Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 6 minor 1 cited by

Many-Body Physics with Rydberg Atoms: Quantum Simulation and Non-equilibrium Dynamics

T0 review · 2 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-07-14 · grok-4.5

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read Rydberg atoms unify programmable many-body quantum simulation with driven-dissipative collective phases for quantum technologies.

desk verdict Solid, citation-rich review that cleanly unifies array quantum simulation with ensemble nonequilibrium dynamics; no new results, but useful and referee-worthy as synthesis. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.11038 v1 pith:PKOBK65O submitted 2026-07-13 quant-ph physics.atom-ph

Zhengyang Bai , Cheng Chen , Fan Yang , Weibin Li This is my paper
classification quant-phphysics.atom-ph PACS 32.80.Ee03.67.Ac05.30.Rt42.50.Nn
keywords Rydbergatomsquantumsimulationatomarraysnonequilibriumdynamicstimecrystalsself-organizedcriticalityopticalbistabilitysensing
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This review argues that Rydberg atoms, with their strong tunable long-range interactions, form a single experimental platform that can both implement programmable spin models (Ising, XY, constrained and topological) in reconfigurable atom arrays and host interaction-driven nonequilibrium phases (optical bistability, continuous and discrete time crystals, self-organized criticality) in thermal ensembles. The authors synthesize the microscopic interaction Hamiltonians, mean-field and kinetic-constraint analyses, and a survey of recent array and vapor-cell experiments that have realized ordered phases, scars, lattice-gauge dynamics, spin liquids, limit cycles and avalanche statistics. A sympathetic reader cares because the same dipole physics that engineers constrained Hilbert spaces for quantum simulation also produces the nonlinearities that drive synchronization and critical sensing, so progress on one side directly informs the other. The paper claims this duality is already yielding concrete technological routes: larger arrays for fault-tolerant simulation, hybrid digital-analog processors, and critical-point metrology at nV cm^{-1} Hz^{-1/2} levels. Looking forward it points to continuous filling of thousands of atoms, motional-state control, fermionic encodings and logical-qubit architectures as the next steps that would make the platform transformative.

What carries the argument

The Rydberg blockade and resonant dipole-dipole exchange (plus soft-core Rydberg dressing), which map atomic states onto Ising/XY/constrained Hamiltonians in arrays and, under mean-field treatment of the same interactions, produce the nonlinear optical Bloch equations whose bifurcations yield the observed nonequilibrium phases.

What would settle it

A cold, spatially resolved Rydberg-array experiment that measures local density correlations or entanglement entropy inside a putative limit-cycle or bistable regime and finds them incompatible with the mean-field phase diagram of Fig. 4 would falsify the semiclassical account of the nonequilibrium phases.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Rydberg atoms furnish a unified experimental setting in which the same long-range dipole and van-der-Waals interactions both enable high-fidelity programmable quantum simulation of many-body spin, constrained and topological models in reconfigurable arrays and generate driven-dissipative collective phases—bistability, continuous and discrete time crystals, and self-organized criticality—in thermal ensembles, with direct routes to quantum sensing and computation.

Load-bearing premise

Mean-field decoupling and velocity-class averaging remain accurate enough to capture the observed bistability, limit cycles and synchronization in thermal ensembles, even when spatial correlations or quantum fluctuations grow near criticality.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 6 minor

Summary. This manuscript is a review of many-body physics with Rydberg atoms, organized around two complementary settings: (i) programmable quantum simulation of spin and constrained models in reconfigurable atom arrays (van der Waals Ising/PXP, resonant dipolar XY, Rydberg dressing, hybrid digital–analog protocols, LGT and optimization applications), and (ii) driven-dissipative nonequilibrium phases in thermal ensembles (mean-field optical bistability, continuous and discrete time crystals, synchronization, absorbing-state transitions and self-organized criticality). The authors present standard Hamiltonians (e.g. Ising Eq. (1), XY Eq. (2), soft-core dressing Eq. (4), mean-field Bloch equations (6)–(7)), phase diagrams, and a survey of experimental milestones, and close with an outlook on scalability, motional control, fermionic simulation, error mitigation, and metrology.

Significance. If accepted as a synthesis of the current literature, the review is timely and useful. It brings together array-based coherent many-body simulation and ensemble-based driven-dissipative collective dynamics under one framework, which matches how the field has evolved and is of clear interest to quant-ph and AMO communities. Strengths include accurate attribution of experimental milestones (e.g. Bernien 51-atom arrays, Semeghini spin liquid, Carr bistability, recent CTC/DTC and SOC works), standard and correctly stated model Hamiltonians, and a forward-looking outlook that names concrete technological directions (continuous filling, erasure conversion, logical processors, criticality-enhanced sensing). As a literature review rather than a primary-result paper, its value is pedagogical and organizational rather than a new theorem or measurement.

major comments (2)
  1. Sec. III.A and Fig. 4: The bipartite mean-field analysis and the UNI/AF/OSC phase diagram are presented as the interpretive backbone for the ensemble experiments. The text correctly notes that full master-equation numerics are limited to N≲10 and that mean-field is motivated by large N and weak correlations, but the review understates how load-bearing this approximation is near the critical and Hopf points that later sections use for metrology and time-crystal claims. A short, explicit discussion of when spatial correlations, velocity-class inhomogeneity, or quantum fluctuations invalidate the fixed-point/Jacobian picture (and pointers to truncated-Wigner or cluster methods already cited) would make the central interpretive claim more robust without changing the narrative.
  2. Abstract and Sec. I claim a “critical survey of experimental techniques for their precise manipulation and observation.” In practice, Secs. II–III are phenomenon- and model-driven; tweezer assembly, mid-circuit transport, EIT readout, velocity selection, and fidelity/error budgets appear only in passing. Either expand a dedicated techniques subsection (or table) that critically compares capabilities and limitations across array vs vapor platforms, or soften the abstract/intro wording so the manuscript’s actual emphasis—models, phases, and milestones—is accurately described.
minor comments (6)
  1. Throughout Sec. III and the embedded figure panels: the extracted manuscript text contains extensive OCR/layout artifacts (e.g. “Vo /l.altume”, fragmented Nature/Science captions, residual latexit blocks). Ensure the production PDF has clean, self-contained figure captions and that reproduced panels are legible at journal size; currently several phase-diagram and transmission figures are hard to parse from the text alone.
  2. Eqs. (6)–(7) and the bipartite reduction: define the sign convention for V_AB (attractive vs repulsive) and the relation n_r = 0.5 − s_z consistently in one place; the phase-diagram caption sets V_AB = −8 without restating units relative to γ and Ω.
  3. Sec. II.B.2 and the t–J–V Hamiltonian (3a–c): the mapping of |↓⟩, |↑⟩, |h⟩ to specific nS/nP states is clear, but a one-line statement of the regime of validity (relative sizes of t_σ, J_⊥, J_z, V versus decay) would help non-specialists.
  4. Sec. IV outlook cites several 2024–2026 arXiv preprints alongside published work. For a review, briefly flag which items are peer-reviewed versus preprint when they support “milestone” language, or group them as “recent developments.”
  5. Notation: ħ ≡ 1 is stated once; thereafter Ω, Δ, γ, V appear both with and without explicit 2π factors in experimental numbers. A short units note (angular vs cyclic frequencies) would reduce ambiguity when comparing theory panels to vapor-cell data.
  6. References: a few parallel reviews are mentioned in the introduction; adding 1–2 standard earlier Rydberg-many-body reviews (beyond Saffman/Browaeys) in the opening would help readers place this synthesis in the literature.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: literature review synthesizing external experimental milestones and standard mean-field/Hamiltonian constructions without self-referential predictions or load-bearing self-citation chains.

full rationale

This is an explicit review article whose central claim is a synthesis of the field (Rydberg arrays for programmable Ising/XY/constrained/topological models plus driven-dissipative ensembles for bistability, time crystals, and SOC). Load-bearing content consists of standard model Hamiltonians (transverse-field Ising Eq. 1, dipolar XY Eq. 2, soft-core Rydberg dressing Eq. 4) and textbook mean-field Bloch equations (Eqs. 6–7) whose fixed-point/Jacobian analysis yields the UNI/AF/OSC phase diagram of Fig. 4; these are not fitted to the paper’s own data nor defined in terms of the claimed phases. All experimental milestones (Bernien 51-atom Z_n crystals, Semeghini spin liquid, Carr bistability, Wu/Ding/Wadenpfuhl continuous time crystals, Helmrich SOC, etc.) are attributed to independent groups via ordinary citations. Occasional self-citations (e.g., authors’ prior works on synchronization or metrology) appear among dozens of external references and are not used to justify uniqueness theorems, force ansatze, or convert fits into “predictions.” No derivation reduces by construction to its inputs; the review is self-contained against the external literature it surveys.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

