

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.350464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 5d131c33-438d-422e-98bf-95e1853a8390 · outbound

This paper cites Interpreting pretrained contextualized representations via reductions to static embeddings.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Interpreting pretrained contextualized representations via reductions to static embeddings

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.342539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation cfc13ab9-4819-4217-a27a-2c6c92402516 · outbound

This paper cites Svcca: Singular vector canonical correlation analysis for deep learning dynamics and interpretability.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Svcca: Singular vector canonical correlation analysis for deep learning dynamics and interpretability

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.346507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 9a840e0d-da60-4fca-bf95-38c3504bc5e0 · outbound

This paper cites Insights on representational similarity in neural networks with canonical correlation.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Insights on representational similarity in neural networks with canonical correlation

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.358513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 36a6c13d-ac07-432b-9b39-66e22302ff78 · outbound

This paper cites Similarity of neural network representations revisited.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Similarity of neural network representations revisited

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.373121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation fc18c0d2-1be0-4026-bbe0-0ee37c3027b1 · outbound

This paper cites The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.366021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b83bd384-b62d-469a-93b4-cbd3d7fbb397 · outbound

This paper cites Universal adversarial triggers for attacking and analyzing NLP.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Universal adversarial triggers for attacking and analyzing NLP

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.330047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 6ef16a64-dc3e-4e3c-8101-369f61b98ee5 · outbound

This paper cites From text to source: Results in detecting large language model-generated content.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution From text to source: Results in detecting large language model-generated content

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.377099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 589f858f-ef9c-4e20-9b67-9eede684267b · outbound

This paper cites Source Attribution for Large Language Model-Generated Data.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Source Attribution for Large Language Model-Generated Data

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T19:06:08.597342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 547e641a-42b0-48ba-ac8f-86adc4035937 · outbound

This paper cites Watermarking language models through language models.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Watermarking language models through language models

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.380967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 18bd508c-cb61-4511-a994-19d47da699db · outbound

This paper cites Instructional fingerprinting of large language models.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Instructional fingerprinting of large language models

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.322249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 33129850-47e5-4773-ad5a-41ae37530f1b · outbound

This paper cites Testing the manifold hypothesis.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Testing the manifold hypothesis

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.325726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 28dc0fff-fb8f-4be1-8521-6db64fc8ba15 · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning without poor local minima.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Deep learning without poor local minima

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.338602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation bba8ab8e-2af3-4f0f-b0ae-c0e3c0287a77 · outbound

This paper cites The loss surfaces of multilayer networks.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution The loss surfaces of multilayer networks

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.315167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c74dfdec-f532-4642-980a-dcb178431e01 · outbound

This paper cites Prototypical networks for few-shot learning.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Prototypical networks for few-shot learning

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.307972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3c6bcd27-7320-4908-b40f-c451adb6d84b · outbound

This paper cites Stanford alpaca: An instruction-following llama model.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Stanford alpaca: An instruction-following llama model

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.311840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 35fc96d0-5757-4a6b-8ad7-38f5c174d2f5 · outbound

This paper cites Visualizing data using t-SNE.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution Visualizing data using t-SNE

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.318592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ac724930-f4a2-4a6e-83cb-d1ded54b1b24 · outbound

This paper cites MS MARCO: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset.

Invariant Features in Language Models: Geometric Characterization and Model Attribution MS MARCO: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T13:02:23.334145Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.