Pith. sign in

REVIEW 1 major objections 1 cited by

Graph Neural Networks Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

T0 review · 1 major / 0 minor · reviewed 2026-06-26 · grok-4.3

Pith's one-line read Graph neural networks encounter the same barriers of heterophily, scale, and temporality across twelve domains.

desk verdict This survey organizes GNN applications across twelve domains around the WL hierarchy but gives no review protocol, so its cross-domain patterns rest on unverified selection. read the letter →

arxiv 2606.27202 v1 pith:PRK266HA submitted 2026-06-25 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords graphneuralnetworksheterophilyWeisfeiler-Lemanhierarchytemporalgraphsover-smoothingdeploymentcross-domainsurveyscaleissues
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper organizes graph neural network research around a shared design space and links expressive power to the Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy. It surveys twelve application domains to reveal that heterophily and large scale limit the same models in nearly all cases, while temporal graphs prove consistently harder than static ones. Leaderboard-leading architectures rarely make it to real deployment. A reader would care because this explains where relational structure justifies its cost and where it does not, moving the question from whether message passing helps to when it earns its keep.

What carries the argument

The Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy as the reference for what graph architectures can distinguish, used to evaluate domain-specific models and graph construction choices.

What would settle it

A new domain or large-scale study where a single architecture succeeds across heterophilic, temporal, and large graphs while also deploying successfully would undermine the claimed recurring patterns.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

By deriving spectral and spatial formulations from first principles and tying them to the Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy, the survey shows that across recommendation systems, molecular learning, healthcare, traffic, energy, and other domains, the same constraints recur: heterophily undercuts standard message passing, scale creates computational bottlenecks, and temporal dynamics add difficulty beyond static graphs. Architectures that perform well on public benchmarks seldom reach practical use, with issues like over-smoothing and distribution shift acting as adoption gates.

Load-bearing premise

The selection of twelve domains and the papers within them captures general constraints rather than reflecting biases in the surveyed literature.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Graph construction in each domain carries specific costs that must be weighed against benefits.
  • Heterophily handling becomes a cross-cutting requirement rather than a niche fix.
  • Temporal extensions are needed beyond static GNNs for dynamic settings like traffic or climate.
  • Deployment favors models that address robustness and fairness over pure accuracy on benchmarks.
  • Over-squashing and over-smoothing limit performance at scale in multiple fields.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Future architectures might benefit from mechanisms that explicitly target heterophily in a domain-agnostic way.
  • Evaluation should shift toward deployment metrics rather than leaderboard scores.
  • Integration with other modalities like language models could address some knowledge graph challenges but not scale issues.
  • Climate and materials science may require specialized temporal and multi-scale handling.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The paper is a survey of GNNs that organizes the field around a shared design space derived from spectral and spatial message-passing formulations, explicitly links expressive power to the Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy, and reviews applications in twelve domains (recommendation, knowledge graphs, drug discovery, healthcare, vision, traffic, power systems, wireless networks, fraud detection, industrial prognostics, materials science, climate). It claims to separate reported performance gains from baseline artefacts and identifies recurring cross-domain constraints: heterophily and scale limit the same models, temporal graphs are harder than static ones, and leaderboard leaders rarely reach deployment.

Significance. If the literature sampling and artefact-separation claims hold, the survey supplies a useful synthesis that treats over-smoothing, robustness, and distribution shift as adoption constraints rather than afterthoughts. The explicit WL-hierarchy backbone is a clear strength that grounds domain-specific observations in a common theoretical reference. The work would be strengthened by making the selection protocol reproducible so that the identified patterns can be treated as field-level regularities.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract / cross-domain comparison] Abstract and cross-domain comparison section: the assertion that reported gains are separated from artefacts of weak baselines or favourable splits is load-bearing for the claim that heterophily, scale, and temporal difficulty are general constraints. No review protocol, inclusion criteria, search strategy, or quantitative balance check (e.g., fraction of heterophilic vs. homophilic graphs or positive vs. negative results) is described, leaving open the possibility that the recurring patterns are artefacts of the sampled papers rather than representative regularities.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of the survey's organizational framework, WL-hierarchy grounding, and treatment of adoption constraints. The single major comment concerns the reproducibility of the literature sampling used to support cross-domain claims. We address it directly below and commit to a revision that formalizes the protocol.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: [Abstract / cross-domain comparison] Abstract and cross-domain comparison section: the assertion that reported gains are separated from artefacts of weak baselines or favourable splits is load-bearing for the claim that heterophily, scale, and temporal difficulty are general constraints. No review protocol, inclusion criteria, search strategy, or quantitative balance check (e.g., fraction of heterophilic vs. homophilic graphs or positive vs. negative results) is described, leaving open the possibility that the recurring patterns are artefacts of the sampled papers rather than representative regularities.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit, reproducible review protocol is required to substantiate that the identified patterns (heterophily and scale as recurring limits, temporal graphs as harder, leaderboard-deployment gap) reflect field-level regularities rather than sampling bias. The current manuscript describes the domains and the separation of gains from artefacts on a per-domain basis but does not provide a consolidated methods subsection detailing search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, or quantitative balance statistics. In the revised version we will insert a new subsection (placed after the WL-hierarchy discussion) that specifies: (i) search keywords and databases (arXiv, Google Scholar, major conferences 2018–2024), (ii) inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed empirical studies with at least one standard benchmark and baseline comparison), (iii) exclusion criteria (purely theoretical works without experiments, non-English papers), and (iv) a summary table reporting the number of papers retained per domain together with the fraction of heterophilic graphs, positive vs. negative results, and temporal vs. static settings. This addition will allow readers to evaluate representativeness while preserving the existing domain-specific analyses. We therefore treat the referee’s observation as correct and actionable. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: survey organizes literature without self-referential derivations

full rationale

This is a survey paper whose core activity is organizing existing work around a design space, deriving spectral/spatial formulations from shared first principles, and linking expressive power to the Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy. No new parameters are fitted to data subsets, no predictions are generated from the survey's own inputs, and no self-citation chains are invoked to justify uniqueness or force architectural choices. The cross-domain patterns (heterophily, scale, temporal difficulty) are presented as observed regularities from sampled papers rather than quantities constructed by definition or renaming. The representativeness concern is a methodological limitation, not a circular reduction. The paper is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks with score 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 0 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced; the paper is a review of prior work.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Graph Neural Networks Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/PRK266HA

@misc{pith2026260627202,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Graph Neural Networks Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/PRK266HA}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2606.27202}
}
read the original abstract

Graph neural networks have moved from a niche representation-learning technique to the default model class wherever data carry relational structure. The interesting question is no longer whether message passing helps on a given dataset, but where graph structure earns its computational cost and where it does not. This survey organises the field around a single design space, derives the spectral and spatial formulations from shared first principles, and connects expressive power to the Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy with explicit statements of what current architectures can and cannot separate. Against that methodological backbone we examine twelve application domains, among them recommendation and social networks, knowledge graphs and language-model integration, drug discovery and molecular property learning, healthcare and neuroscience, computer vision, traffic and urban computing, power and renewable-energy systems, wireless and sixth-generation networks, fraud and cybersecurity, industrial prognostics, materials science, and climate modelling. For each domain we specify the graph-construction choices and their costs, identify which architecture families dominate and why, and separate reported gains from artefacts of weak baselines or favourable splits. A cross-domain comparison exposes recurring patterns: heterophily and scale undercut the same models almost everywhere, temporal graphs remain harder than their static counterparts, and the architectures that top public leaderboards are seldom the ones that reach deployment. We treat over-smoothing, over-squashing, robustness, distribution shift, fairness, and explainability not as a closing checklist but as the constraints that decide adoption.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.27202 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Milestones in the development of graph neural network architectures, from recursive [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Illustrative trajectory of graph neural network research, normalised to the most recent [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. The end-to-end pipeline shared by most graph neural networks. A graph with node [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (36 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: One round of message passing at node v: messages from the neighbours u1, u2, u3 are combined by a permutation-invariant aggregator and used together with the node’s own state h (l) v to update v. The update rule appears below. which is exact but impractical, since it r…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The defining update of five architecture families. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Reported node-classification accuracy on standard citation benchmarks, with values [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Taxonomy of graph neural network architectures along three independent axes: how a [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p039_7.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Illustrative capability profiles for three families across six axes, on a zero-to-three scale [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p040_8.png]
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The pipeline shared by graph collaborative-filtering models. A user–item interaction [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p043_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: A fragment of a knowledge graph: entities are nodes (coloured by type) and typed [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p047_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Three ways language models and graph networks are combined: (a) a language model [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p051_11.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Illustrative, literature-informed trend in research that combines graph neural networks [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p052_12.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: A graph retrieval-augmented generation pipeline. A knowledge graph is extracted [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p053_13.png]
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: The end-to-end GraphRAG architecture for grounding a language model in a corpus. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p055_14.png]
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: A small molecule as a graph: atoms are nodes typed and coloured by element [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p056_15.png]
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: A brain network, or connectome, as a graph: nodes are brain regions (pink) and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p066_16.png]
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: A scene graph: detected objects are nodes (coloured by category) and their pairwise [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p068_17.png]
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: A road network as a graph: sensors or road segments are nodes (teal) and road [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p072_18.png]
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: The end-to-end architecture that recurs in traffic and other spatio-temporal forecasting. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p074_19.png]
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: A power grid as a graph: generators (amber, marked with a bolt), buses (teal), and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p078_20.png]
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: Forecasting renewable generation: wind (W, teal) and solar (S, amber) plants are [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p080_21.png]
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: A wireless or IoT network as a graph: devices ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p083_22.png]
Figure 23
Figure 23. Figure 23: A transaction or entity graph: most accounts are legitimate (teal) and a small set of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p088_23.png]
Figure 24
Figure 24. Figure 24: A digital twin pairs a physical asset with a graph model kept synchronized with it: [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p092_24.png]
Figure 25
Figure 25. Figure 25: A supply network as a directed graph: suppliers (S), manufacturers (M), distributors [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p095_25.png]
Figure 26
Figure 26. Figure 26: A crystal as a periodic graph: the atoms of a repeating unit cell are nodes (purple), [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p097_26.png]
Figure 27
Figure 27. Figure 27: A taxonomy of the survey’s application domains, grouped into six areas, each with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p101_27.png]
Figure 28
Figure 28. Figure 28: How a problem yields its graph. The structure is either natural and given by the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p102_28.png]
Figure 29
Figure 29. Figure 29: Illustrative, qualitative ranking of how much the graph structure adds over a strong [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p104_29.png]
Figure 30
Figure 30. Figure 30: Illustrative placement of the application domains by the maturity of their methods [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p105_30.png]
Figure 31
Figure 31. Figure 31: The challenges grouped into two families: limits on what graph networks can compute [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p110_31.png]
Figure 32
Figure 32. Figure 32: Illustrative growth in the average similarity between node representations as layers are [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p110_32.png]
Figure 33
Figure 33. Figure 33: Two graphs a message-passing network cannot tell apart. Two disjoint triangles (left) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p111_33.png]
Figure 34
Figure 34. Figure 34: The neighbourhood explosion and the sampling idea that bounds it. A node’s [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p113_34.png]
Figure 35
Figure 35. Figure 35: Illustrative accuracy as the homophily ratio varies: a standard network (red) degrades [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p114_35.png]
Figure 36
Figure 36. Figure 36: Illustrative accuracy as a growing fraction of edges is adversarially perturbed: a [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p115_36.png]
Figure 37
Figure 37. Figure 37: The foundation-model pipeline: a model is pretrained on broad data with a self [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p120_37.png]
Figure 38
Figure 38. Figure 38: Illustrative comparison along several capability axes: the dashed red region is a [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p122_38.png]
Figure 39
Figure 39. Figure 39: The research directions arranged by horizon, from near-term work that extends [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p125_39.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. When does distribution shift break graph neural networks calibration?