As a review the paper inherits the standard axioms of open quantum systems and Rydberg physics; it introduces no free parameters of its own and invents no new entities. Load-bearing modeling choices (mean-field, two-level reduction, velocity selection) are domain assumptions already used in the cited literature.

assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption Lindblad master equation with local jump operators adequately describes dissipation (spontaneous emission + dephasing) in both arrays and thermal ensembles.
    Used throughout Sec. II and III to write the equations of motion; standard in the Rydberg literature.
  • domain assumption Mean-field factorization of the many-body density matrix is sufficient to locate the UNI/AF/OSC phases and Hopf bifurcations in thermal vapors.
    Explicitly adopted in Sec. III.A to obtain the phase diagrams of Fig. 4; known to neglect correlations that may matter near criticality.
  • domain assumption Rydberg blockade or soft-core dressing maps onto effective spin-1/2 Ising/XY Hamiltonians with the stated interaction forms (C6/R^6, C3/R^3).
    Foundation of all quantum-simulation sections (II.A–II.C); experimentally validated but still an effective low-energy description.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Many-Body Physics with Rydberg Atoms: Quantum Simulation and Non-equilibrium Dynamics." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/PKOBK65O

@misc{pith2026260711038,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Many-Body Physics with Rydberg Atoms: Quantum Simulation and Non-equilibrium Dynamics},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/PKOBK65O}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.11038}
}
read the original abstract

Rydberg atoms, characterized by their strong and long-range dipole-dipole interactions, provide a versatile platform for exploring intriguing collective and many-body effects. Recently, the experimental realization of these effects in dense ensembles and reconfigurable atomic arrays has attracted significant interest, particularly for applications in quantum simulations and non-equilibrium physics. This review focuses on such recent development, discussing the theoretical foundations of the interactions between Rydberg atoms and the ensuing many-body physics, while providing a critical survey of experimental techniques for their precise manipulation and observation. We further discuss recent breakthroughs in leveraging Rydberg collective effects to probe novel many-body phases and non-equilibrium dynamics of these systems. By synthesizing theoretical insights with experimental milestones, we provide a comprehensive perspective on this rapidly evolving field and its transformative potential for future quantum technologies.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.11038 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Quantum simulation with Ising-type interactions in Rydberg arrays. (a) Realization of a quantum spin liquid on a Kagome lattice, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Quantum simulation with resonant dipole-dipole interactions in Rydberg arrays. (a) Observation of ferromagnetic and anti [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Rydberg quantum simulation with interactions induced in the ground-state manifolds. (a) Realization of an extended Bose-Hubbard [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (4 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_4.png]
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Rydberg clusters and synchronized oscillations. (A) Rydberg population nr as a function of Δ. When Δ approaches to the resonance, Rydberg population grows and starts to oscillate. (B) Dynamical oscillations of the active atoms (green) are synchronized at late time. The…
Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Floquet driving of nonequilibrium states in a driven-dissipative Rydberg gas. (a) Experimental setup. The probe (red) and FIG3EIT spectra with (top row) and without (bottom row [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_1.png]
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Characterizing the nonequilibrium phase transition. (a) Color map of the difference in probe transmission (normalized to the enough to obtain sufficient statistics. Figure4c shows the correspondi iil bbilitditibtiftibtid bbiith pse g p), yq enough to obtain su…

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Don't truncate, decompose: mean-field dynamics of long-range quantum systems from strongly correlated states

    cond-mat.stat-mech 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Strongly correlated long-range open quantum systems can be solved exactly by decomposing the initial state into independent mean-field trajectories and averaging.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

176 extracted references · 9 linked inside Pith · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    conveyor belts

    and as a dominant ionization mechanism in a beam of thermal Sr atoms, but the absence of significant shifts and broadening below ρ ðcÞ rr rules them out as the direct origin of the phase transition. However, even though they have no immediate effect on the spectra, the resulting ions and electrons are crucial for ionization avalanches and plasma formation...

    2020

  2. [2]

    Saffman, T

    M. Saffman, T. G. Walker, and K. Mølmer, Quantum informa- tion with Rydberg atoms, Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 2313 (2010)

    2010

  3. [3]

    Browaeys and T

    A. Browaeys and T. Lahaye, Many-body physics with individ- ually controlled Rydberg atoms, Nat. Phys.16, 132 (2020)

    2020

  4. [4]

    X. Wu, X. Liang, Y . Tian, F. Yang, C. Chen, Y .-C. Liu, M. K. Tey, and L. You, A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation, Chin. Phys. B 30, 020305 (2021)

    2021

  5. [5]

    C. Carr, R. Ritter, C. G. Wade, C. S. Adams, and K. J. Weather- ill, Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg En- semble, Phys. Rev. Lett.111, 113901 (2013)

    2013

  6. [6]

    Wadenpfuhl and C

    K. Wadenpfuhl and C. S. Adams, Emergence of Synchroniza- tion in a Driven-Dissipative Hot Rydberg Vapor, Phys. Rev. Lett.131, 143002 (2023)

    2023

  7. [7]

    D. Ding, Z. Bai, Z. Liu, B. Shi, G. Guo, W. Li, and C. S. Adams, Ergodicity breaking from Rydberg clusters in a driven-dissipative many-body system, Sci. Adv.10, eadl5893 (2024)

    2024

  8. [8]

    Bernien, S

    H. Bernien, S. Schwartz, A. Keesling, H. Levine, A. Omran, H. Pichler, S. Choi, A. S. Zibrov, M. Endres, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator, Nature551, 579 (2017)

    2017

Show all 176 references
  1. [9]

    Lienhard, S

    V . Lienhard, S. de L ´es´eleuc, D. Barredo, T. Lahaye, A. Browaeys, M. Schuler, L.-P. Henry, and A. M. L¨auchli, Ob- serving the Space- and Time-Dependent Growth of Correla- tions in Dynamically Tuned Synthetic Ising Models with An- tiferromagnetic Interactions, Phys. Rev. X8...

    2018

  2. [10]

    Keesling, A

    A. Keesling, A. Omran, H. Levine, H. Bernien, H. Pich- ler, S. Choi, R. Samajdar, S. Schwartz, P. Silvi, S. Sachdev, P. Zoller, M. Endres, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism and critical dynamics on a programmable Rydberg simulator, Natur...

    2019

  3. [11]

    Ebadi, T

    S. Ebadi, T. T. Wang, H. Levine, A. Keesling, G. Semeghini, A. Omran, D. Bluvstein, R. Samajdar, H. Pichler, W. W. Ho, S. Choi, S. Sachdev, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quan- tum simulator, Nature595, 227 (2021)

    2021

  4. [12]

    Scholl, M

    P. Scholl, M. Schuler, H. J. Williams, A. A. Eberharter, D. Barredo, K.-N. Schymik, V . Lienhard, L.-P. Henry, T. C. Lang, T. Lahaye, A. M. L ¨auchli, and A. Browaeys, Quantum simulation of 2D antiferromagnets with hundreds of Rydberg atoms, Nature595, 233 (2021)

    2021

  5. [13]

    de L ´es´eleuc, V

    S. de L ´es´eleuc, V . Lienhard, P. Scholl, D. Barredo, S. Weber, N. Lang, H. P. B¨uchler, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Observa- 15 tion of a symmetry-protected topological phase of interacting bosons with Rydberg atoms, Science365, 775 (2019)

    2019

  6. [14]

    Semeghini, H

    G. Semeghini, H. Levine, A. Keesling, S. Ebadi, T. T. Wang, D. Bluvstein, R. Verresen, H. Pichler, M. Kali- nowski, R. Samajdar, A. Omran, S. Sachdev, A. Vishwanath, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Probing topological spin liquids on a programmable quantum simulator...

