Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-21T01:37:33.958995Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow
As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.21191.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T08:17:05.101131Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
52 of 52 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy38
- unresolved14
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 15039f38-153f-455a-af06-323e47368321 · outbound
This paper cites 2007 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2007 , publisher=
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.156000Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation b27fc58b-5213-4194-a8f7-310d4a711c9c · outbound
This paper cites Journal of Fluids and Structures , volume=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Journal of Fluids and Structures , volume=
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.172660Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 968776e2-5568-4218-a0e2-c02bb6c7f2e2 · outbound
This paper cites Journal of Fluids and Structures , volume=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Journal of Fluids and Structures , volume=
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.202868Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation dccebee8-6ad2-45b7-b3e0-29be2035af49 · outbound
This paper cites AIAA Journal , volume=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow AIAA Journal , volume=
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.249797Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 5e525455-1aca-4c6f-a509-1834ecb82942 · outbound
This paper cites 1992 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1992 , publisher=
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.206528Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation dcba5c0a-0673-4169-8bcc-1e1b4ec0c31f · outbound
This paper cites 1981 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1981 , publisher=
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.301211Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation f12b0c5f-60ac-466a-a231-555bdfe08c0d · outbound
This paper cites 2002 , edition=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2002 , edition=
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.229878Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 78f2ba6a-be5d-4e6a-ba0d-b8a30d8283b3 · outbound
This paper cites 2010 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2010 , publisher=
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.272010Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 260fa555-30ee-45b4-8ddd-2fa8e73e9198 · outbound
This paper cites 2016 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2016 , publisher=
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.277802Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation b4f84b5d-23a2-4db6-9a7e-b5f0cbc4b525 · outbound
This paper cites 2018 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2018 , publisher=
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.284705Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation c7cc228e-d150-4aed-a817-6c0b57647cab · outbound
This paper cites 2013 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2013 , publisher=
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.265465Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation c58e529d-00aa-49cb-9be2-2cf503718f7d · outbound
This paper cites 2012 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2012 , publisher=
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.254023Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 866d7f68-9e25-4f61-b8da-57f8f22733cb · outbound
This paper cites 2013 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2013 , publisher=
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.236232Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 04f1366b-2287-44e7-afe0-0cea85060a53 · outbound
This paper cites 2017 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2017 , publisher=
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.261952Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 426104c1-a365-4360-8f15-54d6b6d4910e · outbound
This paper cites 2007 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2007 , publisher=
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.274811Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation b2a3b9b2-9325-4bab-8ae5-199abba621fc · outbound
This paper cites 2002 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2002 , publisher=
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.213076Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation f33b1646-d4bc-4a71-a20a-cf06966ffca1 · outbound
This paper cites 1995 , address =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1995 , address =
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.169423Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 6a386605-9f0d-4313-9f8d-a74ec4a43325 · outbound
This paper cites 1982 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1982 , publisher=
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.189765Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 890507d3-e60f-4957-91ff-e21c043273c6 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.216178Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 80d3daa1-807f-42b6-adb3-e9fe7d881bdc · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.315447Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 94a2de3e-215a-4c31-891c-24ac2f3bead1 · outbound
This paper cites title =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow title =
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.223533Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7f3e174a-9162-443a-93ef-3f6d32d2d799 · outbound
This paper cites and Karrila, S.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Karrila, S
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.186227Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation d076d33a-a7e4-4b4b-b30a-164e969dc9d2 · outbound
This paper cites and Morris, J.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Morris, J
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.179463Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 967894e6-7317-4618-bc1b-f9a6426cf348 · outbound
This paper cites and Powers, T.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Powers, T
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.192780Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 765da1ad-f983-400e-abef-55766d450979 · outbound
This paper cites Influence of the dispersive and dissipative scales.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Influence of the dispersive and dissipative scales
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.258380Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7ee7cf46-60a5-4f10-bb35-e676b574dd3c · outbound
This paper cites 1924 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1924 , publisher=
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.318367Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 5a0bfa99-ee21-4f07-92fd-b2ca326f71a1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.243769Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 35963c24-2272-461b-be54-f26bd234ee10 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.268952Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 06bbb0df-6fbf-4950-b97d-53de36d09f5a · outbound
This paper cites 2012 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2012 , publisher=
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.291211Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 65d33728-8083-445c-b8d4-f957d11175a4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.199397Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 812fb16a-5f12-4528-a6ca-e0073c9f2185 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.209838Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 06744769-b376-4791-90e6-cab6580b658d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.311741Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation a7a8c78b-0ba7-4f78-8f06-346acef7192c · outbound
This paper cites and Toupin, R.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Toupin, R
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.176106Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 63e47c28-29b8-4a8a-8695-ae75394f8034 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.219596Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7089d496-2e7b-4e9d-b807-c8c6f347a35f · outbound
This paper cites and Tordella, D.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Tordella, D
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.307994Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation d96760e0-8386-436a-a99a-526e7cadd4d6 · outbound
This paper cites title =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow title =
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.287878Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 311c5d94-5d39-4d9f-80aa-10208ccadef3 · outbound
This paper cites von , title =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow von , title =
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.233025Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 5ac1dd23-a27e-48b1-83ea-e06d14695741 · outbound
This paper cites title =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow title =
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.240210Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 642fda6c-ff27-4c30-8587-2423985bce32 · outbound
This paper cites and Cohen, Ira M.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Cohen, Ira M
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.162879Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 1fb2621c-5fa2-4181-86b9-4171a851e45b · outbound
This paper cites 2001 , edition =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2001 , edition =
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.246584Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7a9675ac-d5f1-4276-b8c1-b40276dd36d1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.281002Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 64e7de60-4ff7-4632-94bc-018ae836e0bd · outbound
This paper cites title =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow title =
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.166116Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation c4a65e60-2845-4d93-87cb-b79d8ced5cff · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 43
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.226603Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7da73531-a42b-450b-89e4-ed4ab55436e4 · outbound
This paper cites 1963 , address =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1963 , address =
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.304590Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7c2af503-8440-4ad7-b4b8-4c9fd0fc61f1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.297920Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation bc98eca5-3b2e-477f-901a-5d4b1f660fa6 · outbound
This paper cites title =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow title =
Reference 46
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.294313Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation d761b824-2b55-487d-b8fa-558e90f9b5dc · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.159357Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 5f25ddd6-60d4-4a43-a1b3-47910ea13f70 · outbound
This paper cites 2016 , publisher=.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 2016 , publisher=
Reference 48
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.152590Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation aa17c834-b16a-45f1-9a48-070130f747d8 · outbound
This paper cites and Reid, William H.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow and Reid, William H
Reference 49
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.332439Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 088c31c2-0466-490d-9ae6-e68345e02fec · outbound
This paper cites 1961 , address =.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow 1961 , address =
Reference 50
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.328598Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation b916fb67-eb46-431d-9b7f-5a8771aabcba · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.325015Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation acf14bde-2999-43a7-88aa-14d39629e516 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T01:39:23.321640Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation d25c5acd-ef15-459d-903a-b1bdb4c146e2 · inbound
An SO(3) Gauge Theory of Turbulence with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking cites this paper.
An SO(3) Gauge Theory of Turbulence with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Beyond Vorticity: An Angular Momentum Perspective on Fluid Flow
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T08:17:05.101131Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.