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The Forward Neutrino Flux and its Secondaries at a 10 TeV Muon Collider

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arxiv 2608.02718 v1 pith:LVMRJ4EY submitted 2026-08-03 hep-ph hep-ex

Ju-Yeol Choi , Matheus Hostert , Peiran Li , Zhen Liu This is my paper
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abstract

Muon decays in a muon collider ring would produce TeV neutrino and antineutrino beams of electron and muon flavor. We study this flux in the forward $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$ beam directions at a 10 TeV muon collider, introducing MINT, a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation to model neutrino fluxes including the muon beam dynamics. We find that a benchmark detector at 5 km from the interaction point would see about $\mathcal{O}(10^{9})$ neutrino interactions per year in a $\sim3$ tonne fiducial volume with a beam spot size of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ meter. We calculate the number of secondary muons and neutrinos generated by neutrino interactions in the rock upstream of the forward detectors and find that about two secondary high-energy and highly polarized muons from the rock would cross each detector per bunch crossing. Neutrino productions of charmed mesons and taus in the rock generate a small $\nu_\tau+\bar\nu_\tau$ secondary flux, with $\mathcal{O}(0.2)$ events per year in the detectors, likely too small to be observed. Wrong-sign neutrinos from similar processes, such as $\nu_e+\bar\nu_\mu$ in the $\mu^-$ beam, are more numerous but still of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$ of the number of TeV neutrino interactions. Finally, we outline how the large forward neutrino exposure can be used to search for beyond-the-Standard-Model particles produced in neutrino interactions, with examples of heavy neutral leptons coupled to electron and muon flavors through mixing or electromagnetic dipole operators.

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    Charm production followed by leptonic decays of charmed mesons and taus, c→D ± (s) → (−) ντ +τ ±.(9) The tau lepton subsequently decays to produce a second tau neutrino,τ ± → (−) ντ +X. We neglect the smaller contribution from NC charm produc- tion [59]

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    10□11 10□9 10□7 dN/dEe [e+ / year / GeV] Pµ+ = +1 Pµ+ = 0 101 102 103 Ee [GeV] 1 2pol

    Inverse tau decay, ¯νee− →τ − ¯ντ ,(10) giving two tau neutrinos per event, one from the primary interaction and one from the tau decay. 10□11 10□9 10□7 dN/dEe [e+ / year / GeV] Pµ+ = +1 Pµ+ = 0 101 102 103 Ee [GeV] 1 2pol. / unpolarized FIG. 12. The energy spectrum of the positrons from sec- ondaryµ + decays that happen between the rock and the back of t...

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    We neglect di-tau production, which has a much smaller cross section (see Figs

    Neutrino trident production of taus, ναA→ℓ − α τ +ντ A, α=e, µ,(11) and the corresponding antineutrino processes. We neglect di-tau production, which has a much smaller cross section (see Figs. 9 and 10)

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    InverseD ∗ s decay, ¯νee− →D ∗− s →γ(D − s →τ − ¯ντ ).(12) The correspondingD ∗ production can be safely ne- glected. Secondary tau neutrino production in the rock is a sim- ilar physical mechanism behind ultra-high-energy tau- neutrino appearance during propagation through the Earth [60], adapted here to the TeV energies and short baselines of a muon-col...

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    Charm production The largest secondary tau-neutrino flux is produced by CC charm production. We account for both theD ± andD s contributions, but the latter dominates theν τ flux due to the larger branching fractionB(D s →τ ντ )≃ 13 −4 −2 0 2 4 x [m] −4 −2 0 2 4 y [m] µ+ beam (z = 5 km) −4 −2 0 2 4 x [m] µ□ beam (z = −5 km) 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 µ± / b...

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    (8) withℓ=τ

    Inverse Tau Decay The cross section is given by Eq. (8) withℓ=τ. At the 10 TeV MuC, only the high-energy fraction of the ¯νe flux is above the thresholdE ν >3.09 TeV. The two- body production kinematics are sampled in the center-of- mass frame with the amplitude|M| 2 ∝(k ¯νe ·k ¯ντ )(pe ·p τ ), followed by a polarizedτ − decay withP=−1. The large Lorentz ...

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    Despite being sup- pressed byα 2 and the multi-body phase space, trident events produce two tau neutrinos per event, one from the primary interaction and one from the tau decay

    Neutrino Trident Tau Production Neutrino trident production of taus via CC is another source of secondary tau neutrinos. Despite being sup- pressed byα 2 and the multi-body phase space, trident events produce two tau neutrinos per event, one from the primary interaction and one from the tau decay. The prompt tau neutrino is typically harder than the neutr...

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    neutrinos-on-target

    InverseD ∗ s Decay Resonant production ofD ∗ s mesons in ¯νee− scattering is yet another source of secondaryτ. Following Ref. [52], we consider the vector mesonD ∗ s , which decays toD sγ, followed byD s →τ ντ . Resonant pseudoscalarD s pro- duction is helicity suppressed and neglected. The total cross section is σ¯νee−→D∗− s (s) = 24πs m2 D∗s ΓD∗s →e− ¯ν...

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