    2021

  7. [15]

    C. J. Turner, A. A. Michailidis, D. A. Abanin, M. Serbyn, and Z. Papi´c, Weak ergodicity breaking from quantum many-body scars, Nat. Phys.14, 745 (2018)

    2018

  8. [16]

    Bluvstein, A

    D. Bluvstein, A. Omran, H. Levine, A. Keesling, G. Semegh- ini, S. Ebadi, T. T. Wang, A. A. Michailidis, N. Maskara, W. W. Ho, S. Choi, M. Serbyn, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti ´c, and M. D. Lukin, Controlling quantum many-body dynamics in driven Rydberg atom arrays, Science371, 1355 (2021)

    2021

  9. [17]

    X. Wu, Z. Wang, F. Yang, R. Gao, C. Liang, M. K. Tey, X. Li, T. Pohl, and L. You, Dissipative Time Crystal in a Strongly Interacting Rydberg Gas, Nat. Phys.20, 1389 (2024)

    2024

  10. [18]

    Ding, Z.-K

    D.-S. Ding, Z.-K. Liu, B.-S. Shi, G.-C. Guo, K. Mølmer, and C. S. Adams, Enhanced Metrology at the Critical Point of a Many-Body Rydberg Atomic System, Nat. Phys.18, 1447 (2022)

    2022

  11. [19]

    Labuhn, D

    H. Labuhn, D. Barredo, S. Ravets, S. De L ´es´eleuc, T. Macr`ı, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Tunable two-dimensional arrays of single Rydberg atoms for realizing quantum Ising models, Nature534, 667 (2016)

    2016

  12. [20]

    J. Choi, A. L. Shaw, I. S. Madjarov, X. Xie, R. Finkelstein, J. P. Covey, J. S. Cotler, D. K. Mark, H.-Y . Huang, A. Kale, H. Pichler, F. G. Brand ˜ao, S. Choi, and M. Endres, Prepar- ing random states and benchmarking with many-body quan- tum chaos, Nature613, 468 (2023)

    2023

  13. [21]

    Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, M

    D. Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, M. Hamdan, T. V . Zache, B. Braver- man, M. Kornjaˇca, A. Lukin, S. H. Cant ´u, F. Liu, S.-T. Wang, A. Keesling, M. D. Lukin, P. Zoller, and A. Bylinskii, Ob- servation of string breaking on a (2+1)D Rydberg quantum simulator, Nature642, 321 (2025)

    2025

  14. [22]

    Ga ¨etan, Y

    A. Ga ¨etan, Y . Miroshnychenko, T. Wilk, A. Chotia, M. Viteau, D. Comparat, P. Pillet, A. Browaeys, and P. Grangier, Obser- vation of collective excitation of two individual atoms in the Rydberg blockade regime, Nat. Phys.5, 115 (2009)

    2009

  15. [23]

    Urban, T

    E. Urban, T. A. Johnson, T. Henage, L. Isenhower, D. D. Yavuz, T. G. Walker, and M. Saffman, Observation of Ryd- berg blockade between two atoms, Nat. Phys.5, 110 (2009)

    2009

  16. [24]

    Bombieri, T

    L. Bombieri, T. V . Zache, G. Calliari, M. D. Lukin, H. Pich- ler, and D. Gonz´alez-Cuadra, Deconfined Quantum Criticality on a Triangular Rydberg Array, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 233602 (2025)

    2025

  17. [25]

    Verresen, M

    R. Verresen, M. D. Lukin, and A. Vishwanath, Prediction of Toric Code Topological Order from Rydberg Blockade, Phys. Rev. X11, 031005 (2021)

    2021

  18. [26]

    Zhang, H

    T. Zhang, H. Wang, W. Zhang, Y . Wang, A. Du, Z. Li, Y . Wu, C. Li, J. Hu, H. Zhai, and W. Chen, Observation of Near- Critical Kibble-Zurek Scaling in Rydberg Atom Arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 093403 (2025)

    2025

  19. [27]

    Manovitz, S

    T. Manovitz, S. H. Li, S. Ebadi, R. Samajdar, A. A. Geim, S. J. Evered, D. Bluvstein, H. Zhou, N. U. Koyluoglu, J. Feld- meier, P. E. Dolgirev, N. Maskara, M. Kalinowski, S. Sachdev, D. A. Huse, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Quan- tum coarsening and collective dyn...

    2025

  20. [28]

    H. Kim, Y . Park, K. Kim, H.-S. Sim, and J. Ahn, Detailed Bal- ance of Thermalization Dynamics in Rydberg-Atom Quantum Simulators, Phys. Rev. Lett.120, 180502 (2018)

    2018

  21. [29]

    C. Ates, J. P. Garrahan, and I. Lesanovsky, Thermalization of a Strongly Interacting Closed Spin System: From Coher- ent Many-Body Dynamics to a Fokker-Planck Equation, Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 110603 (2012)

    2012

  22. [30]

    A. L. Shaw, Z. Chen, J. Choi, D. K. Mark, P. Scholl, R. Finkel- stein, A. Elben, S. Choi, and M. Endres, Benchmarking highly entangled states on a 60-atom analogue quantum simulator, Nature628, 71 (2024)

    2024

  23. [31]

    Liang, Z

    X. Liang, Z. Yue, Y .-X. Chao, Z.-X. Hua, Y . Lin, M. K. Tey, and L. You, Observation of Anomalous Information Scram- bling in a Rydberg Atom Array, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 050201 (2025)

    2025

  24. [32]

    Xiang, Y .-W

    D.-S. Xiang, Y .-W. Zhang, H.-X. Liu, P. Zhou, D. Yuan, K. Zhang, S.-Y . Zhang, B. Xu, L. Liu, Y . Li, and L. Li, Observation of quantum information collapse-and- revival in a strongly-interacting Rydberg atom array (2024), arXiv:2410.15455 [quant-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  25. [33]

    K. Kim, F. Yang, K. Mølmer, and J. Ahn, Realization of an Extremely Anisotropic Heisenberg Magnet in Rydberg Atom Arrays, Phys. Rev. X14, 011025 (2024)

    2024

  26. [34]

    F. Yang, H. Yarloo, H.-C. Zhang, K. Mølmer, and A. E. B. Nielsen, Probing Hilbert space fragmentation with strongly in- teracting Rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. B111, 144313 (2025)

    2025

  27. [35]

    L. Zhao, P. R. Datla, W. Tian, M. M. Aliyu, and H. Loh, Obser- vation of Quantum Thermalization Restricted to Hilbert Space Fragments andZ 2k Scars, Phys. Rev. X15, 011035 (2025)

    2025

  28. [36]

    P. R. Datla, L. Zhao, W. W. Ho, N. Klco, and H. Loh, Sta- tistical localization ofU(1) lattice gauge theory in a Rydberg simulator, Nat. Phys.22, 355 (2026)

    2026

  29. [37]

    Y .-X. Chao, P. Ge, Z.-X. Hua, C. Jia, X. Wang, X. Liang, Z. Yue, R. Lu, M. K. Tey, X. Wang, and L. You, Probing False Vacuum Decay and Bubble Nucleation in a Rydberg Atom Ar- ray, Phys. Rev. Lett.136, 120407 (2026)

    2026

  30. [38]

    Osterholz, F

    P. Osterholz, F. Bensch, S. Tang, S. B. Sheela, B. Sbierski, I. Lesanovsky, and C. Groß, Collective cluster nucleation dy- namics in quantum magnets (2026), arXiv:2512.04656 [cond- mat.quant-gas]

    2026

  31. [39]

    Darbha, A

    S. Darbha, A. Khudorozhkov, P. L. Lopes, F. Liu, E. Rra- paj, J. Balewski, M. Hamdan, P. E. Dolgirev, A. Schuckert, K. Klymko,et al., Probing emergent prethermal dynamics and resonant melting on a programmable quantum simulator, arXiv:2510.11706 (2025)

    2025

  32. [40]

    M. C. Ba ˜nuls, R. Blatt, J. Catani, A. Celi, J. I. Cirac, M. Dal- monte, L. Fallani, K. Jansen, M. Lewenstein, S. Montangero, et al., Simulating lattice gauge theories within quantum tech- nologies, Eur. Phys. J. D.74, 165 (2020)

    2020

  33. [41]

