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Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS): Architecture Designs, Opportunities, and Outlook
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Flexible-antenna systems have recently attracted significant research attention due to their potential to intelligently reconfigure wireless channels. However, the current flexible-antenna systems still suffer from fundamental limitations, such as free-space path loss and line-of-sight blockage. This article introduces a novel flexible-antenna system, termed the Pinching-Antenna SyStem (PASS). PASS adopts the dielectric waveguides as the primary transmission medium and radiates signals into free space by flexibly pinching discrete dielectric particles, referred to as pinching antennas, along the waveguide. By combining the strengths of both wireless and wired communication, PASS effectively mitigates inherent wireless limitations while offering high antenna reconfigurability. This article reviews the key features of PASS in comparison with conventional wireless systems, analyzes its main advantages, and discusses potential designs, transmission architectures, and application scenarios. Finally, it outlines promising research directions and open challenges associated with PASS.
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Cited by 26 Pith papers
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Capacity Characterization of Pinching-Antenna Systems
This paper characterizes the two-user capacity region of pinching-antenna systems, proving their capacity region contains that of fixed-antenna systems and that TDMA and FDMA are nearly optimal in the multiple-pinch case.
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Joint Antenna Positioning and Beamforming for Movable Antenna Array Aided Ground Station in Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Communication
Moving a LEO ground station's antenna positions once at startup and optimizing beamforming weights over time yields higher average rates than fixed dense or sparse arrays in interference-heavy scenarios.
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Joint Transmit and Pinching Beamforming Optimization in Pinching Antenna-Assisted Symbiotic Radio Systems
Jointly optimizing transmit beamforming and pinching-antenna positions in a backscatter-assisted symbiotic radio system is claimed to raise achievable sum rate by 17-35% over fixed-antenna baselines.
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Multigroup Multicast Design for Pinching-Antenna Systems: Waveguide-Division or Waveguide-Multiplexing?
Pinching-antenna systems can beat conventional and massive MIMO for multigroup multicast by repositioning antennas along waveguides, with waveguide-multiplexing best for dense users and waveguide-division best for sep...
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Multiuser Beamforming for Pinching-Antenna Systems: An Element-wise Optimization Framework
An element-wise search over pinching-antenna positions, paired with MRT, ZF, or MMSE beamforming, maximizes downlink and uplink sum-rates for pinching-antenna systems without alternating optimization.
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Extremely Large-Scale Movable Antenna-Enabled Multiuser Communications: Modeling and Optimization
Movable subarray placement optimized over a large 2D region improves simulated multiuser uplink rate versus fixed arrays, via a closed-form MRC rate approximation and a successive replacement algorithm.
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Beam Training for Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS)
A three-stage hierarchical beam training method for pinching-antenna systems cuts training overhead from over a million scans to about 50 while keeping data rates near the phase-aligned upper bound.
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Modeling and Beamforming Optimization for Pinching-Antenna Systems
A coupled-mode signal model for pinching-antenna systems is derived, and penalty-based and zero-forcing algorithms minimize transmit power with continuous or discrete antenna positions.
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Pinching Antenna System (PASS) Enhanced Covert Communications: Against Warden via Sensing
Sensing-aided covert communication with pinching-antenna systems: an extended Kalman filter tracks a mobile warden via near-field echoes, and beamforming, artificial noise, and antenna placement are jointly optimized ...
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EGS-SLAM: RGB-D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Events
EGS-SLAM claims to fuse events with RGB-D in Gaussian Splatting SLAM to beat blur, but the supplied full text is an unrelated paper, so the claim is unverifiable.
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Sum-Rate Maximization for Movable-Antenna Array Enhanced Downlink NOMA Systems
Proposes a two-stage algorithm that jointly optimizes beamforming, movable-antenna positions, SIC order, and a decoding indicator matrix to maximize sum rate in a downlink NOMA system, with simulations showing gains o...
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Robust Resource Allocation for Pinching-Antenna Systems under Imperfect CSI
A robust resource allocation with outage constraints for pinching-antenna downlinks under user-location uncertainty, solved by geometric area analysis and PSO.
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Pinching-Antenna Systems with LoS Blockages
A matching-based algorithm for assigning waveguides and activating pinching antennas uses LoS blockages to raise sum rate over fixed-antenna baselines in simulated obstructed indoor settings.
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An Energy Efficient Design of Hybrid NOMA Based on Hybrid SIC with Power Adaptation
The paper's hybrid NOMA scheme with power adaptation and hybrid SIC is shown to outperform OMA in rate and energy with probability approaching 1 at high SNR, without special rate or power conditions.
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Joint Radiation Power, Antenna Position, and Beamforming Optimization for Pinching-Antenna Systems with Motion Power Consumption
A joint antenna-position, radiation-power, and beamforming optimization for pinching-antenna systems reduces average power consumption when motion power is included.
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Pinching-Antenna Systems with In-Waveguide Attenuation: Performance Analysis and Algorithm Design
Pinching-antenna placement must trade free-space path loss against exponential in-waveguide attenuation; the paper gives a closed-form single-user solution and a rate-loss approximation, then extends to multi-user bea...
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Pinching-Antenna Systems For Indoor Immersive Communications: A 3D-Modeling Based Performance Analysis
A theoretical formula for successful transmission probability in multi-waveguide pinching-antenna indoor systems is derived and supported by Monte Carlo simulation.
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Joint Beamforming for NOMA Assisted Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS)
A NOMA-assisted pinching antenna system with jointly optimized antenna positions, transmit beamforming, and power allocation is simulated to reduce downlink transmit power by over 95% versus a fixed massive MIMO-NOMA ...
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Exploiting Pinching-Antenna Systems in Multicast Communications
Optimizing pinching-antenna positions along dielectric waveguides improves multicast rates, with closed-form results for a single antenna and iterative algorithms for multiple antennas or waveguides.
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OFDMA for Pinching Antenna Systems
A fixed multi-pinching-antenna downlink is modeled as a finite-impulse-response channel, and an OFDMA max-min subcarrier and power allocation is shown by simulation to raise the worst-user rate over single-carrier baselines.
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Graph Neural Network Enabled Pinching Antennas
A bipartite graph attention network (BGAT) solves the joint antenna placement and power allocation problem for pinching antennas to maximize downlink energy efficiency.
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A Gradient Meta-Learning Joint Optimization for Beamforming and Antenna Position in Pinching-Antenna Systems
A gradient meta-learning algorithm with two unrolled neural networks jointly optimizes beamforming and pinching-antenna positions, reporting 5.6 bits/s/Hz weighted sum rate and a 32.7% gain over alternating optimizati...
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Sum Rate Maximization for Pinching Antennas Assisted RSMA System With Multiple Waveguides
The proposed correlation-distance PA activation plus SDP-SCA beamforming outperforms four baselines in simulated overloaded RSMA downlinks with multiple waveguides.
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Computation Capacity Maximization for Pinching Antennas-Assisted Wireless Powered MEC Systems
A joint optimization of pinching-antenna positions, radiation, power, and time allocation is proposed for wireless powered MEC, and simulations report higher computation capacity than fixed antenna baselines.
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On the Performance of Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS) with Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
For a two-room pinching-antenna setup, the line-of-sight user's outage probability drops sharply compared to a fixed antenna, while the non-line-of-sight user keeps diversity order one and changes little.
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Energy-Efficient Design for Downlink Pinching-Antenna Systems with QoS Guarantee
The authors formulate and solve EE maximization for a TDMA downlink pinching-antenna system with QoS constraints, via antenna placement, a feasibility test, and alternating semi-analytical power and time allocation.
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