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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 69 of 69 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.22645.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.22645 v1

Coverage vector

measured 69 of 69 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.832179Z

measured 69 of 69 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

69 of 69 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy3
  • unresolved59
  • parse uncertain1
  • malformed identifier4
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 806cbf78-14a8-4686-b25e-f37e58e02a7a · outbound

This paper cites Name Statistics.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Name Statistics

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:51.974810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.356918Z digest=sha256:8e8fc49b2faf8029f7d62b5ac6c547ba96392382e8d050ef99a0e58b46a551d0

Observation e134bea7-5321-44e5-95b7-cc82d6e9d3f1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:51.717831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.465233Z digest=sha256:998b75c69ed1ef2d6af16724ef2e5cc2ea8ffc894eaf4afed157f509c84f2fa7

Observation 7ba7a29b-d40a-4f91-9e3e-e2352b3b0fa1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:30.562014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.562014Z digest=sha256:7c61f27697fe372e3f14ee2fcbffd66f5299710fcc000f08083b607cd8773117

Observation 3ec538b4-f350-4d69-bf2d-9c23e8fecd73 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:51.368135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.637930Z digest=sha256:5761c289fd19baa54b62a4a0117b189d87672bbbb6f351ac2ea698fdaa9c3a59

Observation 40c8c91f-3b72-451f-b60d-be04703875e4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:51.066526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.709540Z digest=sha256:f80220f42721c22e2cd2a8c147b46b2d43f17d9c06445f2875eaa4ddd6b0d999

Observation 08118452-384f-427b-b7ce-c4d8ce69be66 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Qwen Technical Report

Reference 6

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:30.966681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.966681Z digest=sha256:4082832fbbbcd3d3702044e134a7ee0a4da426ab256a12a9c6da497e5194f5a9

Observation 3610d40b-9b61-4e94-8c29-f03ef42a810b · outbound

This paper cites 2023.Fairness and Machine Learning: Limitations and Opportunities.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese 2023.Fairness and Machine Learning: Limitations and Opportunities

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.038595Z digest=sha256:375835bb238b5166290eeaf7d8c0afff2853fe7bbbbe7d19065781b8d964e19b

Observation c8fd8195-f088-492d-af15-c39e82df5079 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:31.121545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.121545Z digest=sha256:d8de6971a9d908734960134543170ac89ebe231853c238464cf661958b5fc609

Observation 4ad853fc-25cb-403f-8155-25d6f62cffab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:31.176260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.176260Z digest=sha256:beb862709d5b945fe7a39b3a9562b23f80e2c663c9f835fee5f9eec0ba23ca39

Observation f8a106b8-a9c7-4fce-ac95-33382e95e19b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:50.383742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.271552Z digest=sha256:ba2e47aba7283ff8ce08946d2b4e12415c15ffb7e05b204f89f744c8e5f934ef

Observation dff96e0e-1454-4852-ba4c-955ba0a7b0f0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:50.087003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.341085Z digest=sha256:897ee63732b61060b492ada7a50807d7d55bf5fe1337793639788ec0e86bcf79

Observation 535d93d4-eb89-47c9-ab13-984146e67b8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:49.841900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.417457Z digest=sha256:383d960a818da89a1a7dd5e7b448319450e019bca52c530ca76097a580536be0

Observation 3f1e23ee-a540-4cb1-b548-6d29e7228923 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:49.518610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.477934Z digest=sha256:dc8063d48759ff6ddd1a8b2ed48285b15a98d7d00cecafd44b0fc48fb7f59be2

Observation c4d7feb4-fd1a-48dd-8794-51f12f2d832d · outbound

This paper cites Extending the Pre-Training of BLOOM for Improved Support of Traditional Chinese: Models, Methods and Results.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Extending the Pre-Training of BLOOM for Improved Support of Traditional Chinese: Models, Methods and Results

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:44.378528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.583837Z digest=sha256:3eb6e57264d25615a154ff74361fc3765a1727cb3dc25dc0f1aaee20bfb42f32

Observation 9469f5cc-a452-4473-a308-a7c80e849020 · outbound

This paper cites Application of LLM Agents in Recruitment: A Novel Framework for Resume Screening.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Application of LLM Agents in Recruitment: A Novel Framework for Resume Screening

Reference 15

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:31.686414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.686414Z digest=sha256:cfb0de8122035670ce767ede8d7be57106818a891904dc120198bbf1441446e4

Observation 94d5e6c4-8849-448a-8c1a-9439129eaf06 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 16

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:31.737715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.737715Z digest=sha256:e5e6e75d28ec4c59b31095b11726780f7b7ea407ac03708d27dcd462f7828dc7

Observation cf3a3b77-e84e-4ec3-8e96-e66ac7b1cba5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:31.790722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.790722Z digest=sha256:c02c06bbfd8fbe4bde44ca9ad25ca7e3b0f0465d3f6de91768e4797efa03c1a9

Observation a72b53db-c946-4da9-bbeb-413320a07b9a · outbound

This paper cites Dialect prejudice predicts AI decisions about people's character, employability, and criminality.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Dialect prejudice predicts AI decisions about people's character, employability, and criminality

Reference 18

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:31.891737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:31.891737Z digest=sha256:da3aba3f27b1ed0a29102a7a52db99bc0fc2dbcc7e31ba0a697a895d7becc8bd

