Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 38 of 38 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.31616.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2606.31616 v1

Coverage vector

measured 38 of 38 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-01T05:24:21.103206Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

38 of 38 outbound references displayed

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verified fuzzy35
unresolved1
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 01ed0576-4136-4793-8374-48cc2f9be613 · outbound

This paper cites Faithfulness vs. Plausibility: On the (Un)Reliability of Explanations from Large Language Models.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Faithfulness vs. Plausibility: On the (Un)Reliability of Explanations from Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T10:35:41.485965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f4944cd8-7b4e-4b8f-80cf-7ab48abf9811 · outbound

This paper cites Explainable mammogram analysis with EfficientNetV2 and Grad-CAM++ for robust cancer diagnosis.Diagnostics, 16(1):105, 2025.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Explainable mammogram analysis with EfficientNetV2 and Grad-CAM++ for robust cancer diagnosis.Diagnostics, 16(1):105, 2025

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.741139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f4ed4fe5-2461-4d18-9317-b1dbd24d0f34 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence and patient-centered decision-making.Philosophy & Technology, 34(2):349–371, 2021.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Artificial intelligence and patient-centered decision-making.Philosophy & Technology, 34(2):349–371, 2021

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.804637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3dfdbe76-fc10-4d18-8c41-8f8e43b45e4c · outbound

This paper cites Causality and scientific explanation of artificial intelligence systems in biomedicine.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Causality and scientific explanation of artificial intelligence systems in biomedicine

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.751839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 45ce9af6-364b-4135-aaca-0773c7b54695 · outbound

This paper cites Boge and Michael Poznic.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Boge and Michael Poznic

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.825071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7c184e44-1636-486f-b65b-4ed3bbc63375 · outbound

This paper cites Defining explanation and explanatory depth in XAI.Minds and Machines, 32(3):563–584, 2022.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Defining explanation and explanatory depth in XAI.Minds and Machines, 32(3):563–584, 2022

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.800868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation fcf7f58f-aea4-47dd-a9c4-8d5792d0eaad · outbound

This paper cites Model of causality in Chinese philosophy: A comparative study.Philosophy East and West, 26(1):3–20, 1976.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Model of causality in Chinese philosophy: A comparative study.Philosophy East and West, 26(1):3–20, 1976

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.836291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 6b41b3cb-815e-4010-865d-152e10b33d09 · outbound

This paper cites Trust in medicine.The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 27(1):11–29, 2002.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Trust in medicine.The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 27(1):11–29, 2002

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.722525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation fe699a60-b682-4fb4-b094-500192bcedc6 · outbound

This paper cites Causation in Chinese Philosophy.A Companion to World Philosophies, pages 165–173, 2017.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Causation in Chinese Philosophy.A Companion to World Philosophies, pages 165–173, 2017

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.813042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8b0eb1c2-1b7e-4fe8-ad32-0f6428d006ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.840745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 376e9b41-4338-4f1b-86d5-d35c7c6c3eb3 · outbound

This paper cites On the ethical and epistemological utility of explicable AI in medicine.Philosophy & Technology, 35(2):50, 2022.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy On the ethical and epistemological utility of explicable AI in medicine.Philosophy & Technology, 35(2):50, 2022

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.761558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 79b2d92c-a700-4f4f-b7a4-21f03c98034f · outbound

This paper cites Trust and its role in the medical encounter.Health Care Analysis, 25(3):260– 274, 2017.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Trust and its role in the medical encounter.Health Care Analysis, 25(3):260– 274, 2017

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.759186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8267dbe4-8a86-4d82-8c24-2b4532676860 · outbound

This paper cites Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 9(4):e1312, 2019.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 9(4):e1312, 2019

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.765219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1879349d-cc7c-46d2-9ef8-3e92583284ac · outbound

This paper cites AI in medicine must be explainable.Nature Medicine, 27(8):1328–1328, 2021.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy AI in medicine must be explainable.Nature Medicine, 27(8):1328–1328, 2021

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.712334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 69cc0b5b-afce-4b7c-80c1-2ca907734322 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence and black-box medical decisions: Accuracy versus explainability.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Artificial intelligence and black-box medical decisions: Accuracy versus explainability

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.845959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3a881cc9-ba40-4011-b8b5-886e5af09643 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding XAI through the philosopher’s lens: A historical perspective.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Understanding XAI through the philosopher’s lens: A historical perspective

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.787699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 747d626c-7a49-485b-8339-b68354384474 · outbound

This paper cites Ganterfac- tual—counterfactual explanations for medical non-experts using generative adversarial learning.Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5:825565, 2022.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Ganterfac- tual—counterfactual explanations for medical non-experts using generative adversarial learning.Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5:825565, 2022

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.780231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 21dab61b-6f07-4258-a097-5e56b944400d · outbound

This paper cites The human factor in explainable artificial intelligence: Clinician variability in trust, reliance, and performance.NPJ Digital Medicine, 8(1):658, 2025.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy The human factor in explainable artificial intelligence: Clinician variability in trust, reliance, and performance.NPJ Digital Medicine, 8(1):658, 2025

