Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T07:11:13.126559Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 68 of 68 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.21574.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T07:11:13.126559Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
68 of 68 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 56e7d9ae-f760-48a1-9382-61a0042fc7e8 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 633c2f01-4973-4286-b610-f485d71337b0 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d9e6bf2-81fb-4458-9e84-aa2ad4dfc05b · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c977d3f7-d985-4878-9af1-200589f2d398 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Blum and Ronald L
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a1f452eb-b7d3-4326-9f2f-81ec32358222 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Booth and Richard A
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c7c3e7fe-d8e3-4956-8a80-3639783a94ce · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation d754ebcd-14c4-48cb-815e-be45621a478d · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 15328a0b-708d-4033-8662-398e3e986093 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 937c2c5d-7b3a-4846-9214-28bd14ae5c85 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) surprisal is Not a Theory
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2eb75e70-abd4-4e90-bf94-a1b1a775a0e2 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Hu, Jing Liu, Jaap Jumelet, Tal Linzen, Aaron Mueller, Candace Ross, Raj Sanjay Shah, Alex Warstadt, Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox, and Adina Williams
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 340d4fbb-e849-44ff-b736-337144308ece · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c83fbe55-173f-4a35-a948-a302213662c8 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation da09f83a-a4f5-4b92-b8b9-f6f7659963d5 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9c8075cf-af38-4671-a525-144a4a65fdf8 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 272c7345-8a83-4ed1-9faa-0a58cea06dbd · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4df1f313-45bc-4715-af07-b7f305666956 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 13a39fb9-df3c-46aa-b39d-d1efc73a0c4b · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a2f5ce9b-67e7-4bb8-85bb-b48911e6fd1f · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Frank and Rens Bod
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce31869c-7631-4af9-b094-d99a2009cfb0 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Frank, Leun J
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 45065bae-656d-4455-9e4d-c449659ee1db · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7accc9ab-4a23-4e54-bf23-674ae9080f78 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6affd892-c3c5-4601-a43f-93fcb1fedc0a · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 72eba2c3-5024-43ed-817d-e7c5af5ef0ac · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Levy, and Edward Gibson
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 26691c38-7dc6-4215-9e99-2de11c4113b0 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 523e865f-c6bf-42b1-ba74-183da5f5d0e6 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 452cbd4b-4a98-4d6a-b388-3d0f281738be · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0a4c7c95-e752-495f-bcb0-1537b44fbf7a · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Hu, Aaron Mueller, Candace Ross, Adina Williams, Tal Linzen, Chengxu Zhuang, Ryan Cotterell, Leshem Choshen, Alex Warstadt, and Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8455aeed-54a7-4389-abf0-be3280eef334 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f2e8f0c8-8a09-4400-b555-f5f1eac0aca3 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f4962b5b-369a-4129-8e77-fbf59bcb3ed8 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 881599ef-9704-4a71-9904-592269869f6e · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Kuperberg and T
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fa323fac-dc79-447c-a995-1e8af4986828 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Large Language Models Are Human-Like Internally
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fc644c00-21a0-4e51-9fce-698c9d7ffd47 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fd8af283-fb02-4875-927e-9aa8ea81aadf · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation da9aab8e-2280-4d82-8804-e49f7eb0f455 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 16c0df8e-4a30-4030-8dc5-81d4cde677d0 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation b53cf439-23fc-4137-853e-d27810fa237e · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Marcus, Beatrice Santorini, and Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f84e42e1-a4ca-4abb-bf0f-f27b14f9e3e5 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c0acb189-94cd-438a-8383-c3e9172884d0 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Analyzing Wrap-Up Effects through an Information-Theoretic Lens
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4eef7f3f-8886-4aac-8def-d4477fd31637 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Mills and John H
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 985eb927-b02d-4386-8fc6-edd8200e78b5 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce9cd187-af6f-4ba8-9140-342409ad4cb2 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce8d93ba-0f2c-4015-aa42-8ba1f7ae2749 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) The Inverse Scaling Effect of Pre-Trained Language Model Surprisal Is Not Due to Data Leakage
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 536e97fd-73b7-4456-881c-a25e43edac76 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2914b1c1-7344-4cc6-ae42-009e758f7f5e · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 91f31fe8-ea77-435f-bd28-2207fcf2703d · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Pickering and Simon Garrod
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 13407a88-f469-49d2-82ad-5ef513ad6e66 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 03192d64-64ca-4ea1-a968-e81be7461643 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation fce93ab6-6fb8-452f-87b1-de97df00115d · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4d6a67e1-39ea-4a99-afae-f40547f57e12 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 839cbe23-f58d-4518-b54e-2eea35b12940 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 18b6a7c8-e729-48dc-90f9-bc39735a7484 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Sinnott, L
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cfeb981e-7964-43f6-94b0-a0c5db6ee996 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Smith and Roger Levy
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8dea4581-4184-49ee-baf9-2061658cbb0c · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 106a43eb-2917-4d8b-857c-e1d25db80bcb · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Tanenhaus, Michael J
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bedd1bbe-6ec6-4763-ba15-b2f7539b01c7 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) A Language Model with Limited Memory Capacity Captures Interference in Human Sentence Processing
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c906157e-ae66-4753-96d2-920850cad1ed · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8e330efd-89a2-4bf7-9d39-652fc0d46f6b · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) van der Vaart
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6e233449-5175-48f3-bc74-4e1103819403 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Gomez, ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 60dcaf3c-83d2-4459-89de-6da0e2a4aaf6 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 95184619-2a70-4115-9da8-bae67c9c7237 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3ed6cf79-00ae-488e-969a-cd542a7976b9 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b44e2259-afdc-4425-a96d-a47b9313ef42 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation f446fcce-bf62-474b-9057-efe6c90bcfd3 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 52992641-054a-45a1-9db7-55a6bc0c3962 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8e745b53-72e7-4937-933a-8ba475e2ecca · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 15b648b7-ccfc-4894-96ad-ddc62e40d600 · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Probability Distributions Computed by Autoregressive Transformers
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 78c95e97-1c11-4da8-8501-003b9cabf13a · outbound
Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding) Unresolved cited work
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.