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Minimal Production of Prompt Gravitational Waves during Reheating
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abstract
The inflationary reheating phase begins when accelerated expansion ends. As all Standard Model particles are coupled to gravity, gravitational interactions will lead to particle production. This includes the thermal bath, dark matter and gravitational radiation. Here, we compute the spectrum of gravitational waves from the inflatoncondensate during the initial phase of reheating. As particular examples of inflation, we consider the Starobinsky model and T-models, all of which are in good phenomenological agreement with CMB anisotropy measurements. The T-models are distinguished by the shape of the potential about its minimum and can be approximated by $V \sim \phi^k$, where $\phi$ is the inflaton. Interestingly, the shape of the gravitational wave spectrum (when observed) can be used to distinguish among the models considered. As we show, the Starobinsky model and T-models with $k=2$, provide very different spectra when compared to models with $k=4$ or $k>4$. Observation of multiple harmonics in the spectrum can be interpreted as a direct measurement of the inflaton mass. Furthermore, the cutoff in frequency can be used to determine the reheating temperature.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Inflation and Reheating by Dynamical Torsion
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Even in the weak-backreaction regime, axion inflation produces high-frequency primordial gravitational waves many orders of magnitude above the vacuum spectrum, peaking around MHz–GHz.
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For quadratic inflaton potentials Boltzmann and Bogoliubov spectra agree at short wavelengths, but for steeper potentials non-adiabatic transition effects captured only by Bogoliubov are sizable across a broad momentum range.
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Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter as a Probe of Inflationary Reheating
Inflaton decays during reheating can produce all of the observed sterile-neutrino dark matter with a branching ratio below 10^-4, evading X-ray bounds and making a future X-ray line a probe of the inflaton mass and re...
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Primordial Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions during Reheating
Phase transitions happening during reheating can produce gravitational-wave signals that are delayed, prolonged, and shifted in amplitude and frequency by orders of magnitude compared with standard cosmology.
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Gravitational Wave Spectrum from the Production of Dark Matter via the freeze-in Mechanism
Graviton bremsstrahlung during freeze-in dark matter production yields a high-frequency gravitational wave background peaking near 5.35 x 10^10 Hz, with UV freeze-in amplitudes up to Omega_GW h^2 ~ 1e-17.
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