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    GNN calibration under distribution shift is governed by a single closed-form slope κ(hs, ht, ρ) that sets the optimal global temperature T⋆=1/κ and explains when node-wise recalibration cannot help.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

300 extracted references · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    A Deep Learning Approach to Antibiotic Discovery,

    J. M. Stokes, K. Yang, K. Swanson, W. Jin, A. Cubillos-Ruiz, and et al., “A Deep Learning Approach to Antibiotic Discovery,”Cell, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 688–702, 2020

  2. [2]

    Learning Skillful Medium-Range Global Weather Forecasting,

    R. Lam, A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. Willson, P. Wirnsberger, M. Fortunato, and et al., “Learning Skillful Medium-Range Global Weather Forecasting,”Science, vol. 382, no. 6677, pp. 1416–1421, 2023

  3. [3]

    A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networks,

    Z. Wu, S. Pan, F. Chen, G. Long, C. Zhang, and P. S. Yu, “A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networks,”IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 4–24, 2021

  4. [4]

    Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications,

    J. Zhou, G. Cui, S. Hu, Z. Zhang, C. Yang, Z. Liu, L. Wang, C. Li, and M. Sun, “Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications,”AI Open, vol. 1, pp. 57–81, 2020

  5. [5]

    Deep Learning on Graphs: A Survey,

    Z. Zhang, P. Cui, and W. Zhu, “Deep Learning on Graphs: A Survey,”IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 249–270, 2022

  6. [6]

    Machine Learning on Graphs: A Model and Comprehensive Taxonomy,

    I. Chami, S. Abu-El-Haija, B. Perozzi, C. Ré, and K. Murphy, “Machine Learning on Graphs: A Model and Comprehensive Taxonomy,”Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2022

  7. [7]

    Graph Convolutional Networks: A Comprehensive Review,

    S. Zhang, H. Tong, J. Xu, and R. Maciejewski, “Graph Convolutional Networks: A Comprehensive Review,”Computational Social Networks, vol. 6, p. 11, 2019

  8. [8]

    Representation Learning on Graphs: Methods and Applications,

    W. L. Hamilton, R. Ying, and J. Leskovec, “Representation Learning on Graphs: Methods and Applications,”IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 52–74, 2017

Show all 300 references
  1. [9]

    Geometric Deep Learning: Going Beyond Euclidean Data,

    M. M. Bronstein, J. Bruna, Y. LeCun, A. Szlam, and P. Vandergheynst, “Geometric Deep Learning: Going Beyond Euclidean Data,”IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 18–42, 2017

  2. [10]

    Geometric Deep Learning: Grids, Groups, Graphs, Geodesics, and Gauges,

    M. M. Bronstein, J. Bruna, T. Cohen, and P. Veličković, “Geometric Deep Learning: Grids, Groups, Graphs, Geodesics, and Gauges,” arXiv preprint, 2021

  3. [11]

    Everything is Connected: Graph Neural Networks,

    P. Veličković, “Everything is Connected: Graph Neural Networks,”Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 2023

  4. [12]

    Graph Neural Networks in Recommender Systems: A Survey,

    S. Wu, F. Sun, W. Zhang, X. Xie, and B. Cui, “Graph Neural Networks in Recommender Systems: A Survey,”ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 97:1–97:37, 2023. 129 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  5. [13]

    A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition, and Applications,

    S. Ji, S. Pan, E. Cambria, P. Marttinen, and P. S. Yu, “A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition, and Applications,”IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 2021

  6. [14]

    A Compact Review of Molecular Property Prediction with Graph Neural Networks,

    O. Wieder, S. Kohlbacher, M. Kuenemann, A. Garon, P. Ducrot, T. Seidel, and T. Langer, “A Compact Review of Molecular Property Prediction with Graph Neural Networks,”Drug Discovery Today: Technologies, vol. 37, pp. 1–12, 2020

  7. [15]

    Graph Neural Network for Traffic Forecasting: A Survey,

    W. Jiang and J. Luo, “Graph Neural Network for Traffic Forecasting: A Survey,”Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 207, p. 117921, 2022

  8. [16]

    A Review of Graph Neural Networks and Their Applications in Power Systems,

    W. Liao, B. Bak-Jensen, J. R. Pillai, Y. Wang, and Y. Wang, “A Review of Graph Neural Networks and Their Applications in Power Systems,”Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 345–360, 2022

  9. [17]

    W. L. Hamilton,Graph Representation Learning. Morgan and Claypool (Synthesis Lectures on AI and ML), 2020

  10. [18]

    A Survey on the Expressive Power of Graph Neural Networks,

    R. Sato, “A Survey on the Expressive Power of Graph Neural Networks,” arXiv preprint, 2020

  11. [19]

    Weisfeiler and Leman Go Machine Learning: The Story So Far,

    C. Morris, Y. Lipman, H. Maron, B. Rieck, N. M. Kriege, M. Grohe, M. Fey, and K. Borgwardt, “Weisfeiler and Leman Go Machine Learning: The Story So Far,”Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2023

  12. [20]

    Self-Supervised Learning on Graphs: Contrastive, Generative, or Predictive,

    L. Wu, H. Lin, C. Tan, Z. Gao, and S. Z. Li, “Self-Supervised Learning on Graphs: Contrastive, Generative, or Predictive,”IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2021

  13. [21]

    Self-Supervised Learning of Graph Neural Networks: A Unified Review,

    Y. Xie, Z. Xu, J. Zhang, Z. Wang, and S. Ji, “Self-Supervised Learning of Graph Neural Networks: A Unified Review,”IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2022

  14. [22]

    Representation Learning for Dynamic Graphs: A Survey,

    S. M. Kazemi, R. Goel, K. Jain, I. Kobyzev, A. Sethi, P. Forsyth, and P. Poupart, “Representation Learning for Dynamic Graphs: A Survey,”Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2020

  15. [23]

    A Survey on Heterogeneous Graph Embedding: Methods, Techniques, Applications and Sources,

    X. Wang, D. Bo, C. Shi, S. Fan, Y. Ye, and P. S. Yu, “A Survey on Heterogeneous Graph Embedding: Methods, Techniques, Applications and Sources,”IEEE Transactions on Big Data, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 415–436, 2022

  16. [24]

    A Comprehensive Survey of Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Graphs,

    Z. Ye, Y. J. Kumar, G. O. Sing, F. Song, and J. Wang, “A Comprehensive Survey of Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Graphs,”IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 75729–75741, 2022

  17. [25]

    Graph Convolutional Networks for Computational Drug Development and Discovery,

    M. Sun, S. Zhao, C. Gilvary, O. Elemento, J. Zhou, and F. Wang, “Graph Convolutional Networks for Computational Drug Development and Discovery,”Briefings in Bioinformat- ics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 919–935, 2020

  18. [26]

    A Survey on Graph Neural Networks for Time Series: Forecasting, Classification, Imputation, and Anomaly Detection,

    M. Jin, H. Y. Koh, Q. Wen, D. Zambon, C. Alippi, G. I. Webb, I. King, and S. Pan, “A Survey on Graph Neural Networks for Time Series: Forecasting, Classification, Imputation, and Anomaly Detection,”IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2024

  19. [27]

    Graph Neural Networks for Wireless Communications: From Theory to Practice,

    Y. Shen, J. Zhang, S. H. Song, and K. B. Letaief, “Graph Neural Networks for Wireless Communications: From Theory to Practice,”IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communica- tions, 2023. 130 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  20. [28]

    A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Privacy, Robustness, Fairness, and Explainability,

    E. Dai, T. Zhao, H. Zhu, J. Xu, Z. Guo, H. Liu, J. Tang, and S. Wang, “A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Privacy, Robustness, Fairness, and Explainability,”Machine Intelligence Research, 2024

  21. [29]

    Bench- marking Graph Neural Networks,

    V. P. Dwivedi, C. K. Joshi, A. T. Luu, T. Laurent, Y. Bengio, and X. Bresson, “Bench- marking Graph Neural Networks,”Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 24, pp. 1–48, 2023

  22. [30]

    Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphs,

    W. Hu, M. Fey, M. Zitnik, Y. Dong, H. Ren, B. Liu, M. Catasta, and J. Leskovec, “Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphs,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  23. [31]

    Simplifying Graph Convolutional Networks,

    F. Wu, A. Souza, T. Zhang, C. Fifty, T. Yu, and K. Weinberger, “Simplifying Graph Convolutional Networks,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2019, pp. 6861–6871

  24. [32]

    Beyond Homophily in Graph Neural Networks: Current Limitations and Effective Designs,

    J. Zhu, Y. Yan, L. Zhao, M. Heimann, L. Akoglu, and D. Koutra, “Beyond Homophily in Graph Neural Networks: Current Limitations and Effective Designs,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  25. [33]

    Geom-GCN: Geometric Graph Convolutional Networks,

    H. Pei, B. Wei, K. C.-C. Chang, Y. Lei, and B. Yang, “Geom-GCN: Geometric Graph Convolutional Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  26. [34]

    Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs,

    W. L. Hamilton, R. Ying, and J. Leskovec, “Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2017

  27. [35]

    Cluster-GCN: An Efficient Algorithm for Training Deep and Large Graph Convolutional Networks,

    W.-L. Chiang, X. Liu, S. Si, Y. Li, S. Bengio, and C.-J. Hsieh, “Cluster-GCN: An Efficient Algorithm for Training Deep and Large Graph Convolutional Networks,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2019, pp. 257–266

  28. [36]

    Foundations and Modeling of Dynamic Networks Using Dynamic Graph Neural Networks: A Survey,

    J. Skarding, B. Gabrys, and K. Musial, “Foundations and Modeling of Dynamic Networks Using Dynamic Graph Neural Networks: A Survey,”IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 79143–79168, 2021

  29. [37]

    How Powerful are Graph Neural Networks?