    F. M. Surace, P. P. Mazza, G. Giudici, A. Lerose, A. Gam- bassi, and M. Dalmonte, Lattice gauge theories and string dy- namics in Rydberg atom quantum simulators, Phys. Rev. X10, 021041 (2020)

    2020

  34. [42]

    Homeier, A

    L. Homeier, A. Bohrdt, S. Linsel, E. Demler, J. C. Halimeh, and F. Grusdt, Realistic scheme for quantum simulation of Z 2 lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter in (2+1) D, Commun. Phys.6, 127 (2023)

    2023

  35. [43]

    Cheng and H

    Y . Cheng and H. Zhai, Emergent U (1) lattice gauge theory in Rydberg atom arrays, Nat. Rev. Phys.6, 566 (2024)

    2024

  36. [44]

    Xiang, P

    D.-S. Xiang, P. Zhou, C. Liu, H.-X. Liu, Y .-W. Zhang, D. Yuan, K. Zhang, B. Xu, M. Dalmonte, D.-L. Deng, and L. Li, Real-time scattering and freeze-out dynamics in Rydberg-atom lattice gauge theory, arXiv:2508.06639 (2025)

    2025 arXiv

  37. [45]

    D. K. Mark, F. M. Surace, T. Schuster, A. L. Shaw, W. Gong, S. Choi, and M. Endres, Observation of ballistic plasma and memory in high-energy gauge theory dynamics, arXiv:2510.11679 (2025). 16

    2025

  38. [46]

    Pichler, S.-T

    H. Pichler, S.-T. Wang, L. Zhou, S. Choi, and M. D. Lukin, Quantum optimization for maximum independent set using Rydberg atom arrays, arXiv:1808.10816 (2018)

    2018 arXiv

  39. [47]

    Ebadi, A

    S. Ebadi, A. Keesling, M. Cain, T. T. Wang, H. Levine, D. Blu- vstein, G. Semeghini, A. Omran, J.-G. Liu, R. Samajdar, X.- Z. Luo, B. Nash, X. Gao, B. Barak, E. Farhi, S. Sachdev, N. Gemelke, L. Zhou, S. Choi, H. Pichler, S.-T. Wang, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, ...

    2022

  40. [48]

    M. Kim, K. Kim, J. Hwang, E.-G. Moon, and J. Ahn, Rydberg quantum wires for maximum independent set problems, Nat. Phys.18, 755 (2022)

    2022

  41. [49]

    A. Byun, M. Kim, and J. Ahn, Finding the Maximum Inde- pendent Sets of Platonic Graphs Using Rydberg Atoms, PRX Quantum3, 030305 (2022)

    2022

  42. [50]

    Nguyen, J.-G

    M.-T. Nguyen, J.-G. Liu, J. Wurtz, M. D. Lukin, S.-T. Wang, and H. Pichler, Quantum optimization with arbitrary connec- tivity using Rydberg atom arrays, PRX Quantum4, 010316 (2023)

    2023

  43. [51]

    De Oliveira, E

    A. De Oliveira, E. Diamond-Hitchcock, D. Walker, M. Wells- Pestell, G. Pelegri, C. Picken, G. Malcolm, A. Daley, J. Bass, and J. Pritchard, Demonstration of weighted-graph optimiza- tion on a Rydberg-atom array using local light shifts, PRX Quantum6, 010301 (2025)

    2025

  44. [52]

    Bombieri, Z

    L. Bombieri, Z. Zeng, R. Tricarico, R. Lin, S. Notarnicola, M. Cain, M. D. Lukin, and H. Pichler, Quantum Adiabatic Optimization with Rydberg Arrays: Localization Phenomena and Encoding Strategies, PRX Quantum6, 020306 (2025)

    2025

  45. [53]

    C. Chen, G. Bornet, M. Bintz, G. Emperauger, L. Leclerc, V . S. Liu, P. Scholl, D. Barredo, J. Hauschild, S. Chatterjee, M. Schuler, A. M. L ¨auchli, M. P. Zaletel, T. Lahaye, N. Y . Yao, and A. Browaeys, Continuous symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional Rydberg array, Nature6...

    2023

  46. [54]

    Yue, Y .-F

    Z. Yue, Y .-F. Mao, X. Liang, Z.-X. Hua, P. Ge, Y .-X. Chao, K. Li, C. Jia, M. K. Tey, Y . Xu, and L. You, Average topolog- ical phase in a disordered Rydberg atom array, Nat. Phys.22, 844 (2026)

    2026

  47. [55]

    Zhang, B

    Y .-W. Zhang, B. Xu, Y . Zhou, D.-S. Xiang, H.-X. Liu, P. Zhou, K. Zhang, R. Liao, T. Pohl, W. Li, and L. Li, Observation of non-Hermitian many-body phase transition in a Rydberg-atom array, arXiv: 2512.02753 (2025)

    2025

  48. [56]

    de L ´es´eleuc, D

    S. de L ´es´eleuc, D. Barredo, V . Lienhard, A. Browaeys, and T. Lahaye, Optical Control of the Resonant Dipole-Dipole Interaction between Rydberg Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett.119, 053202 (2017)

    2017

  49. [57]

    Bornet, G

    G. Bornet, G. Emperauger, C. Chen, B. Ye, M. Block, M. Bintz, J. A. Boyd, D. Barredo, T. Comparin, F. Mezzacapo, T. Roscilde, T. Lahaye, N. Y . Yao, and A. Browaeys, Scalable spin squeezing in a dipolar Rydberg atom array, Nature621, 728 (2023)

    2023

  50. [58]

    C. Chen, G. Emperauger, G. Bornet, F. Caleca, B. G ´ely, M. Bintz, S. Chatterjee, V . Liu, D. Barredo, N. Y . Yao, T. La- haye, F. Mezzacapo, T. Roscilde, and A. Browaeys, Spec- troscopy of elementary excitations from quench dynamics in a dipolar XY Rydberg simulator, Science3...

    2025

  51. [59]

    Bornet, G

    G. Bornet, G. Emperauger, C. Chen, F. Machado, S. Chern, L. Leclerc, B. G´ely, Y . T. Chew, D. Barredo, T. Lahaye, N. Y . Yao, and A. Browaeys, Enhancing a Many-Body Dipolar Ryd- berg Tweezer Array with Arbitrary Local Controls, Phys. Rev. Lett.132, 263601 (2024)

    2024

  52. [60]

    Emperauger, M

    G. Emperauger, M. Qiao, C. Chen, F. Caleca, S. Bocini, M. Bintz, G. Bornet, R. Martin, B. G ´ely, L. Klein, D. Barredo, S. Chatterjee, N. Y . Yao, F. Mezzacapo, T. La- haye, T. Roscilde, and A. Browaeys, Tomonaga-Luttinger Liq- uid Behavior in a Rydberg-Encoded Spin Chain, Phy...

    2025

  53. [61]

    Bintz, V

    M. Bintz, V . S. Liu, J. Hauschild, A. Khalifa, S. Chatterjee, M. P. Zaletel, and N. Y . Yao, Dirac spin liquid in quantum dipole arrays (2024), arXiv:2406.00098 [cond-mat.str-el]

    2024 arXiv

  54. [62]

    Y .-F. Mao, S. Ma, and Y . Xu, Chiral Spin Liquid in Rydberg Atom Arrays (2026), arXiv:2603.21147 [cond-mat.str-el]

    2026

  55. [63]

    Machado, S

    F. Machado, S. Chern, M. P. Zaletel, and N. Y . Yao, A Dipolar Chiral Spin Liquid on the Breathed Kagome Lattice (2026), arXiv:2603.25784 [cond-mat.quant-gas]

    2026 arXiv

  56. [64]

    Bornet, M

    G. Bornet, M. Bintz, C. Chen, G. Emperauger, D. Barredo, S. Chatterjee, V . S. Liu, T. Lahaye, M. P. Zaletel, N. Y . Yao, and A. Browaeys, Dirac Spin Liquid Candidate in a Ry- dberg Quantum Simulator (2026), arXiv:2602.14323 [cond- mat.quant-gas]

    2026 arXiv

  57. [65]

    Geier, N

    S. Geier, N. Thaicharoen, C. Hainaut, T. Franz, A. Salzinger, A. Tebben, D. Grimshandl, G. Z¨urn, and M. Weidem¨uller, Flo- quet Hamiltonian engineering of an isolated many-body spin system, Science374, 1149 (2021)

    2021

  58. [66]

    Scholl, H

    P. Scholl, H. J. Williams, G. Bornet, F. Wallner, D. Barredo, L. Henriet, A. Signoles, C. Hainaut, T. Franz, S. Geier, A. Tebben, A. Salzinger, G. Z¨urn, T. Lahaye, M. Weidem¨uller, and A. Browaeys, Microwave Engineering of Programmable XXZHamiltonians in Arrays of Rydberg Ato...