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.831002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation dfc5ebf3-353e-4928-8afe-dd45e7f7f363 · outbound

This paper cites Models of causation in epidemiology.Health, Disease and Causal Explanations in Medicine, 16:129–36, 1984.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Models of causation in epidemiology.Health, Disease and Causal Explanations in Medicine, 16:129–36, 1984

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.853364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c7fb9d80-e2d6-4607-8235-081f6706ce9a · outbound

This paper cites Explanatory pragmatism: A context-sensitive framework for explainable medical AI.Ethics and Information Technology, 24(1):13, 2022.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Explanatory pragmatism: A context-sensitive framework for explainable medical AI.Ethics and Information Technology, 24(1):13, 2022

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.715599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e9f9188e-e6ae-4194-934a-6ca0e7767746 · outbound

This paper cites The pragmatic turn in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).Minds and Machines, 29(3):441–459, Sep 2019.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy The pragmatic turn in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).Minds and Machines, 29(3):441–459, Sep 2019

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.755857Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 5beeca44-c857-489f-9da5-25e9c91833df · outbound

This paper cites Axe the X in XAI: A Plea for Understandable AI.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Axe the X in XAI: A Plea for Understandable AI

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T10:35:41.488891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation a3c931f0-f6b9-49ce-8df2-27a88e676719 · outbound

This paper cites Causal inference and counterfactual prediction in machine learning for actionable healthcare.Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(7):369–375, 2020.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Causal inference and counterfactual prediction in machine learning for actionable healthcare.Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(7):369–375, 2020

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.817206Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 397220e0-b055-466d-8fd3-676ddc75800b · outbound

This paper cites Models of explanation and explanation in medicine.International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 3(2):199–212, 1989.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Models of explanation and explanation in medicine.International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 3(2):199–212, 1989

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.735797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 87be779b-b734-4c80-a3af-f3bcaf414e0e · outbound

This paper cites AI in health and medicine.Nature Medicine, 28(1):31–38.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy AI in health and medicine.Nature Medicine, 28(1):31–38

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.791179Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7cb9bb2d-b8f1-4ac7-9e56-30c6a19f134f · outbound

This paper cites Causality for trustworthy artificial intelligence: Status, challenges and perspectives.ACM Computing Surveys, 57(6):1–30, 2025.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Causality for trustworthy artificial intelligence: Status, challenges and perspectives.ACM Computing Surveys, 57(6):1–30, 2025

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.849055Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 16e7642a-b678-4576-98b2-f9b206ae6d2c · outbound

This paper cites Why should I trust you?.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Why should I trust you?

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.776289Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation dc4fde6f-7bd8-4874-819d-fa586394b116 · outbound

This paper cites Causal reasoning and the diagnostic process.Theoretical Medicine, 15(3):315–333, 1994.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Causal reasoning and the diagnostic process.Theoretical Medicine, 15(3):315–333, 1994

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.797162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 774e0cca-6d09-4356-95a6-91d17f64a0b9 · outbound

This paper cites Explanation as a social practice: Toward a conceptual framework for the social design of AI systems.IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 13(3):717–728, 2020.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Explanation as a social practice: Toward a conceptual framework for the social design of AI systems.IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 13(3):717–728, 2020

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.784429Z

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Observation cf06df6f-3494-4039-b4cc-bddef3fcfd53 · outbound

This paper cites Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead.Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(5):206–215.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead.Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(5):206–215

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.794900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation dc60aca9-71c5-43cc-b0d2-022e888096e5 · outbound

This paper cites Interpreting causality in the health sciences.International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 21(2):157–170, 2007.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Interpreting causality in the health sciences.International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 21(2):157–170, 2007

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.858283Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e6794673-1634-45f2-b5d8-3784acf29653 · outbound

This paper cites Salmon.Four Decades of Scientific Explanation.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Salmon.Four Decades of Scientific Explanation

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.828368Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation ee5d90df-5006-482b-ac1a-320b4bd2be3a · outbound

This paper cites Schaffner.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Schaffner

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.855592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 87443e6f-d309-408a-bb92-1eba5e998292 · outbound

This paper cites University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy University of Chicago Press, 1993

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.807234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 22162d4d-7415-4e65-b182-8b45459f45e6 · outbound

This paper cites Explaining disease: Correlations, causes, and mechanisms.Minds and Machines, 8(1):61–78, 1998.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Explaining disease: Correlations, causes, and mechanisms.Minds and Machines, 8(1):61–78, 1998

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.820483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4dcfdd39-eee0-401d-a267-799b0ab9e95f · outbound

This paper cites A survey on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward medical XAI.IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 32(11):4793–4813, 2020.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy A survey on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward medical XAI.IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 32(11):4793–4813, 2020

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.730059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 812f6820-3865-47cf-9bbb-4001e73deaa1 · outbound

This paper cites The pragmatics of explanation.American Philosophical Quarterly, 14(2):143–150, 1977.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy The pragmatics of explanation.American Philosophical Quarterly, 14(2):143–150, 1977

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.771199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 78a4165a-11ab-4ec8-a5dc-1fdec058660c · outbound

This paper cites Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy Cambridge University Press, 2019

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-06T22:02:59.719069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.