    K. Xu, W. Hu, J. Leskovec, and S. Jegelka, “How Powerful are Graph Neural Networks?” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2019

  30. [38]

    Weisfeiler and Leman Go Neural: Higher-Order Graph Neural Networks,

    C. Morris, M. Ritzert, M. Fey, W. L. Hamilton, J. E. Lenssen, G. Rattan, and M. Grohe, “Weisfeiler and Leman Go Neural: Higher-Order Graph Neural Networks,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2019, pp. 4602–4609

  31. [39]

    Explainability in Graph Neural Networks: A Taxonomic Survey,

    H. Yuan, H. Yu, S. Gui, and S. Ji, “Explainability in Graph Neural Networks: A Taxonomic Survey,”IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 5782–5799, 2023

  32. [40]

    Towards Graph Foundation Models: A Survey and Beyond,

    J. Liu, C. Yang, Z. Lu, J. Chen, Y. Li, M. Zhang, T. Bai, Y. Fang, L. Sun, P. S. Yu, and C. Shi, “Towards Graph Foundation Models: A Survey and Beyond,” arXiv preprint, 2023

  33. [41]

    Position: Graph Foundation Models Are Already Here,

    H. Mao, Z. Chen, W. Tang, J. Zhao, Y. Ma, T. Zhao, N. Shah, M. Galkin, and J. Tang, “Position: Graph Foundation Models Are Already Here,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2024

  34. [42]

    From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarization,

    D. Edge, H. Trinh, N. Cheng, J. Bradley, A. Chao, A. Mody, S. Truitt, and J. Larson, “From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarization,” arXiv preprint, 2024. 131 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  35. [43]

    Large Language Models on Graphs: A Comprehensive Survey,

    B. Jin, G. Liu, C. Han, M. Jiang, H. Ji, and J. Han, “Large Language Models on Graphs: A Comprehensive Survey,”IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2024

  36. [44]

    One for All: Towards Training One Graph Model for All Classification Tasks,

    H. Liu, J. Feng, L. Kong, N. Liang, D. Tao, Y. Chen, and M. Zhang, “One for All: Towards Training One Graph Model for All Classification Tasks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2024

  37. [45]

    Towards Foundation Models for Knowledge Graph Reasoning,

    M. Galkin, X. Yuan, H. Mostafa, J. Tang, and Z. Zhu, “Towards Foundation Models for Knowledge Graph Reasoning,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2024

  38. [46]

    A New Model for Learning in Graph Domains,

    M. Gori, G. Monfardini, and F. Scarselli, “A New Model for Learning in Graph Domains,” inIEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2005, pp. 729–734

  39. [47]

    The Graph Neural Network Model,

    F. Scarselli, M. Gori, A. C. Tsoi, M. Hagenbuchner, and G. Monfardini, “The Graph Neural Network Model,”IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 61–80, 2009

  40. [48]

    Spectral Networks and Locally Connected Networks on Graphs,

    J. Bruna, W.Zaremba, A. Szlam, andY. LeCun, “Spectral Networks and Locally Connected Networks on Graphs,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2014

  41. [49]

    Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs with Fast Localized Spectral Filtering,

    M. Defferrard, X. Bresson, and P. Vandergheynst, “Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs with Fast Localized Spectral Filtering,” inAdvances in Neural Information Pro- cessing Systems (NeurIPS), 2016

  42. [50]

    Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks,

    T. N. Kipf and M. Welling, “Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2017

  43. [51]

    Graph Attention Networks,

    P. Veličković, G. Cucurull, A. Casanova, A. Romero, P. Liò, and Y. Bengio, “Graph Attention Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2018

  44. [52]

    Neural Message Passing for Quantum Chemistry,

    J. Gilmer, S. S. Schoenholz, P. F. Riley, O. Vinyals, and G. E. Dahl, “Neural Message Passing for Quantum Chemistry,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2017

  45. [53]

    Do Transformers Really Perform Bad for Graph Representation?

    C. Ying, T. Cai, S. Luo, S. Zheng, G. Ke, D. He, Y. Shen, and T.-Y. Liu, “Do Transformers Really Perform Bad for Graph Representation?” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2021

  46. [54]

    Relational Inductive Biases, Deep Learning, and Graph Networks,

    P. W. Battaglia, J. B. Hamrick, V. Bapst, A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, and et al., “Relational Inductive Biases, Deep Learning, and Graph Networks,” arXiv preprint, 2018

  47. [55]

    A Survey of Large Language Models for Graphs,

    X. Ren, J. Tang, D. Yin, N. Chawla, and C. Huang, “A Survey of Large Language Models for Graphs,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2024

  48. [56]

    Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Survey,

    B. Peng, Y. Zhu, Y. Liu, X. Bo, H. Shi, C. Hong, Y. Zhang, and S. Tang, “Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Survey,” arXiv preprint, 2024

  49. [57]

    Adversarial Attack and Defense on Graph Data: A Survey,

    L. Sun, Y. Dou, C. Yang, K. Zhang, J. Wang, P. S. Yu, L. He, and B. Li, “Adversarial Attack and Defense on Graph Data: A Survey,”IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2022

  50. [58]

    MoleculeNet: A Benchmark for Molecular Machine Learning,

    Z. Wu, B. Ramsundar, E. N. Feinberg, J. Gomes, C. Geniesse, A. S. Pappu, K. Leswing, and V. Pande, “MoleculeNet: A Benchmark for Molecular Machine Learning,”Chemical Science, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 513–530, 2018. 132 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All ...

  51. [59]

    Geometric Deep Learning on Graphs and Manifolds Using Mixture Model CNNs,

    F. Monti, D. Boscaini, J. Masci, E. Rodolà, J. Svoboda, and M. M. Bronstein, “Geometric Deep Learning on Graphs and Manifolds Using Mixture Model CNNs,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017

  52. [60]

    Diffusion-Convolutional Neural Networks,

    J. Atwood and D. Towsley, “Diffusion-Convolutional Neural Networks,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2016

  53. [61]

    Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Graphs,

    M. Niepert, M. Ahmed, and K. Kutzkov, “Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Graphs,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2016, pp. 2014–2023

  54. [62]

    FastGCN: Fast Learning with Graph Convolutional Networks via Importance Sampling,

    J. Chen, T. Ma, and C. Xiao, “FastGCN: Fast Learning with Graph Convolutional Networks via Importance Sampling,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2018

  55. [63]

    GraphSAINT: Graph Sampling Based Inductive Learning Method,

    H. Zeng, H. Zhou, A. Srivastava, R. Kannan, and V. Prasanna, “GraphSAINT: Graph Sampling Based Inductive Learning Method,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  56. [64]

    Dynamic Edge-Conditioned Filters in Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs,

    M. Simonovsky and N. Komodakis, “Dynamic Edge-Conditioned Filters in Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017

  57. [65]

    Residual Gated Graph ConvNets,

    X. Bresson and T. Laurent, “Residual Gated Graph ConvNets,” arXiv preprint, 2017

  58. [66]

    E(n) Equivariant Graph Neural Networks,

    V. G. Satorras, E. Hoogeboom, and M. Welling, “E(n) Equivariant Graph Neural Networks,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2021, pp. 9323–9332

  59. [67]

    Principal Neighbourhood Aggregation for Graph Nets,

    G. Corso, L. Cavalleri, D. Beaini, P. Liò, and P. Veličković, “Principal Neighbourhood Aggregation for Graph Nets,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  60. [68]

    Position: Future Directions in the Theory of Graph Machine Learning,

    C. Morris, F. Frasca, N. Dym, H. Maron, I. I. Ceylan, R. Levie, D. Lim, M. M. Bronstein, M. Grohe, and S. Jegelka, “Position: Future Directions in the Theory of Graph Machine Learning,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2024

  61. [69]

    Graph Neural Networks Exponentially Lose Expressive Power for Node Classification,

    K. Oono and T. Suzuki, “Graph Neural Networks Exponentially Lose Expressive Power for Node Classification,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  62. [70]

    Representation Learning on Graphs with Jumping Knowledge Networks,

    K. Xu, C. Li, Y. Tian, T. Sonobe, K. ichi Kawarabayashi, and S. Jegelka, “Representation Learning on Graphs with Jumping Knowledge Networks,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2018

  63. [71]

    Predict then Propagate: Graph Neu- ral Networks meet Personalized PageRank,

    J. Klicpera, A. Bojchevski, and S. Günnemann, “Predict then Propagate: Graph Neu- ral Networks meet Personalized PageRank,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2019

  64. [72]

    Simple and Deep Graph Convolutional Networks,

    M. Chen, Z. Wei, Z. Huang, B. Ding, and Y. Li, “Simple and Deep Graph Convolutional Networks,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020

  65. [73]

    DropEdge: Towards Deep Graph Convolutional Networks on Node Classification,

    Y. Rong, W. Huang, T. Xu, and J. Huang, “DropEdge: Towards Deep Graph Convolutional Networks on Node Classification,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  66. [74]

    PairNorm: Tackling Oversmoothing in GNNs,

    L. Zhao and L. Akoglu, “PairNorm: Tackling Oversmoothing in GNNs,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020. 133 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  67. [75]

    A Generalization of Transformer Networks to Graphs,

    V. P. Dwivedi and X. Bresson, “A Generalization of Transformer Networks to Graphs,” AAAI Workshop on Deep Learning on Graphs, 2021

  68. [76]

    Rethinking Graph Transformers with Spectral Attention,

    D. Kreuzer, D. Beaini, W. L. Hamilton, V. Létourneau, and P. Tossou, “Rethinking Graph Transformers with Spectral Attention,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2021, pp. 21618–21629

  69. [77]

    Recipe for a General, Powerful, Scalable Graph Transformer,

    L. Rampášek, M. Galkin, V. P. Dwivedi, A. T. Luu, G. Wolf, and D. Beaini, “Recipe for a General, Powerful, Scalable Graph Transformer,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2022

  70. [78]

    Structure-Aware Transformer for Graph Repre- sentation Learning,

    D. Chen, L. O’Bray, and K. Borgwardt, “Structure-Aware Transformer for Graph Repre- sentation Learning,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022

  71. [79]

    Pure Transformers are Powerful Graph Learners,

    J. Kim, T. D. Nguyen, S. Min, S. Cho, M. Lee, H. Lee, and S. Hong, “Pure Transformers are Powerful Graph Learners,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2022

  72. [80]

    Diffusion Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network: Data-Driven Traffic Forecasting,

    Y. Li, R. Yu, C. Shahabi, and Y. Liu, “Diffusion Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network: Data-Driven Traffic Forecasting,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2018

  73. [81]

    Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Aspects, Methods, and Trends,

    H. Zhang, B. Wu, X. Yuan, S. Pan, H. Tong, and J. Pei, “Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Aspects, Methods, and Trends,” arXiv preprint, 2022

  74. [82]

    Evolving Beyond Snapshots: Harmonizing Structure and Sequence via Entity State Tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting,

    S. Li, Y. Wu, Y. Xiao, P. Huang, P. Li, R. Liu, Y. Wen, T. Sun, and F. Pei, “Evolving Beyond Snapshots: Harmonizing Structure and Sequence via Entity State Tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting,” arXiv preprint, 2026

  75. [83]

    Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networks,

    M. Schlichtkrull, T. N. Kipf, P. Bloem, R. van den Berg, I. Titov, and M. Welling, “Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networks,” inEuropean Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), 2018, pp. 593–607

  76. [84]

    Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network,

    X. Wang, H. Ji, C. Shi, B. Wang, Y. Ye, P. Cui, and P. S. Yu, “Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network,” inThe World Wide Web Conference (WWW), 2019, pp. 2022–2032

  77. [85]

    Composition-Based Multi-Relational Graph Convolutional Networks,

    S. Vashishth, S. Sanyal, V. Nitin, and P. Talukdar, “Composition-Based Multi-Relational Graph Convolutional Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  78. [86]

    Hierarchical Graph Representation Learning with Differentiable Pooling,

    R. Ying, J. You, C. Morris, X. Ren, W. L. Hamilton, and J. Leskovec, “Hierarchical Graph Representation Learning with Differentiable Pooling,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2018

  79. [87]

    Self-Attention Graph Pooling,

    J. Lee, I. Lee, and J. Kang, “Self-Attention Graph Pooling,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2019, pp. 3734–3743

  80. [88]

    Graph U-Nets,

    H. Gao and S. Ji, “Graph U-Nets,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2019

  81. [89]

    Spectral Clustering with Graph Neural Networks for Graph Pooling,

    F. M. Bianchi, D. Grattarola, and C. Alippi, “Spectral Clustering with Graph Neural Networks for Graph Pooling,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020

  82. [90]

    Deep Graph Infomax,

    P. Veličković, W. Fedus, W. L. Hamilton, P. Liò, Y. Bengio, and R. D. Hjelm, “Deep Graph Infomax,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2019. 134 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  83. [91]

    Graph Contrastive Learning with Augmentations,

    Y. You, T. Chen, Y. Sui, T. Chen, Z. Wang, and Y. Shen, “Graph Contrastive Learning with Augmentations,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  84. [92]

    DeepGraphContrastiveRepresentation Learning,

    Y.Zhu, Y.Xu, F.Yu, Q.Liu, S.Wu, andL.Wang, “DeepGraphContrastiveRepresentation Learning,” ICML Workshop on Graph Representation Learning and Beyond, 2020

  85. [93]