    2022

  59. [67]

    Lienhard, P

    V . Lienhard, P. Scholl, S. Weber, D. Barredo, S. de L´es´eleuc, R. Bai, N. Lang, M. Fleischhauer, H. P. B ¨uchler, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Realization of a Density-Dependent Peierls Phase in a Synthetic, Spin-Orbit Coupled Rydberg System, Phys. Rev. X10, 021031 (2020)

    2020

  60. [68]

    Weber, R

    S. Weber, R. Bai, N. Makki, J. M ¨ogerle, T. Lahaye, A. Browaeys, M. Daghofer, N. Lang, and H. P. B¨uchler, Exper- imentally Accessible Scheme for a Fractional Chern Insulator in Rydberg Atoms, PRX Quantum3, 030302 (2022)

    2022

  61. [69]

    Ohler, M

    S. Ohler, M. Kiefer-Emmanouilidis, and M. Fleischhauer, Quantum spin liquids of Rydberg excitations in a honeycomb lattice induced by density-dependent Peierls phases, Phys. Rev. Res.5, 013157 (2023)

    2023

  62. [70]

    T. Chen, C. Huang, I. Velkovsky, K. R. Hazzard, J. P. Covey, and B. Gadway, Strongly interacting Rydberg atoms in syn- thetic dimensions with a magnetic flux, Nat. Commun.15, 2675 (2024)

    2024

  63. [71]

    T. Chen, C. Huang, I. Velkovsky, T. Ozawa, H. Price, J. P. Covey, and B. Gadway, Interaction-driven breakdown of Aharonov–Bohm caging in flat-band Rydberg lattices, Nat. Phys.21, 221 (2025)

    2025

  64. [72]

    Weckesser, K

    P. Weckesser, K. Srakaew, T. Blatz, D. Wei, D. Adler, S. Agrawal, A. Bohrdt, I. Bloch, and J. Zeiher, Realization of a Rydberg-dressed extended Bose-Hubbard model, Science 390, 849 (2025)

    2025

  65. [73]

    S. J. Evered, M. Kalinowski, A. A. Geim, T. Manovitz, D. Blu- vstein, S. H. Li, N. Maskara, H. Zhou, S. Ebadi, M. Xu, J. Campo, M. Cain, S. Ostermann, S. F. Yelin, S. Sachdev, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Probing the Kitaev honeycomb model on a neutral-atom quant...

    2025

  66. [74]

    Homeier, Lukas and Harris, Timothy J. and Blatz, Tizian and Geier, Sebastian and Hollerith, Simon and Schollw ¨ock, Ul- rich and Grusdt, Fabian and Bohrdt, Annabelle, Antiferromag- netic Bosonict−JModels and Their Quantum Simulation in Tweezer Arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett.132, 2304...

    2024

  67. [75]

    M. Qiao, G. Emperauger, C. Chen, L. Homeier, S. Hollerith, G. Bornet, R. Martin, B. G´ely, L. Klein, D. Barredo, S. Geier, 17 N.-C. Chiu, F. Grusdt, A. Bohrdt, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Realization of a doped quantum antiferromagnet in a Rydberg tweezer array, Nature644, 889 (2025)

    2025

  68. [76]

    M. Qiao, R. Martin, L. Homeier, I. Morera, B. G ´ely, L. Klein, Y . T. Chew, D. Barredo, T. Lahaye, E. Demler, and A. Browaeys, Kinetically-induced bound states in a frustrated Rydberg tweezer array (2025), arXiv:2510.17183 [quant-ph]

    2025

  69. [77]

    K. Chen, Y . Qi, Z. Yan, and X. Li, Double Supersolid Phase in a Bosonict−J−VModel with Rydberg Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 266003 (2025)

    2025

  70. [78]

    Henkel, R

    N. Henkel, R. Nath, and T. Pohl, Three-Dimensional Ro- ton Excitations and Supersolid Formation in Rydberg-Excited Bose-Einstein Condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 195302 (2010)

    2010

  71. [79]

    J. E. Johnson and S. L. Rolston, Interactions between Rydberg-dressed atoms, Phys. Rev. A82, 033412 (2010)

    2010

  72. [80]

    Zeiher, R

    J. Zeiher, R. van Bijnen, P. Schauß, S. Hild, J.-y. Choi, T. Pohl, I. Bloch, and C. Gross, Many-body interferometry of a Rydberg-dressed spin lattice, Nat. Phys.12, 1095 (2016)

    2016

  73. [81]

    Y .-Y . Jau, A. M. Hankin, T. Keating, I. H. Deutsch, and G. W. Biedermann, Entangling atomic spins with a Rydberg-dressed spin-flip blockade, Nat. Phys.12, 71 (2016)

    2016

  74. [82]

    Zeiher, J.-y

    J. Zeiher, J.-y. Choi, A. Rubio-Abadal, T. Pohl, R. van Bijnen, I. Bloch, and C. Gross, Coherent Many-Body Spin Dynam- ics in a Long-Range Interacting Ising Chain, Phys. Rev. X7, 041063 (2017)

    2017

  75. [83]

    Borish, O

    V . Borish, O. Markovi ´c, J. A. Hines, S. V . Rajagopal, and M. Schleier-Smith, Transverse-Field Ising Dynamics in a Rydberg-Dressed Atomic Gas, Phys. Rev. Lett.124, 063601 (2020)

    2020

  76. [84]

    Hollerith, K

    S. Hollerith, K. Srakaew, D. Wei, A. Rubio-Abadal, D. Adler, P. Weckesser, A. Kruckenhauser, V . Walther, R. van Bij- nen, J. Rui, C. Gross, I. Bloch, and J. Zeiher, Realizing Distance-Selective Interactions in a Rydberg-Dressed Atom Array, Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 113602 (2022)

    2022

  77. [85]

    Steinert, P

    L.-M. Steinert, P. Osterholz, R. Eberhard, L. Festa, N. Lorenz, Z. Chen, A. Trautmann, and C. Gross, Spatially Tunable Spin Interactions in Neutral Atom Arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett.130, 243001 (2023)

    2023

  78. [86]

    W. J. Eckner, N. Darkwah Oppong, A. Cao, A. W. Young, W. R. Milner, J. M. Robinson, J. Ye, and A. M. Kaufman, Re- alizing spin squeezing with Rydberg interactions in an optical clock, Nature621, 734 (2023)

    2023

  79. [87]

    A. Cao, W. J. Eckner, T. Lukin Yelin, A. W. Young, S. Jandura, L. Yan, K. Kim, G. Pupillo, J. Ye, N. Darkwah Oppong, and A. M. Kaufman, Multi-qubit gates and Schr ¨odinger cat states in an optical clock, Nature634, 315 (2024)

    2024

  80. [88]

    Weimer, M

    H. Weimer, M. M ¨uller, I. Lesanovsky, P. Zoller, and H. P. B¨uchler, A Rydberg quantum simulator, Nat. Phys.6, 382 (2010)

    2010

  81. [89]

    Levine, A

    H. Levine, A. Keesling, G. Semeghini, A. Omran, T. T. Wang, S. Ebadi, H. Bernien, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, H. Pichler,et al., Parallel implementation of high-fidelity multiqubit gates with neutral atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett.123, 170503 (2019)

    2019

  82. [90]

    T. M. Graham, Y . Song, J. Scott, C. Poole, L. Phuttitarn, K. Jooya, P. Eichler, X. Jiang, A. Marra, B. Grinkemeyer, M. Kwon, M. Ebert, J. Cherek, M. T. Lichtman, M. Gillette, J. Gilbert, D. Bowman, T. Ballance, C. Campbell, E. D. Dahl, O. Crawford, N. S. Blunt, B. Rogers, T. ...

    2022

  83. [91]

    S. J. Evered, D. Bluvstein, M. Kalinowski, S. Ebadi, T. Manovitz, H. Zhou, S. H. Li, A. A. Geim, T. T. Wang, N. Maskara, H. Levine, G. Semeghini, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer, Nature622, 2...

    2023

  84. [92]

    Bluvstein, H

    D. Bluvstein, H. Levine, G. Semeghini, T. T. Wang, S. Ebadi, M. Kalinowski, A. Keesling, N. Maskara, H. Pichler, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, A quantum processor based on coherent transport of entangled atom arrays, Nature 604, 451 (2022)

    2022

  85. [93]

    A. A. Geim, N. U. Koyluoglu, S. J. Evered, R. Sahay, S. H. Li, M. Xu, D. Bluvstein, N. O. Gjonbalaj, N. Maskara, M. Kali- nowski, T. Manovitz, R. Verresen, S. F. Yelin, J. Feldmeier, M. Greiner, V . Vuletic, and M. D. Lukin, Engineering quan- tum criticality and dynamics on an...

    2026

  86. [94]

    Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, T

    D. Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, T. V . Zache, J. Carrasco, B. Kraus, and P. Zoller, Hardware efficient quantum simulation of non- Abelian gauge theories with qudits on Rydberg platforms, Phys. Rev. Lett.129, 160501 (2022)

    2022

  87. [95]

    Maskara, S

    N. Maskara, S. Ostermann, J. Shee, M. Kalinowski, A. Mc- Clain Gomez, R. Araiza Bravo, D. S. Wang, A. I. Krylov, N. Y . Yao, M. Head-Gordon,et al., Programmable simulations of molecules and materials with reconfigurable quantum proces- sors, Nat. Phys.21, 289 (2025)

    2025

  88. [96]

    Warman, F

    A. Warman, F. Yang, A. Tiwari, H. Pichler, and S. Sch ¨afer- Nameki, Categorical Symmetries in Spin Models with Atom Arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 206503 (2025)

    2025

  89. [97]

    Shao, S.-L

    X.-Q. Shao, S.-L. Su, L. Li, R. Nath, J.-H. Wu, and W. Li, Ry- dberg Superatoms: An Artificial Quantum System for Quan- tum Information Processing and Quantum Optics, Appl. Phys. Rev.11, 031320 (2024)

    2024

  90. [98]

    Tanasittikosol, C

    M. Tanasittikosol, C. Carr, C. S. Adams, and K. J. Weath- erill, Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spec- troscopy, Phys. Rev. A85, 033830 (2012)

    2012

  91. [99]

    R. M. Potvliege and C. S. Adams, Photo-ionization in far-off- resonance optical lattices, New J. Phys.8, 163 (2006)

    2006

  92. [100]

    T. E. Lee, H. H ¨affner, and M. C. Cross, Antiferromagnetic phase transition in a nonequilibrium lattice of Rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. A84, 031402 (2011)

    2011

  93. [101]

    T. E. Lee, H. Haeffner, and M. Cross, Collective quantum jumps of Rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 023602 (2012)

    2012

  94. [102]

    Weller, J

    D. Weller, J. P. Shaffer, T. Pfau, R. L¨ow, and H. K¨ubler, Inter- play between thermal Rydberg gases and plasmas, Phys. Rev. A99, 043418 (2019)

    2019

  95. [103]

    Z. Bai, C. S. Adams, G. Huang, and W. Li, Self-Induced Transparency in Warm and Strongly Interacting Rydberg Gases, Phys. Rev. Lett.125, 263605 (2020)

    2020

  96. [104]

    Schachenmayer, A

    J. Schachenmayer, A. Pikovski, and A. M. Rey, Many-Body Quantum Spin Dynamics with Monte Carlo Trajectories on a Discrete Phase Space, Phys. Rev. X5, 011022 (2015)

    2015

  97. [105]

    V . P. Singh and H. Weimer, Driven-Dissipative Criticality within the Discrete Truncated Wigner Approximation, Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 200602 (2022)

    2022

  98. [106]

    Hosseinabadi, O

    H. Hosseinabadi, O. Chelpanova, and J. Marino, User- Friendly Truncated Wigner Approximation for Dissipative Spin Dynamics, PRX Quantum6, 030344 (2025)

    2025

  99. [107]

    Diehl, A

    S. Diehl, A. Tomadin, A. Micheli, R. Fazio, and P. Zoller, Dy- namical Phase Transitions and Instabilities in Open Atomic Many-Body Systems, Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 015702 (2010)

    2010

  100. [108]

    Y . He, Z. Bai, Y . Jiao, J. Zhao, and W. Li, Superradiance- Induced Multistability in One-Dimensional Driven Rydberg Lattice Gases, Phys. Rev. A106, 063319 (2022)

    2022

  101. [109]

    S. H. Strogatz,Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Appli- cations to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering (2nd ed.)(CRC Press, 2015)

    2015

  102. [110]

    Zhang, Z

    Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, S. Han, Y . Zhang, G. Zhang, J. Wu, V . B. 18 Sovkov, W. Liu, Y . Li, L. Zhang, L. Xiao, S. Jia, W. Li, and J. Ma, Microwave-Coupled Optical Bistability in Driven and Interacting Rydberg Gases, Npj Quantum Inf.11, 44 (2025)

    2025

  103. [111]

    C. G. Wade, M. Marcuzzi, E. Levi, J. M. Kondo, I. Lesanovsky, C. S. Adams, and K. J. Weatherill, A Terahertz- Driven Non-Equilibrium Phase Transition in a Room Temper- ature Atomic Vapour, Nat. Commun.9, 3567 (2018)

    2018

  104. [112]

    J. Yuan, W. Yang, M. Jing, H. Zhang, Y . Jiao, W. Li, L. Zhang, L. Xiao, and S. Jia, Quantum Sensing of Microwave Electric Fields Based on Rydberg Atoms, Rep. Prog. Phys.86, 106001 (2023)

    2023

  105. [113]

    J. A. Acebr ´on, L. L. Bonilla, C. J. P ´erez Vicente, F. Ritort, and R. Spigler, The Kuramoto model: A simple paradigm for synchronization phenomena, Rev. Mod. Phys.77, 137 (2005)

    2005

  106. [114]

    Liu, L.-H

    B. Liu, L.-H. Zhang, Q.-F. Wang, Y . Ma, T.-Y . Han, J. Zhang, Z.-Y . Zhang, S.-Y . Shao, Q. Li, H.-C. Chen, B.-S. Shi, and D.- S. Ding, Higher-Order and Fractional Discrete Time Crystals in Floquet-driven Rydberg Atoms, Nat. Commun.15, 9730 (2024)

    2024

  107. [115]

    Y . Jiao, Y . Zhang, J. Bai, S. Jia, C. S. Adams, Z. Bai, H. Shen, and J. Zhao, Photoionization-Induced Floquet Driving of a Discrete Time Crystal in a Thermal Rydberg Ensemble, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 163603 (2025)

    2025

  108. [116]

    M. Jing, Y . Hu, J. Ma, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Xiao, and S. Jia, Atomic superheterodyne receiver based on microwave-dressed Rydberg spectroscopy, Nat. Phys.16, 911 (2020)

    2020

  109. [117]

    Y . Jiao, L. Hao, X. Han, S. Bai, G. Raithel, J. Zhao, and S. Jia, Atom-Based Radio-Frequency Field Calibration and Polariza- tion Measurement Using CesiumnD J Floquet States, Phys. Rev. Appl.8, 014028 (2017)

    2017

  110. [118]

    Rabi Matching

    A. P. Rotunno, S. Berweger, N. Prajapati, M. T. Simons, A. B. Artusio-Glimpse, C. L. Holloway, M. Jayaseelan, R. M. Potvliege, and C. S. Adams, Detection of 3–300 MHz Elec- tric Fields Using Floquet Sideband Gaps by “Rabi Matching” Dressed Rydberg Atoms, J. Appl. Phys.134, 134...