    Contrastive Multi-View Representation Learning on Graphs,

    K. Hassani and A. H. Khasahmadi, “Contrastive Multi-View Representation Learning on Graphs,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020

  86. [94]

    Large-Scale Representation Learning on Graphs via Bootstrapping,

    S. Thakoor, C. Tallec, M. G. Azar, M. Azabou, E. L. Dyer, R. Munos, P. Veličković, and M. Valko, “Large-Scale Representation Learning on Graphs via Bootstrapping,” in International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2022

  87. [95]

    GraphMAE: Self- Supervised Masked Graph Autoencoders,

    Z. Hou, X. Liu, Y. Cen, Y. Dong, H. Yang, C. Wang, and J. Tang, “GraphMAE: Self- Supervised Masked Graph Autoencoders,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2022

  88. [96]

    StrategiesforPre- training Graph Neural Networks,

    W.Hu, B.Liu, J.Gomes, M.Zitnik, P.Liang, V.Pande, andJ.Leskovec, “StrategiesforPre- training Graph Neural Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  89. [97]

    GPT-GNN: Generative Pre-Training of Graph Neural Networks,

    Z. Hu, Y. Dong, K. Wang, K.-W. Chang, and Y. Sun, “GPT-GNN: Generative Pre-Training of Graph Neural Networks,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2020

  90. [98]

    GCC: Graph Contrastive Coding for Graph Neural Network Pre-Training,

    J. Qiu, Q. Chen, Y. Dong, J. Zhang, H. Yang, M. Ding, K. Wang, and J. Tang, “GCC: Graph Contrastive Coding for Graph Neural Network Pre-Training,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2020

  91. [99]

    InfoGraph: Unsupervised and Semi- Supervised Graph-Level Representation Learning via Mutual Information Maximization,

    F.-Y. Sun, J. Hoffmann, V. Verma, and J. Tang, “InfoGraph: Unsupervised and Semi- Supervised Graph-Level Representation Learning via Mutual Information Maximization,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  92. [100]

    Signed Graph Convolutional Networks,

    T. Derr, Y. Ma, and J. Tang, “Signed Graph Convolutional Networks,” inIEEE Interna- tional Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), 2018

  93. [101]

    Supervised Community Detection with Line Graph Neural Networks,

    Z. Chen, X. Li, and J. Bruna, “Supervised Community Detection with Line Graph Neural Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2019

  94. [102]

    Overlapping Community Detection with Graph Neural Networks,

    O. Shchur and S. Günnemann, “Overlapping Community Detection with Graph Neural Networks,” Deep Learning on Graphs Workshop, KDD, 2019

  95. [103]

    CommunityGAN: Community Detection with Generative Adversarial Nets,

    Y. Jia, Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, and X. Wang, “CommunityGAN: Community Detection with Generative Adversarial Nets,” inThe World Wide Web Conference (WWW), 2019, pp. 784–794

  96. [104]

    vGraph: A Generative Model for Joint Community Detection and Node Representation Learning,

    F.-Y. Sun, M. Qu, J. Hoffmann, C.-W. Huang, and J. Tang, “vGraph: A Generative Model for Joint Community Detection and Node Representation Learning,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2019

  97. [105]

    Rumor Detection on Social Media with Bi-Directional Graph Convolutional Networks,

    T. Bian, X. Xiao, T. Xu, P. Zhao, W. Huang, Y. Rong, and J. Huang, “Rumor Detection on Social Media with Bi-Directional Graph Convolutional Networks,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, 2020, pp. 549–556

  98. [106]

    Fake News Detection on Social Media Using Geometric Deep Learning,

    F. Monti, F. Frasca, D. Eynard, D. Mannion, and M. M. Bronstein, “Fake News Detection on Social Media Using Geometric Deep Learning,” arXiv preprint, 2019. 135 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  99. [107]

    BotRGCN: Twitter Bot Detection with Relational Graph Convolutional Networks,

    S. Feng, H. Wan, N. Wang, and M. Luo, “BotRGCN: Twitter Bot Detection with Relational Graph Convolutional Networks,” inIEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), 2021

  100. [108]

    Heterogeneous Graph Neural Net- works for Malicious Account Detection,

    Z. Liu, C. Chen, X. Yang, J. Zhou, X. Li, and L. Song, “Heterogeneous Graph Neural Net- works for Malicious Account Detection,” inACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), 2018, pp. 2077–2085

  101. [109]

    GCAN: Graph-Aware Co-Attention Networks for Explainable Fake News Detection on Social Media,

    Y.-J. Lu and C.-T. Li, “GCAN: Graph-Aware Co-Attention Networks for Explainable Fake News Detection on Social Media,” inAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2020

  102. [110]

    Graph Convolutional Matrix Completion,

    R. van den Berg, T. N. Kipf, and M. Welling, “Graph Convolutional Matrix Completion,” arXiv preprint, 2017

  103. [111]

    Neural Graph Collaborative Filtering,

    X. Wang, X. He, M. Wang, F. Feng, and T.-S. Chua, “Neural Graph Collaborative Filtering,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2019, pp. 165–174

  104. [112]

    LightGCN: Simplifying and Powering Graph Convolution Network for Recommendation,

    X. He, K. Deng, X. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, and M. Wang, “LightGCN: Simplifying and Powering Graph Convolution Network for Recommendation,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2020, pp. 639–648

  105. [113]

    UltraGCN: Ultra Simplification of Graph Convolutional Networks for Recommendation,

    K. Mao, J. Zhu, X. Xiao, B. Lu, Z. Wang, and X. He, “UltraGCN: Ultra Simplification of Graph Convolutional Networks for Recommendation,” inACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), 2021

  106. [114]

    Graph Neural Networks for Social Recommendation,

    W. Fan, Y. Ma, Q. Li, Y. He, E. Zhao, J. Tang, and D. Yin, “Graph Neural Networks for Social Recommendation,” inThe World Wide Web Conference (WWW), 2019, pp. 417–426

  107. [115]

    Session-Based Recommendation with Graph Neural Networks,

    S. Wu, Y. Tang, Y. Zhu, L. Wang, X. Xie, and T. Tan, “Session-Based Recommendation with Graph Neural Networks,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, 2019, pp. 346–353

  108. [116]

    Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Web-Scale Recommender Systems,

    R. Ying, R. He, K. Chen, P. Eksombatchai, W. L. Hamilton, and J. Leskovec, “Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Web-Scale Recommender Systems,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2018, pp. 974–983

  109. [117]

    Self-Supervised Graph Learning for Recommendation,

    J. Wu, X. Wang, F. Feng, X. He, L. Chen, J. Lian, and X. Xie, “Self-Supervised Graph Learning for Recommendation,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2021, pp. 726–735

  110. [118]

    MycGNN: Enhancing Recommendation Diversity in E-Commerce through Mycelium-Inspired Graph Neural Network,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, S. Bentrad, and R. Khantouchi, “MycGNN: Enhancing Recommendation Diversity in E-Commerce through Mycelium-Inspired Graph Neural Network,”Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 645–675, 2026

  111. [119]

    RichGNN: Attribute-Enriched Graph Neural Network for Optimized E-Commerce Recommendations,

    A. Bahi, A. Ourici, and M. A. Ferrag, “RichGNN: Attribute-Enriched Graph Neural Network for Optimized E-Commerce Recommendations,”Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 68, p. 111, 2026

  112. [120]

    Benchmarking Deep Neural Networks for Modern Recommendation Systems,

    A. Bahi, I. Mouiche, and I. Gasmi, “Benchmarking Deep Neural Networks for Modern Recommendation Systems,” arXiv preprint, 2025

  113. [121]

    SFNN: A Secure and Diverse Recommender System through Graph Neural Network and Regularized Variational Autoencoder,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, S. Bentrad, M. Azizi, R. Khantouchi, and M. Uzun-Per, “SFNN: A Secure and Diverse Recommender System through Graph Neural Network and Regularized Variational Autoencoder,”Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 332, p. 114983, 2026. 136 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs ...

  114. [122]

    Enhancing Recommendation Diversity in E-commerce Using Siamese Network and Cluster-Based Technique,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, S. Bentrad, and R. Khantouchi, “Enhancing Recommendation Diversity in E-commerce Using Siamese Network and Cluster-Based Technique,”Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1223–1230, 2025

  115. [123]

    Study the Impact of Homomorphic Encryption on the Accuracy of Recommendation Systems in E-commerce,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, and S. Bentrad, “Study the Impact of Homomorphic Encryption on the Accuracy of Recommendation Systems in E-commerce,” inAdvances in Computing Systems and Applications, ser. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer, 2023

  116. [124]

    RaDAR: Relation-Aware Diffusion-Asymmetric Graph Contrastive Learning for Recommendation,

    Y. Huang, J. Chen, S. Zhang, and Z. Cao, “RaDAR: Relation-Aware Diffusion-Asymmetric Graph Contrastive Learning for Recommendation,” inACM Web Conference (WWW), 2026

  117. [125]

    KGAT: Knowledge Graph Attention Network for Recommendation,

    X. Wang, X. He, Y. Cao, M. Liu, and T.-S. Chua, “KGAT: Knowledge Graph Attention Network for Recommendation,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2019, pp. 950–958

  118. [126]

    Knowledge Graph Convolutional Networks for Recommender Systems,

    H. Wang, M. Zhao, X. Xie, W. Li, and M. Guo, “Knowledge Graph Convolutional Networks for Recommender Systems,” inThe World Wide Web Conference (WWW), 2019, pp. 3307–3313

  119. [127]

    DeepInf: Social Influence Prediction with Deep Learning,

    J. Qiu, J. Tang, H. Ma, Y. Dong, K. Wang, and J. Tang, “DeepInf: Social Influence Prediction with Deep Learning,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2018, pp. 2110–2119

  120. [128]

    Revisiting Graph Based Collabo- rative Filtering: A Linear Residual Graph Convolutional Network Approach,

    L. Chen, L. Wu, R. Hong, K. Zhang, and M. Wang, “Revisiting Graph Based Collabo- rative Filtering: A Linear Residual Graph Convolutional Network Approach,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020

  121. [129]

    Disentangled Graph Collabo- rative Filtering,

    X. Wang, H. Jin, A. Zhang, X. He, T. Xu, and T.-S. Chua, “Disentangled Graph Collabo- rative Filtering,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2020, pp. 1001–1010

  122. [130]

    ANeuralInfluenceDiffusionModel for Social Recommendation,

    L.Wu, P.Sun, Y.Fu, R.Hong, X.Wang, andM.Wang, “ANeuralInfluenceDiffusionModel for Social Recommendation,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2019, pp. 235–244

  123. [131]

    MMGCN: Multi-Modal Graph Convolution Network for Personalized Recommendation of Micro-Video,

    Y. Wei, X. Wang, L. Nie, X. He, R. Hong, and T.-S. Chua, “MMGCN: Multi-Modal Graph Convolution Network for Personalized Recommendation of Micro-Video,” inACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), 2019, pp. 1437–1445

  124. [132]

    Are Graph Augmentations Necessary? Simple Graph Contrastive Learning for Recommendation,

    J. Yu, H. Yin, X. Xia, T. Chen, L. Cui, and Q. V. H. Nguyen, “Are Graph Augmentations Necessary? Simple Graph Contrastive Learning for Recommendation,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2022, pp. 1294–1303

  125. [133]

    LightGCL: Simple Yet Effective Graph Contrastive Learning for Recommendation,

    X. Cai, C. Huang, L. Xia, and X. Ren, “LightGCL: Simple Yet Effective Graph Contrastive Learning for Recommendation,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023

  126. [134]

    Hypergraph Contrastive Collab- orative Filtering,

    L. Xia, C. Huang, Y. Xu, J. Zhao, D. Yin, and J. Huang, “Hypergraph Contrastive Collab- orative Filtering,” inInternational ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2022, pp. 70–79

  127. [135]

    Learning Attention-Based Embeddings for Relation Prediction in Knowledge Graphs,

    D. Nathani, J. Chauhan, C. Sharma, and M. Kaul, “Learning Attention-Based Embeddings for Relation Prediction in Knowledge Graphs,” inAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2019, pp. 4710–4723. 137 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Acro...

  128. [136]

    End-to-End Structure-Aware ConvolutionalNetworksforKnowledgeBaseCompletion,

    C. Shang, Y. Tang, J. Huang, J. Bi, X. He, and B. Zhou, “End-to-End Structure-Aware ConvolutionalNetworksforKnowledgeBaseCompletion,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2019

  129. [137]

    Inductive Relation Prediction by Subgraph Reasoning,

    K. K. Teru, E. Denis, and W. L. Hamilton, “Inductive Relation Prediction by Subgraph Reasoning,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020

  130. [138]

    Link Prediction Based on Graph Neural Networks,

    M. Zhang and Y. Chen, “Link Prediction Based on Graph Neural Networks,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2018

  131. [139]

    Neural Bellman-Ford Networks: A General Graph Neural Network Framework for Link Prediction,

    Z. Zhu, Z. Zhang, L.-P. Xhonneux, and J. Tang, “Neural Bellman-Ford Networks: A General Graph Neural Network Framework for Link Prediction,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2021

  132. [140]

    Relation-Aware Entity Alignment for Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs,

    Y. Wu, X. Liu, Y. Feng, Z. Wang, R. Yan, and D. Zhao, “Relation-Aware Entity Alignment for Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2019, pp. 5278–5284

  133. [141]

    Knowledge Graph Align- ment Network with Gated Multi-Hop Neighborhood Aggregation,

    Z. Sun, C. Wang, W. Hu, M. Chen, J. Dai, W. Zhang, and Y. Qu, “Knowledge Graph Align- ment Network with Gated Multi-Hop Neighborhood Aggregation,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020

  134. [142]

    Graph Convolution over Pruned Dependency Trees Improves Relation Extraction,

    Y. Zhang, P. Qi, and C. D. Manning, “Graph Convolution over Pruned Dependency Trees Improves Relation Extraction,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2018, pp. 2205–2215

  135. [143]

    Encoding Sentences with Graph Convolutional Networks for Semantic Role Labeling,

    D. Marcheggiani and I. Titov, “Encoding Sentences with Graph Convolutional Networks for Semantic Role Labeling,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2017, pp. 1506–1515

  136. [144]

    Graph Convolutional Encoders for Syntax-Aware Neural Machine Translation,

    J. Bastings, I. Titov, W. Aziz, D. Marcheggiani, and K. Sima’an, “Graph Convolutional Encoders for Syntax-Aware Neural Machine Translation,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2017

  137. [145]

    Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification with Aspect-Specific Graph Convolutional Networks,

    C. Zhang, Q. Li, and D. Song, “Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification with Aspect-Specific Graph Convolutional Networks,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), 2019, pp. 4568–4578

  138. [146]

    Syntax-Aware Aspect Level Sentiment Classification with Graph Attention Networks,

    B. Huang and K. M. Carley, “Syntax-Aware Aspect Level Sentiment Classification with Graph Attention Networks,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), 2019, pp. 5469–5477

  139. [147]

    Tensor Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification,

    X. Liu, X. You, X. Zhang, J. Wu, and P. Lv, “Tensor Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, 2020, pp. 8409–8416

  140. [148]

    Be More with Less: Hypergraph Attention Networks for Inductive Text Classification,

    K. Ding, J. Wang, J. Li, D. Li, and H. Liu, “Be More with Less: Hypergraph Attention Networks for Inductive Text Classification,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2020

  141. [149]

    BertGCN: Transductive Text Classification by Combining GNN and BERT,

    Y. Lin, Y. Meng, X. Sun, Q. Han, K. Kuang, J. Li, and F. Wu, “BertGCN: Transductive Text Classification by Combining GNN and BERT,” inFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP, 2021, pp. 1456–1462

  142. [150]

    Gated Graph Sequence Neural Networks,

    Y. Li, D. Tarlow, M. Brockschmidt, and R. Zemel, “Gated Graph Sequence Neural Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2016. 138 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  143. [151]

    Jointly Learning Entity and Relation Representations for Entity Alignment,

    Y. Wu, X. Liu, Y. Feng, Z. Wang, and D. Zhao, “Jointly Learning Entity and Relation Representations for Entity Alignment,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2019

  144. [152]

    Knowledge- Aware Graph Neural Networks with Label Smoothness Regularization for Recommender Systems,

    H. Wang, F. Zhang, M. Zhang, J. Leskovec, M. Zhao, W. Li, and Z. Wang, “Knowledge- Aware Graph Neural Networks with Label Smoothness Regularization for Recommender Systems,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2019

  145. [153]

    Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification,

    L. Yao, C. Mao, and Y. Luo, “Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification,” in AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, 2019, pp. 7370–7377

  146. [154]

    Relational Graph Attention Network for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis,

    K. Wang, W. Shen, Y. Yang, X. Quan, and R. Wang, “Relational Graph Attention Network for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis,” inAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2020, pp. 3229–3238

  147. [155]

    GraphGPT: Graph Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models,

    J. Tang, Y. Yang, W. Wei, L. Shi, L. Su, S. Cheng, D. Yin, and C. Huang, “GraphGPT: Graph Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models,” inACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2024

  148. [156]

    LLaGA: Large Language and Graph Assistant,

    R. Chen, T. Zhao, A. Jaiswal, N. Shah, and Z. Wang, “LLaGA: Large Language and Graph Assistant,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2024

  149. [157]

    Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Inter- pretable Large Language Model Reasoning,

    L. Luo, Y.-F. Li, G. Haffari, and S. Pan, “Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Inter- pretable Large Language Model Reasoning,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2024

  150. [158]

    Learning on Large- Scale Text-Attributed Graphs via Variational Inference,

    J. Zhao, M. Qu, C. Li, H. Yan, Q. Liu, R. Li, X. Xie, and J. Tang, “Learning on Large- Scale Text-Attributed Graphs via Variational Inference,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023

  151. [159]

    Language is All a Graph Needs,

    R. Ye, C. Zhang, R. Wang, S. Xu, and Y. Zhang, “Language is All a Graph Needs,” in Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL, 2024

  152. [160]

    GPT4Graph: Can Large Language Models Understand Graph Structured Data? An Empirical Evaluation and Benchmarking,

    J. Guo, L. Du, and H. Liu, “GPT4Graph: Can Large Language Models Understand Graph Structured Data? An Empirical Evaluation and Benchmarking,” arXiv preprint, 2023

  153. [161]

    GraphLLM: Boosting Graph Reasoning Ability of Large Language Model,

    Z. Chai, T. Zhang, L. Wu, K. Han, X. Hu, X. Huang, and Y. Yang, “GraphLLM: Boosting Graph Reasoning Ability of Large Language Model,” arXiv preprint, 2023

  154. [162]

    GNN-RAG: Graph Neural Retrieval for Large Language Model Reasoning,

    C. Mavromatis and G. Karypis, “GNN-RAG: Graph Neural Retrieval for Large Language Model Reasoning,” arXiv preprint, 2024

  155. [163]

    StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Data,

    J. Jiang, K. Zhou, Z. Dong, K. Ye, W. X. Zhao, and J.-R. Wen, “StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Data,” inConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2023

  156. [164]

    G-Retriever: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Textual Graph Understanding and Question Answering,

    X. He, Y. Tian, Y. Sun, N. V. Chawla, T. Laurent, Y. LeCun, X. Bresson, and B. Hooi, “G-Retriever: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Textual Graph Understanding and Question Answering,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2024

  157. [165]

    Use Graph When It Needs: Efficiently and Adaptively Integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs,

    S. Dong, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, S. Chen, C. Zhou, and X. Huang, “Use Graph When It Needs: Efficiently and Adaptively Integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs,” arXiv preprint, 2026. 139 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  158. [166]

    HugRAG: Hierarchical Causal Knowledge Graph Design for RAG,

    N. Wang, T. Liang, V. Singh, C. Song, V. Yang, Y. Yin, J. Ma, J. Singh, and V. Chaudhary, “HugRAG: Hierarchical Causal Knowledge Graph Design for RAG,” arXiv preprint, 2026

  159. [167]

    PIKE-R2P: Protein-Protein Interaction Network-Based Knowledge Embedding with Graph Neural Network for Single- Cell RNA to Protein Prediction,

    X. Dai, F. Xu, S. Wang, P. A. Mundra, and J. Zheng, “PIKE-R2P: Protein-Protein Interaction Network-Based Knowledge Embedding with Graph Neural Network for Single- Cell RNA to Protein Prediction,”BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 22, 2021

  160. [168]

    Directional Message Passing for Molecular Graphs,

    J. Klicpera, J. Groß, and S. Günnemann, “Directional Message Passing for Molecular Graphs,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  161. [169]

    GraphDTA: Predicting Drug-Target Binding Affinity with Graph Neural Networks,

    T. Nguyen, H. Le, T. P. Quinn, T. Nguyen, T. D. Le, and S. Venkatesh, “GraphDTA: Predicting Drug-Target Binding Affinity with Graph Neural Networks,”Bioinformatics, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1140–1147, 2021

  162. [170]

    Modeling Polypharmacy Side Effects with Graph Convolutional Networks,

    M. Zitnik, M. Agrawal, and J. Leskovec, “Modeling Polypharmacy Side Effects with Graph Convolutional Networks,”Bioinformatics, vol. 34, no. 13, pp. i457–i466, 2018

  163. [171]

    KGNN: Knowledge Graph Neural Network for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction,

    X. Lin, Z. Quan, Z.-J. Wang, T. Ma, and X. Zeng, “KGNN: Knowledge Graph Neural Network for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2020, pp. 2739–2745

  164. [172]

    GraphAF: A Flow-Based Autoregressive Model for Molecular Graph Generation,

    C. Shi, M. Xu, Z. Zhu, W. Zhang, M. Zhang, and J. Tang, “GraphAF: A Flow-Based Autoregressive Model for Molecular Graph Generation,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2020

  165. [173]

    GraphDF: A Discrete Flow Model for Molecular Graph Generation,

    Y. Luo, K. Yan, and S. Ji, “GraphDF: A Discrete Flow Model for Molecular Graph Generation,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2021

  166. [174]

    Convolutional Networks on Graphs for Learning Molecular Fingerprints,

    D. Duvenaud, D. Maclaurin, J. Aguilera-Iparraguirre, R. Gómez-Bombarelli, T. Hirzel, A. Aspuru-Guzik, and R. P. Adams, “Convolutional Networks on Graphs for Learning Molecular Fingerprints,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2015

  167. [175]

    Molecular Graph Con- volutions: Moving Beyond Fingerprints,

    S. Kearnes, K. McCloskey, M. Berndl, V. Pande, and P. Riley, “Molecular Graph Con- volutions: Moving Beyond Fingerprints,”Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 595–608, 2016

  168. [176]

    Analyzing Learned Molecular Representations for Property Prediction,

    K. Yang, K. Swanson, W. Jin, C. Coley, P. Eiden, H. Gao, A. Guzman-Perez, T. Hopper, B. Kelley, M. Mathea, and et al., “Analyzing Learned Molecular Representations for Property Prediction,”Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 3370–3388, 2019

  169. [177]

    Pushing the Boundaries of Molecular Representation for Drug Discovery with the Graph Attention Mechanism,