    2023

  111. [119]

    Liu, L.-H

    B. Liu, L.-H. Zhang, Z.-K. Liu, Z.-Y . Zhang, Z.-H. Zhu, W. Gao, G.-C. Guo, D.-S. Ding, and B.-S. Shi, Highly sen- sitive measurement of a megahertz rf electric field with a rydberg-atom sensor, Phys. Rev. Appl.18, 014045 (2022)

    2022

  112. [120]

    Y . Jiao, Y . Zhang, J. Bai, W. Jiang, Y . He, H. Shen, S. Jia, J. Zhao, and C. S. Adams, Quantum Lotka-V olterra Dynamics, arXiv:2408.01726 (2024)

    2024 arXiv

  113. [121]

    Y . Wang, T. Gao, Y . Niu, Y . Hu, L. Zhang, S. Jia, M. Jing, and Y . Xiao, Time delay of mean-field interaction in thermal rydberg atomic gases, Opt. Express33, 20829 (2025)

    2025

  114. [122]

    F. M. Gambetta, F. Carollo, M. Marcuzzi, J. P. Garrahan, and I. Lesanovsky, Discrete Time Crystals in the Absence of Mani- fest Symmetries or Disorder in Open Quantum Systems, Phys. Rev. Lett.122, 015701 (2019)

    2019

  115. [123]

    Kongkhambut, J

    P. Kongkhambut, J. G. Cosme, J. Skulte, M. A. Moreno Armi- jos, L. Mathey, A. Hemmerich, and H. Keßler, Observation of a Phase Transition from a Continuous to a Discrete Time Crystal, Rep. Prog. Phys.87, 080502 (2024)

    2024

  116. [124]

    Y . Jiao, W. Jiang, Y . Zhang, J. Bai, Y . He, H. Shen, J. Zhao, and S. Jia, Observation of Multiple Time Crystals in a Driven- Dissipative System with Rydberg Gas, Nat. Commun.16, 8767 (2025)

    2025

  117. [125]

    Russo and T

    F. Russo and T. Pohl, Quantum Dissipative Continuous Time Crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 110404 (2025)

    2025

  118. [126]

    Xiang, Z

    Y .-X. Xiang, Z. Bai, and Y .-Q. Ma, Quantum Predator- Prey Cycles in Dissipative Rydberg Lattices (2025), arXiv:2510.26295 [quant-ph]

    2025

  119. [127]

    Iemini, A

    F. Iemini, A. Russomanno, J. Keeling, M. Schir `o, M. Dal- monte, and R. Fazio, Boundary Time Crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 035301 (2018)

    2018

  120. [128]

    Z. Wang, R. Gao, X. Wu, B. Bu ˇca, K. Mølmer, L. You, and F. Yang, Boundary Time Crystals Induced by Local Dissi- pation and Long-Range Interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 230401 (2025)

    2025

  121. [129]

    Helmrich, A

    S. Helmrich, A. Arias, G. Lochead, T. M. Wintermantel, M. Buchhold, S. Diehl, and S. Whitlock, Signatures of self- organized criticality in an ultracold atomic gas, Nature577, 481 (2020)

    2020

  122. [130]

    D.-S. Ding, H. Busche, B.-S. Shi, G.-C. Guo, and C. S. Adams, Phase Diagram and Self-Organizing Dynamics in a Thermal Ensemble of Strongly Interacting Rydberg Atoms, Phys. Rev. X10, 021023 (2020)

    2020

  123. [131]

    P. Bak, C. Tang, and K. Wiesenfeld, Self-Organized Critical- ity: An Explanation of the 1/fNoise, Phys. Rev. Lett.59, 381 (1987)

    1987

  124. [132]

    Sornette and D

    A. Sornette and D. Sornette, Self-Organized Criticality and Earthquakes, Europhys. Lett.9, 197 (1989)

    1989

  125. [133]

    Drossel and F

    B. Drossel and F. Schwabl, Self-organized critical forest-fire model, Phys. Rev. Lett.69, 1629 (1992)

    1992

  126. [134]

    Friedman, S

    N. Friedman, S. Ito, B. A. W. Brinkman, M. Shimono, R. E. L. DeVille, K. A. Dahmen, J. M. Beggs, and T. C. Butler, Univer- sal Critical Dynamics in High Resolution Neuronal Avalanche Data, Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 208102 (2012)

    2012

  127. [135]

    Pastor-Satorras, C

    R. Pastor-Satorras, C. Castellano, P. Van Mieghem, and A. Vespignani, Epidemic processes in complex networks, Rev. Mod. Phys.87, 925 (2015)

    2015

  128. [136]

    L. A. Adamic and B. A. Huberman, Power-Law Distribution of the World Wide Web, Science287, 2115 (2000)

    2000

  129. [137]

    Brady, S

    D. Brady, S. Ohler, J. Otterbach, and M. Fleischhauer, Anoma- lous Directed Percolation on a Dynamic Network Using Ryd- berg Facilitation, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 173401 (2024)

    2024

  130. [138]

    Marcuzzi, M

    M. Marcuzzi, M. Buchhold, S. Diehl, and I. Lesanovsky, Ab- sorbing State Phase Transition with Competing Quantum and Classical Fluctuations, Phys. Rev. Lett.116, 245701 (2016)

    2016

  131. [139]

    Xiang, Q.-L

    Y .-X. Xiang, Q.-L. Lei, Z. Bai, and Y .-Q. Ma, Self-Organized Time Crystal in Driven-Dissipative Quantum System, Phys. Rev. Res.6, 033185 (2024)

    2024

  132. [140]

    N.-C. Chiu, E. C. Trapp, J. Guo, M. H. Abobeih, L. M. Stew- art, S. Hollerith, P. L. Stroganov, M. Kalinowski, A. A. Geim, S. J. Evered, S. H. Li, X. Lyu, L. M. Peters, D. Bluvstein, T. T. Wang, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lukin, Continuous operation of a coherent 3,00...

    2025

  133. [141]

    Lin, H.-S

    R. Lin, H.-S. Zhong, Y . Li, Z.-R. Zhao, L.-T. Zheng, T.-R. Hu, H.-M. Wu, Z. Wu, W.-J. Ma, Y . Gao, Y .-K. Zhu, Z.-F. Su, W.-L. Ouyang, Y .-C. Zhang, J. Rui, M.-C. Chen, C.-Y . Lu, and J.-W. Pan, AI-Enabled Parallel Assembly of Thou- sands of Defect-Free Neutral Atom Arrays, P...

    2025

  134. [142]

    Magoni, R

    M. Magoni, R. Joshi, and I. Lesanovsky, Molecular Dynamics in Rydberg Tweezer Arrays: Spin-Phonon Entanglement and Jahn-Teller Effect, Phys. Rev. Lett.131, 093002 (2023)

    2023

  135. [143]

    Magoni, C

    M. Magoni, C. Nill, and I. Lesanovsky, Coherent Spin-Phonon Scattering in Facilitated Rydberg Lattices, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 133401 (2024)

    2024

  136. [144]

    Zhang, L

    S. Zhang, L. Chen, and P. Zhang, Many-body physics from spin-phonon coupling in Rydberg-atom arrays, Phys. Rev. A 112, 063316 (2025)

    2025

  137. [145]

    Bharti, S

    V . Bharti, S. Sugawa, M. Kunimi, V . S. Chauhan, T. P. Mahesh, M. Mizoguchi, T. Matsubara, T. Tomita, S. de L ´es´eleuc, and K. Ohmori, Strong spin-motion coupling in the ultrafast dy- namics of rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 093405 (2024)

    2024

  138. [146]

    Emperauger, M

    G. Emperauger, M. Qiao, G. Bornet, Y . T. Chew, R. Martin, 19 B. G ´ely, L. Klein, D. Barredo, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Probing spin-motion coupling of two Rydberg atoms by a Stern-Gerlach-like experiment, Phys. Rev. A112, 053717 (2025)

    2025

  139. [147]

    Lienhard, R

    V . Lienhard, R. Martin, Y . T. Chew, T. Tomita, K. Ohmori, and S. de L ´es´eleuc, Generation of motional squeezed states for neutral atoms in optical tweezers, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 253404 (2025)

    2025

  140. [148]

    A. L. Shaw, P. Scholl, R. Finkelstein, R. B.-S. Tsai, J. Choi, and M. Endres, Erasure cooling, control, and hyperentangle- ment of motion in optical tweezers, Science388, 845 (2025)

    2025

  141. [149]