    Z. Xiong, D. Wang, X. Liu, F. Zhong, X. Wan, X. Li, Z. Li, X. Luo, K. Chen, H. Jiang, and M. Zheng, “Pushing the Boundaries of Molecular Representation for Drug Discovery with the Graph Attention Mechanism,”Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 16, pp. 8749–8760, 2020

  170. [178]

    SchNet – A Deep Learning Architecture for Molecules and Materials,

    K. T. Schütt, H. E. Sauceda, P.-J. Kindermans, A. Tkatchenko, and K.-R. Müller, “SchNet – A Deep Learning Architecture for Molecules and Materials,”The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 148, no. 24, p. 241722, 2018

  171. [179]

    GemNet: Universal Directional Graph Neural Networks for Molecules,

    J. Gasteiger, F. Becker, and S. Günnemann, “GemNet: Universal Directional Graph Neural Networks for Molecules,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2021. 140 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  172. [180]

    Equivariant Message Passing for the Prediction of Tensorial Properties and Molecular Spectra,

    K. T. Schütt, O. T. Unke, and M. Gastegger, “Equivariant Message Passing for the Prediction of Tensorial Properties and Molecular Spectra,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2021

  173. [181]

    Spherical Message Passing for 3D Graph Networks,

    Y. Liu, L. Wang, M. Liu, Y. Lin, X. Zhang, B. Oztekin, and S. Ji, “Spherical Message Passing for 3D Graph Networks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2022

  174. [182]

    Self-Supervised Graph Transformer on Large-Scale Molecular Data,

    Y. Rong, Y. Bian, T. Xu, W. Xie, Y. Wei, W. Huang, and J. Huang, “Self-Supervised Graph Transformer on Large-Scale Molecular Data,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  175. [183]

    Junction Tree Variational Autoencoder for Molecular Graph Generation,

    W. Jin, R. Barzilay, and T. Jaakkola, “Junction Tree Variational Autoencoder for Molecular Graph Generation,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2018, pp. 2323–2332

  176. [184]

    Graph Convolutional Policy Network for Goal-Directed Molecular Graph Generation,

    J. You, B. Liu, R. Ying, V. Pande, and J. Leskovec, “Graph Convolutional Policy Network for Goal-Directed Molecular Graph Generation,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2018

  177. [185]

    MolGAN: An Implicit Generative Model for Small Molecular Graphs,

    N. D. Cao and T. Kipf, “MolGAN: An Implicit Generative Model for Small Molecular Graphs,” ICML Workshop on Theoretical Foundations and Applications of Deep Generative Models, 2018

  178. [186]

    MoFlow: An Invertible Flow Model for Generating Molecular Graphs,

    C. Zang and F. Wang, “MoFlow: An Invertible Flow Model for Generating Molecular Graphs,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2020, pp. 617–626

  179. [187]

    Structure-Based Protein Function Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks,

    V. Gligorijević, P. D. Renfrew, T. Kosciolek, J. K. Leman, D. Berenberg, T. Vatanen, C. Chandler, B. C. Taylor, I. M. Fisk, H. Vlamakis, R. J. Xavier, R. Knight, K. Cho, and R. Bonneau, “Structure-Based Protein Function Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks,”Nature Com...

  180. [188]

    Protein Interface Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks,

    A. Fout, J. Byrd, B. Shariat, and A. Ben-Hur, “Protein Interface Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2017

  181. [189]

    Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions,

    W. Torng and R. B. Altman, “Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions,”Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 4131–4149, 2019

  182. [190]

    SSI-DDI: Substructure-Substructure Interactions for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction,

    A. K. Nyamabo, H. Yu, and J.-Y. Shi, “SSI-DDI: Substructure-Substructure Interactions for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction,”Briefings in Bioinformatics, vol. 22, no. 6, p. bbab133, 2021

  183. [191]

    EquiBind: Geometric Deep Learning for Drug Binding Structure Prediction,

    H. Stärk, O. Ganea, L. Pattanaik, R. Barzilay, and T. Jaakkola, “EquiBind: Geometric Deep Learning for Drug Binding Structure Prediction,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022, pp. 20503–20521

  184. [192]

    DiffDock: Diffusion Steps, Twists, and Turns for Molecular Docking,

    G. Corso, H. Stärk, B. Jing, R. Barzilay, and T. Jaakkola, “DiffDock: Diffusion Steps, Twists, and Turns for Molecular Docking,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023

  185. [193]

    DeepGraphGO: Graph Neural Network for Large-Scale, Multispecies Protein Function Prediction,

    R. You, S. Yao, H. Mamitsuka, and S. Zhu, “DeepGraphGO: Graph Neural Network for Large-Scale, Multispecies Protein Function Prediction,”Bioinformatics, vol. 37, no. Suppl_1, pp. i262–i271, 2021. 141 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  186. [194]

    Accurate Protein Function Prediction via Graph Attention Networks with Predicted Structure Information,

    B. Lai and J. Xu, “Accurate Protein Function Prediction via Graph Attention Networks with Predicted Structure Information,”Briefings in Bioinformatics, vol. 23, no. 1, p. bbab502, 2022

  187. [195]

    DeepRank-GNN: A Graph Neural Network Framework to Learn Patterns in Protein-Protein Interfaces,

    M. Réau, N. Renaud, L. C. Xue, and A. M. J. J. Bonvin, “DeepRank-GNN: A Graph Neural Network Framework to Learn Patterns in Protein-Protein Interfaces,”Bioinformatics, vol. 39, no. 1, p. btac759, 2023

  188. [196]

    Learning Unknown from Correlations: Graph Neural Network for Inter-Novel-Protein Interaction Prediction,

    G. Lv, Z. Hu, Y. Bi, and S. Zhang, “Learning Unknown from Correlations: Graph Neural Network for Inter-Novel-Protein Interaction Prediction,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2021

  189. [197]

    Prediction of Protein-Protein Interaction Using Graph Neural Networks,

    K. Jha, S. Saha, and H. Singh, “Prediction of Protein-Protein Interaction Using Graph Neural Networks,”Scientific Reports, vol. 12, p. 8360, 2022

  190. [198]

    Protein Representation Learning by Geometric Structure Pretraining,

    Z. Zhang, M. Xu, A. Jamasb, V. Chenthamarakshan, A. Lozano, P. Das, and J. Tang, “Protein Representation Learning by Geometric Structure Pretraining,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023

  191. [199]

    scGNN is a Novel Graph Neural Network Framework for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analyses,

    J. Wang, A. Ma, Y. Chang, J. Gong, Y. Jiang, R. Qi, C. Wang, H. Fu, Q. Ma, and D. Xu, “scGNN is a Novel Graph Neural Network Framework for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analyses,” Nature Communications, vol. 12, p. 1882, 2021

  192. [200]

    Molecular Contrastive Learning of Representations via Graph Neural Networks,

    Y. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Cao, and A. B. Farimani, “Molecular Contrastive Learning of Representations via Graph Neural Networks,”Nature Machine Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 279–287, 2022

  193. [201]

    BrainGNN: Interpretable Brain Graph Neural Network for fMRI Analysis,

    X. Li, Y. Zhou, N. Dvornek, M. Zhang, S. Gao, J. Zhuang, D. Scheinost, L. H. Staib, P. Ventola, and J. S. Duncan, “BrainGNN: Interpretable Brain Graph Neural Network for fMRI Analysis,”Medical Image Analysis, vol. 74, p. 102233, 2021

  194. [202]

    Disease Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks: Application to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease,

    S. Parisot, S. I. Ktena, E. Ferrante, M. Lee, R. Guerrero, B. Glocker, and D. Rueckert, “Disease Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks: Application to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease,”Medical Image Analysis, vol. 48, pp. 117–130, 2018

  195. [203]

    GRAM: Graph-Based Attention Model for Healthcare Representation Learning,

    E. Choi, M. T. Bahadori, L. Song, W. F. Stewart, and J. Sun, “GRAM: Graph-Based Attention Model for Healthcare Representation Learning,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2017, pp. 787–795

  196. [204]

    GAMENet: Graph Augmented Memory Networks for Recommending Medication Combination,

    J. Shang, C. Xiao, T. Ma, H. Li, and J. Sun, “GAMENet: Graph Augmented Memory Networks for Recommending Medication Combination,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2019

  197. [205]

    Hi-GCN: A Hierarchical Graph Convolution Network for Graph Embedding Learning of Brain Network and Brain Disorders Prediction,

    H. Jiang, P. Cao, M. Xu, J. Yang, and O. Zaiane, “Hi-GCN: A Hierarchical Graph Convolution Network for Graph Embedding Learning of Brain Network and Brain Disorders Prediction,”Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 127, p. 104096, 2020

  198. [206]

    EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Regularized Graph Neural Networks,

    P. Zhong, D. Wang, and C. Miao, “EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Regularized Graph Neural Networks,”IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 2022

  199. [207]

    EEG Emotion Recognition Using Dynamical Graph Convolutional Neural Networks,

    T. Song, W. Zheng, P. Song, and Z. Cui, “EEG Emotion Recognition Using Dynamical Graph Convolutional Neural Networks,”IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 532–541, 2020

  200. [208]

    Classify EEG and Reveal Latent Graph Structure with Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network,

    X. Li, B. Qian, J. Wei, A. Li, X. Liu, and Q. Zheng, “Classify EEG and Reveal Latent Graph Structure with Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network,” inIEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), 2019, pp. 389–398. 142 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applicati...

  201. [209]

    Learning the Graphical Structure of Electronic Health Records with Graph Convolutional Transformer,

    E. Choi, Z. Xu, Y. Li, M. Dusenberry, G. Flores, E. Xue, and A. Dai, “Learning the Graphical Structure of Electronic Health Records with Graph Convolutional Transformer,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020

  202. [210]

    SafeDrug: Dual Molecular Graph Encoders for Recommending Effective and Safe Drug Combinations,

    C. Yang, C. Xiao, F. Ma, L. Glass, and J. Sun, “SafeDrug: Dual Molecular Graph Encoders for Recommending Effective and Safe Drug Combinations,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2021

  203. [211]

    Pre-Training of Graph Augmented Transformers for Medication Recommendation,

    J. Shang, T. Ma, C. Xiao, and J. Sun, “Pre-Training of Graph Augmented Transformers for Medication Recommendation,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2019

  204. [212]

    Graph R-CNN for Scene Graph Generation,

    J. Yang, J. Lu, S. Lee, D. Batra, and D. Parikh, “Graph R-CNN for Scene Graph Generation,” inEuropean Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018, pp. 670–685

  205. [213]

    Neural Motifs: Scene Graph Parsing with Global Context,

    R. Zellers, M. Yatskar, S. Thomson, and Y. Choi, “Neural Motifs: Scene Graph Parsing with Global Context,” inIEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2018, pp. 5831–5840

  206. [214]

    Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Clouds,

    Y. Wang, Y. Sun, Z. Liu, S. E. Sarma, M. M. Bronstein, and J. M. Solomon, “Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Clouds,”ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 146:1–146:12, 2019

  207. [215]

    Point-GNN: Graph Neural Network for 3D Object Detection in a Point Cloud,

    W. Shi and R. Rajkumar, “Point-GNN: Graph Neural Network for 3D Object Detection in a Point Cloud,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2020, pp. 1711–1719

  208. [216]

    DeepGCNs: Can GCNs Go as Deep as CNNs?