    B. M. Spar, E. Guardado-Sanchez, S. Chi, Z. Z. Yan, and W. S. Bakr, Realization of a Fermi-Hubbard optical tweezer array, Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 223202 (2022)

    2022

  142. [150]

    A. W. Young, W. J. Eckner, N. Schine, A. M. Childs, and A. M. Kaufman, Tweezer-programmable 2D quantum walks in a Hubbard-regime lattice, Science377, 885 (2022)

    2022

  143. [151]

    Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, D

    D. Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, D. Bluvstein, M. Kalinowski, R. Kaubruegger, N. Maskara, P. Naldesi, T. V . Zache, A. M. Kaufman, M. D. Lukin, H. Pichler,et al., Fermionic quantum processing with programmable neutral atom arrays, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.120, e2304294120 (2023)

    2023

  144. [152]

    R. Ott, D. Gonz ´alez-Cuadra, T. V . Zache, P. Zoller, A. M. Kaufman, and H. Pichler, Error-Corrected Fermionic Quan- tum Processors with Neutral Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 090601 (2025)

    2025

  145. [153]

    Schuckert, E

    A. Schuckert, E. Crane, A. V . Gorshkov, M. Hafezi, and M. J. Gullans, Fault-tolerant fermionic quantum computing, arXiv:2411.08955 (2024)

    2024 arXiv

  146. [154]

    T. L. Nguyen, J. M. Raimond, C. Sayrin, R. Corti ˜nas, T. Cantat-Moltrecht, F. Assemat, I. Dotsenko, S. Gleyzes, S. Haroche, G. Roux, T. Jolicoeur, and M. Brune, Towards Quantum Simulation with Circular Rydberg Atoms, Phys. Rev. X8, 011032 (2018)

    2018

  147. [155]

    H ¨olzl, A

    C. H ¨olzl, A. G ¨otzelmann, E. Pultinevicius, M. Wirth, and F. Meinert, Long-Lived Circular Rydberg Qubits of Alkaline- Earth Atoms in Optical Tweezers, Phys. Rev. X14, 021024 (2024)

    2024

  148. [156]

    Machu, A

    Y . Machu, A. Dur ´an-Hern´andez, G. Creutzer, A. A. Young, J. M. Raimond, M. Brune, and C. Sayrin, Nondestructive Op- tical Readout and Manipulation of Circular Rydberg Atoms, Phys. Rev. X16, 021040 (2026)

    2026

  149. [157]

    Y . Wu, S. Kolkowitz, S. Puri, and J. D. Thompson, Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays, Nat. Commun.13, 4657 (2022)

    2022

  150. [158]

    Scholl, A

    P. Scholl, A. L. Shaw, R. B.-S. Tsai, R. Finkelstein, J. Choi, and M. Endres, Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator, Nature622, 273 (2023)

    2023

  151. [159]

    Senoo, A

    A. Senoo, A. Baumg ¨artner, J. W. Lis, G. M. Vaidya, Z. Zeng, G. Giudici, H. Pichler, and A. M. Kaufman, High-fidelity en- tanglement and coherent multi-qubit mapping in an atom ar- ray, Nat. Phys.22, 903 (2026)

    2026

  152. [160]

    Radnaev, W

    A. Radnaev, W. Chung, D. Cole, D. Mason, T. Ballance, M. Bedalov, D. Belknap, M. Berman, M. Blakely, I. Bloom- field, P. Buttler, C. Campbell, A. Chopinaud, E. Copen- haver, M. Dawes, S. Eubanks, A. Friss, D. Garcia, J. Gilbert, M. Gillette, P. Goiporia, P. Gokhale, J. Goldwin...

    2025

  153. [161]

    Singh, C

    K. Singh, C. E. Bradley, S. Anand, V . Ramesh, R. White, and H. Bernien, Mid-circuit correction of correlated phase errors using an array of spectator qubits, Science380, 1265 (2023)

    2023

  154. [162]

    S. Ma, G. Liu, P. Peng, B. Zhang, S. Jandura, J. Claes, A. P. Burgers, G. Pupillo, S. Puri, and J. D. Thompson, High-fidelity gates and mid-circuit erasure conversion in an atomic qubit, Nature622, 279 (2023)

    2023

  155. [163]

    Anand, C

    S. Anand, C. E. Bradley, R. White, V . Ramesh, K. Singh, and H. Bernien, A dual-species Rydberg array, Nat. Phys.20, 1744 (2024)

    2024

  156. [164]

    J. W. Lis, A. Senoo, W. F. McGrew, F. R ¨onchen, A. Jenk- ins, and A. M. Kaufman, Midcircuit operations using the omg architecture in neutral atom arrays, Phys. Rev. X13, 041035 (2023)

    2023

  157. [165]

    Bluvstein, S

    D. Bluvstein, S. J. Evered, A. A. Geim, S. H. Li, H. Zhou, T. Manovitz, S. Ebadi, M. Cain, M. Kalinowski, D. Hangleiter, J. P. Bonilla Ataides, N. Maskara, I. Cong, X. Gao, P. Sales Rodriguez, T. Karolyshyn, G. Semeghini, M. J. Gul- lans, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, and M. D. Lu...

    2024

  158. [166]

    Bluvstein, A

    D. Bluvstein, A. A. Geim, S. H. Li, S. J. Evered, J. P. Bonilla Ataides, G. Baranes, A. Gu, T. Manovitz, M. Xu, M. Kalinowski, S. Majidy, C. Kokail, N. Maskara, E. C. Trapp, L. M. Stewart, S. Hollerith, H. Zhou, M. J. Gullans, S. F. Yelin, M. Greiner, V . Vuleti´c, M. Cain, an...

    2026

  159. [167]

    Georgakopoulos, A

    A. Georgakopoulos, A. Sommer, and J. Simon, Theory of in- teracting cavity Rydberg polaritons, Quantum Sci. Technol.4, 014005 (2018)

    2018

  160. [168]

    Ningyuan, A

    J. Ningyuan, A. Georgakopoulos, A. Ryou, N. Schine, A. Sommer, and J. Simon, Observation and characterization of cavity Rydberg polaritons, Phys. Rev. A93, 041802(R) (2016)

    2016

  161. [169]

    K. A. Yasir and W.-M. Liu, Cavity-Rydberg Interaction, inRy- dberg Atoms in Cavity(Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore,

  162. [170]

    Q. Wang, Z. Wang, Y . Liu, S. Guan, J. He, C.-L. Zou, P. Zhang, G. Li, and T. Zhang, Cavity-enhanced optical bistability of Ry- dberg atoms, Opt. Lett.48, 2865 (2023)

    2023

  163. [171]

    Y .-J. Wang, J. Zhang, and D.-S. Ding, Non-Hermitian physics in the many-body system of Rydberg atoms, arXiv: 2602.07372 (2026)

    2026

  164. [172]

    Liang, C

    C. Liang, C. Yang, W. Huang, and L. You, Exceptional Point- Enhanced Rydberg Atomic Electrometers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 053203 (2026)

    2026

  165. [173]

    L. J. I. Moon, P. M. Schindler, R. J. Smith, E. Druga, Z.-R. Zhang, M. Bukov, and A. Ajoy, Sensing with Discrete Time Crystals, Nat. Phys.22, 367 (2026)

    2026

  166. [174]

    Liu, J.-R

    B. Liu, J.-R. Chen, Y . Ma, Q.-F. Wang, T.-Y . Han, H. Tian, Y .-H. Qian, G.-C. Guo, L.-H. Zhang, B.-B. Wei, A. Bayat, D.- S. Ding, and B.-S. Shi, Enhanced multi-parameter metrology in dissipative Rydberg atom time crystals, arXiv: 2601.10347 (2026)

    2026

  167. [175]

    Y . Xue, Z. Bai, and Y .-Q. Ma, Enhanced Microwave Sensing with Dissipative Continuous Time Crystals, Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.69, 250511 (2026)

    2026

  168. [176]

    Z. Liu, Q. Ren, C. Nill, A. Cabot, W. Xia, Y . Tong, H. Wang, W. Yang, J. Xie, M. Jing, H. Zhang, L. Xiao, S. Jia, I. Lesanovsky, and L. Zhang, Time series learning in a many- 20 body rydberg system with emergent collective amplification, arXiv: 2511.15047 (2026)

    2026 arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed July 14, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.