    G. Li, M. Müller, A. Thabet, and B. Ghanem, “DeepGCNs: Can GCNs Go as Deep as CNNs?” inIEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019

  209. [217]

    Few-ShotLearningwithGraphNeuralNetworks,

    V.GarciaandJ.Bruna, “Few-ShotLearningwithGraphNeuralNetworks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2018

  210. [218]

    Edge-Labeling Graph Neural Network for Few-Shot Learning,

    L. Liu, T. Zhou, G. Long, J. Jiang, L. Yao, and C. Zhang, “Edge-Labeling Graph Neural Network for Few-Shot Learning,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2019

  211. [219]

    Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,

    S. Yan, Y. Xiong, and D. Lin, “Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2018

  212. [220]

    Scene Graph Generation by Iterative Message Passing,

    D. Xu, Y. Zhu, C. B. Choy, and L. Fei-Fei, “Scene Graph Generation by Iterative Message Passing,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017, pp. 5410–5419

  213. [221]

    Graph-Structured Representations for Visual Question Answering,

    D. Teney, L. Liu, and A. van den Hengel, “Graph-Structured Representations for Visual Question Answering,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017

  214. [222]

    VQA-GNN: Reasoning with Multimodal Knowledge via Graph Neural Networks for Visual Question Answering,

    Y. Wang, M. Yasunaga, H. Ren, S. Wada, and J. Leskovec, “VQA-GNN: Reasoning with Multimodal Knowledge via Graph Neural Networks for Visual Question Answering,” in IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023

  215. [223]

    FeaStNet: Feature-Steered Graph Convolutions for 3D Shape Analysis,

    N. Verma, E. Boyer, and J. Verbeek, “FeaStNet: Feature-Steered Graph Convolutions for 3D Shape Analysis,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2018, pp. 2598–2606. 143 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  216. [224]

    Zero-Shot Recognition via Semantic Embeddings and Knowledge Graphs,

    X. Wang, Y. Ye, and A. Gupta, “Zero-Shot Recognition via Semantic Embeddings and Knowledge Graphs,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2018, pp. 6857–6866

  217. [225]

    Rethinking Knowledge Graph Propagation for Zero-Shot Learning,

    M. Kampffmeyer, Y. Chen, X. Liang, H. Wang, Y. Zhang, and E. P. Xing, “Rethinking Knowledge Graph Propagation for Zero-Shot Learning,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2019

  218. [226]

    Two-Stream Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,

    L. Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Cheng, and H. Lu, “Two-Stream Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2019

  219. [227]

    Channel-Wise Topology Refinement Graph Convolution for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,

    Y. Chen, Z. Zhang, C. Yuan, B. Li, Y. Deng, and W. Hu, “Channel-Wise Topology Refinement Graph Convolution for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,” inIEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2021

  220. [228]

    Disentangling and Unifying Graph Convolutions for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,

    Z. Liu, H. Zhang, Z. Chen, Z. Wang, and W. Ouyang, “Disentangling and Unifying Graph Convolutions for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition,” inIEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2020, pp. 143–152

  221. [229]

    Skeleton-Based Action Recognition with Shift Graph Convolutional Network,

    K. Cheng, Y. Zhang, X. He, W. Chen, J. Cheng, and H. Lu, “Skeleton-Based Action Recognition with Shift Graph Convolutional Network,” inIEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2020

  222. [230]

    Social-STGCNN: A Social Spatio- Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Human Trajectory Prediction,

    A. Mohamed, K. Qian, M. Elhoseiny, and C. Claudel, “Social-STGCNN: A Social Spatio- Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Human Trajectory Prediction,” in IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2020

  223. [231]

    The Trajectron: Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Model- ing with Dynamic Spatiotemporal Graphs,

    B. Ivanovic and M. Pavone, “The Trajectron: Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Model- ing with Dynamic Spatiotemporal Graphs,” inIEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019, pp. 2375–2384

  224. [232]

    VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representation,

    J. Gao, C. Sun, H. Zhao, Y. Shen, D. Anguelov, C. Li, and C. Schmid, “VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representation,” inIEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2020, pp. 11525–11533

  225. [233]

    Learning Lane Graph Representations for Motion Forecasting,

    M. Liang, B. Yang, R. Hu, Y. Chen, R. Liao, S. Feng, and R. Urtasun, “Learning Lane Graph Representations for Motion Forecasting,” inEuropean Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2020, pp. 541–556

  226. [234]

    Predicting Origin- Destination Flow via Multi-Perspective Graph Convolutional Network,

    H. Shi, Q. Yao, Q. Guo, Y. Li, L. Zhang, J. Ye, Y. Li, and Y. Liu, “Predicting Origin- Destination Flow via Multi-Perspective Graph Convolutional Network,” inIEEE Interna- tional Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), 2020, pp. 1818–1821

  227. [235]

    HDM-GNN: A Het- erogeneous Dynamic Multi-View Graph Neural Network for Crime Prediction,

    D. Zhao, T. Li, X. Zou, Y. He, L. Zhao, H. Chen, and M. Zhu, “HDM-GNN: A Het- erogeneous Dynamic Multi-View Graph Neural Network for Crime Prediction,”ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2024

  228. [236]

    Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks: A Deep Learning Framework for Traffic Forecasting,

    B. Yu, H. Yin, and Z. Zhu, “Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks: A Deep Learning Framework for Traffic Forecasting,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2018, pp. 3634–3640

  229. [237]

    Graph WaveNet for Deep Spatial- Temporal Graph Modeling,

    Z. Wu, S. Pan, G. Long, J. Jiang, and C. Zhang, “Graph WaveNet for Deep Spatial- Temporal Graph Modeling,” inInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2019, pp. 1907–1913. 144 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  230. [238]

    Attention Based Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting,

    S. Guo, Y. Lin, N. Feng, C. Song, and H. Wan, “Attention Based Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, 2019, pp. 922–929

  231. [239]

    GMAN: A Graph Multi-Attention Network for Traffic Prediction,

    C. Zheng, X. Fan, C. Wang, and J. Qi, “GMAN: A Graph Multi-Attention Network for Traffic Prediction,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, 2020, pp. 1234–1241

  232. [240]

    Connecting the Dots: Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Graph Neural Networks,

    Z. Wu, S. Pan, G. Long, J. Jiang, X. Chang, and C. Zhang, “Connecting the Dots: Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Graph Neural Networks,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2020, pp. 753–763

  233. [241]

    Spatial-Temporal Synchronous Graph Convolutional Networks: A New Framework for Spatial-Temporal Network Data Forecasting,

    C. Song, Y. Lin, S. Guo, and H. Wan, “Spatial-Temporal Synchronous Graph Convolutional Networks: A New Framework for Spatial-Temporal Network Data Forecasting,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, 2020, pp. 914–921

  234. [242]

    Adaptive Graph Convolutional Recurrent Network for Traffic Forecasting,

    L. Bai, L. Yao, C. Li, X. Wang, and C. Wang, “Adaptive Graph Convolutional Recurrent Network for Traffic Forecasting,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  235. [243]

    Discrete Graph Structure Learning for Forecasting Multiple Time Series,

    C. Shang, J. Chen, and J. Bi, “Discrete Graph Structure Learning for Forecasting Multiple Time Series,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2021

  236. [244]

    Spatial-Temporal Graph ODE Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting,

    Z. Fang, Q. Long, G. Song, and K. Xie, “Spatial-Temporal Graph ODE Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2021, pp. 364–373

  237. [245]

    Spatiotemporal Multi- Graph Convolution Network for Ride-Hailing Demand Forecasting,

    X. Geng, Y. Li, L. Wang, L. Zhang, Q. Yang, J. Ye, and Y. Liu, “Spatiotemporal Multi- Graph Convolution Network for Ride-Hailing Demand Forecasting,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, 2019, pp. 3656–3663

  238. [246]

    Joint Predictions of Multi-Modal Ride-Hailing Demands: A Deep Multi-Task Multi-Graph Learning-Based Approach,

    J. Ke, S. Feng, Z. Zhu, H. Yang, and J. Ye, “Joint Predictions of Multi-Modal Ride-Hailing Demands: A Deep Multi-Task Multi-Graph Learning-Based Approach,”Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 127, p. 103063, 2021

  239. [247]

    An Intelligent Agent-Based Simulation of Human Mobility in Extreme Urban Morphologies,

    A. Bahi and A. Ourici, “An Intelligent Agent-Based Simulation of Human Mobility in Extreme Urban Morphologies,” arXiv preprint, 2025

  240. [248]

    Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks for Multi-Site PV Power Forecasting,

    J. Simeunović, B. Schubnel, P.-J. Alet, and R. E. Carrillo, “Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks for Multi-Site PV Power Forecasting,”IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2022

  241. [249]

    Recommender System for Optimal Solar Panel Placement Using Satellite Imagery and Weather Data,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, and S. Bentrad, “Recommender System for Optimal Solar Panel Placement Using Satellite Imagery and Weather Data,” arXiv preprint, 2026

  242. [250]

    Spatiotemporal Behind- the-Meter Load and PV Power Forecasting via Deep Graph Dictionary Learning,

    M. Khodayar, G. Liu, J. Wang, O. Kaynak, and M. E. Khodayar, “Spatiotemporal Behind- the-Meter Load and PV Power Forecasting via Deep Graph Dictionary Learning,”IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 4713–4727, 2021

  243. [251]

    Neural Networks for Power Flow: Graph Neural Solver,

    B. Donon, R. Clément, B. Donnot, A. Marot, I. Guyon, and M. Schoenauer, “Neural Networks for Power Flow: Graph Neural Solver,”Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 189, p. 106547, 2020

  244. [252]

    Optimal Power Flow Using Graph Neural Networks,

    D. Owerko, F. Gama, and A. Ribeiro, “Optimal Power Flow Using Graph Neural Networks,” inIEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2020, pp. 5930–5934. 145 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  245. [253]

    Graph Neural Networks for Power Grid Operational Risk Assessment under Evolving Grid Topology,

    Y. Zhang, P. M. Karve, and S. Mahadevan, “Graph Neural Networks for Power Grid Operational Risk Assessment under Evolving Grid Topology,” arXiv preprint, 2024

  246. [254]

    Deep Learning for Smart Grid Stability in Energy Transition,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, and S. Bentrad, “Deep Learning for Smart Grid Stability in Energy Transition,” Preprint, 2025

  247. [255]

    Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Green Energy Integration in Data Centers,

    A. Bahi and A. Ourici, “Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Green Energy Integration in Data Centers,” arXiv preprint, 2025

  248. [256]

    Spatiotemporal Graph Neural Network for Performance Prediction of Photovoltaic Power Systems,

    A. M. Karimi, Y. Wu, M. Koyuturk, and R. H. French, “Spatiotemporal Graph Neural Network for Performance Prediction of Photovoltaic Power Systems,” inAAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35, no. 17, 2021, pp. 15323–15330

  249. [257]

    FreeGNN: Continual Source-Free Graph Neural Network Adaptation for Renewable Energy Forecast- ing,

    A. Bahi, A. Ourici, I. Gasmi, A. Derrablia, W. Deghmane, and M. A. Ferrag, “FreeGNN: Continual Source-Free Graph Neural Network Adaptation for Renewable Energy Forecast- ing,” arXiv preprint, 2026

  250. [258]

    Analyzing Accuracy Trends in Sequential Renewable Energy Products Recommendation,

    A. Bahi, I. Gasmi, and S. Bentrad, “Analyzing Accuracy Trends in Sequential Renewable Energy Products Recommendation,” inProceedings of the International Conference on Networking and Advanced Systems (ICNAS). IEEE, 2025

  251. [259]

    A Compre- hensive Survey of LLMs for Sustainable and Renewable Energy Systems,

    A. Bahi, A. D. E. Berini, M. A. Ferrag, A. Ourici, N. Jamil, and L. Maglaras, “A Compre- hensive Survey of LLMs for Sustainable and Renewable Energy Systems,”Information, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 271, 2026

  252. [260]

    Optimal Wireless Resource Allocation with Random Edge Graph Neural Networks,

    M. Eisen and A. Ribeiro, “Optimal Wireless Resource Allocation with Random Edge Graph Neural Networks,”IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 68, pp. 2977–2991, 2020

  253. [261]

    Graph Neural Networks for Scalable Radio Resource Management: Architecture Design and Theoretical Analysis,

    Y. Shen, Y. Shi, J. Zhang, and K. B. Letaief, “Graph Neural Networks for Scalable Radio Resource Management: Architecture Design and Theoretical Analysis,”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 101–115, 2021

  254. [262]

    A Graph Neural Network Approach for Scalable Wireless Power Control,

    ——, “A Graph Neural Network Approach for Scalable Wireless Power Control,” inIEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2019, pp. 1–6

  255. [263]

    Learning Decentralized Wireless Resource Allocations with Graph Neural Networks,

    Z. Wang, M. Eisen, and A. Ribeiro, “Learning Decentralized Wireless Resource Allocations with Graph Neural Networks,”IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 70, pp. 1850–1863, 2022

  256. [264]

    A Graph Neural Network Method for Distributed Anomaly Detection in IoT,

    A. Protogerou, S. Papadopoulos, A. Drosou, D. Tzovaras, and I. Refanidis, “A Graph Neural Network Method for Distributed Anomaly Detection in IoT,”Evolving Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 19–36, 2021

  257. [265]

    Neural Network-Based Graph Embedding for Cross-Platform Binary Code Similarity Detection,

    X. Xu, C. Liu, Q. Feng, H. Yin, L. Song, and D. Song, “Neural Network-Based Graph Embedding for Cross-Platform Binary Code Similarity Detection,” inACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2017, pp. 363–376

  258. [266]

    Pick and Choose: A GNN-Based Imbalanced Learning Approach for Fraud Detection,

    Y. Liu, X. Ao, Z. Qin, J. Chi, J. Feng, H. Yang, and Q. He, “Pick and Choose: A GNN-Based Imbalanced Learning Approach for Fraud Detection,” inThe Web Conference (WWW), 2021, pp. 3168–3177

  259. [267]

    Enhancing Graph Neural Network-Based Fraud Detectors against Camouflaged Fraudsters,

    Y. Dou, Z. Liu, L. Sun, Y. Deng, H. Peng, and P. S. Yu, “Enhancing Graph Neural Network-Based Fraud Detectors against Camouflaged Fraudsters,” inACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), 2020, pp. 315–324. 146 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs A...

  260. [268]

    Alleviating the Inconsistency Problem of Applying Graph Neural Network to Fraud Detection,

    Z. Liu, Y. Dou, P. S. Yu, Y. Deng, and H. Peng, “Alleviating the Inconsistency Problem of Applying Graph Neural Network to Fraud Detection,” inInternational ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2020, pp. 1569–1572

  261. [269]

    Semi- Supervised Credit Card Fraud Detection via Attribute-Driven Graph Representation,

    S. Xiang, M. Zhu, D. Cheng, E. Li, R. Zhao, Y. Ouyang, L. Chen, and Y. Zheng, “Semi- Supervised Credit Card Fraud Detection via Attribute-Driven Graph Representation,” in AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 37, 2023

  262. [270]

    FdGars: Fraudster Detection via Graph Convolutional Networks in Online App Review System,

    J. Wang, R. Wen, C. Wu, Y. Huang, and J. Xiong, “FdGars: Fraudster Detection via Graph Convolutional Networks in Online App Review System,” inCompanion Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference (WWW Companion), 2019, pp. 310–316

  263. [271]

    Rethinking Graph Neural Networks for Anomaly Detection,

    J. Tang, J. Li, Z. Gao, and J. Li, “Rethinking Graph Neural Networks for Anomaly Detection,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022, pp. 21076– 21089

  264. [272]

    E-GraphSAGE: A Graph Neural Network Based Intrusion Detection System for IoT,

    W. W. Lo, S. Layeghy, M. Sarhan, M. Gallagher, and M. Portmann, “E-GraphSAGE: A Graph Neural Network Based Intrusion Detection System for IoT,” inIEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), 2022

  265. [273]

    GDroid: Android Malware Detection and Classification with Graph Convolutional Network,

    H. Gao, S. Cheng, and W. Zhang, “GDroid: Android Malware Detection and Classification with Graph Convolutional Network,”Computers & Security, vol. 106, p. 102264, 2021

  266. [274]

    GNN-IDS: Graph Neural Network Based Intrusion Detection System,

    Z. Sun, A. M. H. Teixeira, and S. Toor, “GNN-IDS: Graph Neural Network Based Intrusion Detection System,” inInternational Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES), 2024

  267. [275]

    Unveiling the Potential of Graph Neural Networks for Robust Intrusion Detection,

    D. Pujol-Perich, J. Suárez-Varela, A. Cabellos-Aparicio, and P. Barlet-Ros, “Unveiling the Potential of Graph Neural Networks for Robust Intrusion Detection,”ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 111–117, 2022

  268. [276]

    IoT-Based Android Malware Detection Using Graph Neural Network with Adversarial Defense,

    R. Yumlembam, B. Issac, S. M. Jacob, and L. Yang, “IoT-Based Android Malware Detection Using Graph Neural Network with Adversarial Defense,”IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2023

  269. [277]

    Learning Mesh-Based SimulationwithGraphNetworks,

    T. Pfaff, M. Fortunato, A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, and P. W. Battaglia, “Learning Mesh-Based SimulationwithGraphNetworks,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2021

  270. [278]

    The Emerging Graph Neural Networks for Intelligent Fault Diagnostics and Prognostics: A Guideline and a Benchmark Study,

    T. Li, Z. Zhao, C. Sun, R. Yan, and X. Chen, “The Emerging Graph Neural Networks for Intelligent Fault Diagnostics and Prognostics: A Guideline and a Benchmark Study,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 168, p. 108653, 2022

  271. [279]

    Graph Neural Network-Based Fault Diagnosis: A Review,

    Z. Chen, J. Xu, C. Alippi, S. X. Ding, Y. Shardt, T. Peng, and C. Yang, “Graph Neural Network-Based Fault Diagnosis: A Review,” arXiv preprint, 2021

  272. [280]

    GNN-ASE: Graph-Based Anomaly Detection and Severity Estimation in Three-Phase Induction Machines,

    M. B. Bentrad, A. Ghoggal, T. Bahi, and A. Bahi, “GNN-ASE: Graph-Based Anomaly Detection and Severity Estimation in Three-Phase Induction Machines,” arXiv preprint, 2025

  273. [281]

    Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Self- Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks with Self-Attention Mechanism,

    Y. Wei, D. Wu, and J. Terpenny, “Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Self- Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks with Self-Attention Mechanism,”Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 188, p. 110010, 2023

  274. [282]

    Interaction Networks for Learning about Objects, Relations and Physics,

    P. W. Battaglia, R. Pascanu, M. Lai, D. J. Rezende, and K. Kavukcuoglu, “Interaction Networks for Learning about Objects, Relations and Physics,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2016. 147 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains...

  275. [283]

    Learning to Simulate Complex Physics with Graph Networks,

    A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, J. Godwin, T. Pfaff, R. Ying, J. Leskovec, and P. W. Battaglia, “Learning to Simulate Complex Physics with Graph Networks,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020

  276. [284]

    Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for an Accurate and Interpretable Prediction of Material Properties,

    T. Xie and J. C. Grossman, “Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for an Accurate and Interpretable Prediction of Material Properties,”Physical Review Letters, vol. 120, no. 14, p. 145301, 2018

  277. [285]

    Graph Networks as a Universal Machine Learning Framework for Molecules and Crystals,

    C. Chen, W. Ye, Y. Zuo, C. Zheng, and S. P. Ong, “Graph Networks as a Universal Machine Learning Framework for Molecules and Crystals,”Chemistry of Materials, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 3564–3572, 2019

  278. [286]

    Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network for Improved Materials Property Predictions,

    K. Choudhary and B. DeCost, “Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network for Improved Materials Property Predictions,”npj Computational Materials, vol. 7, p. 185, 2021

  279. [287]

    E(3)-Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Data-Efficient and Accurate Interatomic Potentials,

    S. Batzner, A. Musaelian, L. Sun, M. Geiger, J. P. Mailoa, M. Kornbluth, N. Molinari, T. E. Smidt, and B. Kozinsky, “E(3)-Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Data-Efficient and Accurate Interatomic Potentials,”Nature Communications, vol. 13, p. 2453, 2022

  280. [288]

    A Universal Graph Deep Learning Interatomic Potential for the Periodic Table,

    C. Chen and S. P. Ong, “A Universal Graph Deep Learning Interatomic Potential for the Periodic Table,”Nature Computational Science, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 718–728, 2022

  281. [289]

    Forecasting Global Weather with Graph Neural Networks,

    R. Keisler, “Forecasting Global Weather with Graph Neural Networks,” arXiv preprint, 2022

  282. [290]

    Computing Graph Neural Networks: A Survey from Algorithms to Accelerators,

    S. Abadal, A. Jain, R. Guirado, J. López-Alonso, and E. Alarcón, “Computing Graph Neural Networks: A Survey from Algorithms to Accelerators,”ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1–38, 2021

  283. [291]

    Adaptive Universal Generalized PageRank Graph Neural Network,

    E. Chien, J. Peng, P. Li, and O. Milenkovic, “Adaptive Universal Generalized PageRank Graph Neural Network,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2021

  284. [292]

    Adversarial Attacks on Neural Networks for Graph Data,

    D. Zügner, A. Akbarnejad, and S. Günnemann, “Adversarial Attacks on Neural Networks for Graph Data,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2018, pp. 2847–2856

  285. [293]

    Adversarial Attacks on Graph Neural Networks via Meta Learning,

    D. Zügner and S. Günnemann, “Adversarial Attacks on Graph Neural Networks via Meta Learning,” inInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2019

  286. [294]

    Graph Structure Learning for Robust Graph Neural Networks,

    W. Jin, Y. Ma, X. Liu, X. Tang, S. Wang, and J. Tang, “Graph Structure Learning for Robust Graph Neural Networks,” inACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2020, pp. 66–74

  287. [295]

    GNNGuard: Defending Graph Neural Networks against Ad- versarial Attacks,

    X. Zhang and M. Zitnik, “GNNGuard: Defending Graph Neural Networks against Ad- versarial Attacks,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  288. [296]

    Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Graphs: A Review, A Tool and Empirical Studies,

    W. Jin, Y. Li, H. Xu, Y. Wang, S. Ji, C. Aggarwal, and J. Tang, “Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Graphs: A Review, A Tool and Empirical Studies,”ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 19–34, 2021

  289. [297]

    GNNExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks,

    R. Ying, D. Bourgeois, J. You, M. Zitnik, and J. Leskovec, “GNNExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2019. 148 Abderaouf Bahi, PhD iD in GNNs Applications Across Domains: All Insights You Need

  290. [298]

    Parameterized Explainer for Graph Neural Network,

    D. Luo, W. Cheng, D. Xu, W. Yu, B. Zong, H. Chen, and X. Zhang, “Parameterized Explainer for Graph Neural Network,” inAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020

  291. [299]

    On Explainability of Graph Neural Networks via Subgraph Explorations,

    H. Yuan, H. Yu, J. Wang, K. Li, and S. Ji, “On Explainability of Graph Neural Networks via Subgraph Explorations,” inInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2021, pp. 12241–12252

  292. [300]

    CF-GNNExplainer: Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks,

    A. Lucic, M. ter Hoeve, G. Tolomei, M. de Rijke, and F. Silvestri, “CF-GNNExplainer: Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks,” inInternational Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2022

Pith tools

Reviewed June 26, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.