Observation 16a8e413-989a-4586-8d7a-cb605fd258a3 · outbound

This paper cites Advancing the Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Language Models: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark Suite.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Advancing the Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Language Models: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark Suite

Reference 19

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:32.003247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.003247Z digest=sha256:3a3d8f23c99eccddbe6975987aeae3ef96b1ca39215333b046c881715468f9e6

Observation 8e95398e-d72e-4424-bcb6-fef539f2a188 · outbound

This paper cites Breeze-7B Technical Report.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Breeze-7B Technical Report

Reference 20

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:32.115528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.115528Z digest=sha256:95defb3ae6615147c6515c7d94fcd92cfca08dea62371e8fa99b7983d6f2b8df

Observation 1514a245-b6a2-46f0-b749-0f9726ff5d19 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:49.266063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.269634Z digest=sha256:069a16d9c6cbddd15c8666bc9a414ee90443f1455bdaf3f12690b1b5ba7fb9e1

Observation df1a4281-2243-4683-9b8c-767286d7f6d2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:48.973874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.413554Z digest=sha256:29ce1b9958d22b76ea6b658a0f91fc5ed4a376085111562229c8b394921ba991

Observation 0fe72997-6b9e-44f5-b992-274df1d3bdb4 · outbound

This paper cites CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese

Reference 23

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.540526Z digest=sha256:38de317c51143a8a0ec5da3a52fa5fd5436479f83b3a5746936f6ce9437fe181

Observation 64035ba7-42c5-4781-b986-2e02bd060ad1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:48.581028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.634568Z digest=sha256:7fb08d1a3f11915d2c6b38baf09162252de755d26a600e08768acbb511489f8b

Observation b890c390-0539-41d2-ae47-9a73ef83eebe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:48.385857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.722175Z digest=sha256:407e3c402bfd5afa4e8ee0e16f9967c903a0302389c4d56d13d7159028c83ae6

Observation 6f9653be-5fef-4acb-b677-cf50359c90ca · outbound

This paper cites 2014.Cross-Strait Common Vocabulary.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese 2014.Cross-Strait Common Vocabulary

Reference 26

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:48.197899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.821082Z digest=sha256:de9fbc7d92b523eca58170cf8382b0c80f5541d9db6d4921b605b0b182c71c4b

Observation 70d0fd2e-a758-4d9b-82c4-387f57b42583 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:48.098989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:32.927899Z digest=sha256:8bbd4be482f5fc8ae66853edd087d7d509dae3db6c79ecde9aa6c2eaded803cc

Observation 14a7e2f5-2b75-4c12-ae78-6962f805f145 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:47.897485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:33.014748Z digest=sha256:09a7914e7e8d8e6b97c2a4df4b37eb75322867a6ce90b79b4dba179966aa1097

Observation 3dada96b-9511-4e55-ae8b-0ce95df38746 · outbound

This paper cites Taiwan LLM: Bridging the Linguistic Divide with a Culturally Aligned Language Model.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Taiwan LLM: Bridging the Linguistic Divide with a Culturally Aligned Language Model

Reference 29

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:33.152996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:33.152996Z digest=sha256:2d3629ac6a11dbc8a12b817a088c54d122000ef51503232afa271acd27c39da7

Observation 14dec79f-b24c-48da-a872-401136617f89 · outbound

This paper cites M3KE: A Massive Multi-Level Multi-Subject Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Chinese Large Language Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese M3KE: A Massive Multi-Level Multi-Subject Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Chinese Large Language Models

Reference 30

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:33.253765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:33.253765Z digest=sha256:f65f7108058993b713cd32eb8a6b462be287f9000a276e6c3d290ca2c4670d07

Observation e7d06946-c116-454c-9acf-741f7e0ffac2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:47.708876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:33.684207Z digest=sha256:9f9f460f8e7e2b7126e653002607fe6081c60691dd680731886ec173328c0470

Observation c96a5d48-19fd-4db4-8fa2-81e2d1274caf · outbound

This paper cites AlignBench: Benchmarking Chinese Alignment of Large Language Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese AlignBench: Benchmarking Chinese Alignment of Large Language Models

Reference 32

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:35.123660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.123660Z digest=sha256:a99b410e5db57ccdbcccce6995f7c695fd031c98076bdc74827f00f718e48271

Observation af759ff3-f42c-4728-80e7-5ff51f48cf94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:47.594564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.242146Z digest=sha256:27ea22f4312d3dc5a7f7e34b5bd1d1edfd8b347895a5254bbc772c834b85b9b1

Observation c293d06b-bcf0-4eed-b842-9541e194039c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:47.428692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.312505Z digest=sha256:7da2917d0ae82ba9aa32c46597605513d1d0b3944282ca5a0cb1e8e3b19ae2eb

Observation 9c35dfd0-7145-434b-b2fb-856a1fe9d120 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:47.262556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.363552Z digest=sha256:84dea186451b85ae03c2d894edbf7a6110ab076a6c6e5a035b7a801cb39c5656

Observation 76164aca-ed98-42cc-adfb-57f4143e3ed8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:35.477915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.477915Z digest=sha256:2323660e6fb5058f228df5a612ae6f0a25a25aeb5bd758d0fe23ad9d74feb9c7

Observation 44db0511-3636-4d0a-9ae3-9f2c51d09cf3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:47.104216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.616539Z digest=sha256:7d30a83d6d435b09d898babe835e90c4a556508926f29ac6bda4387f9280a623

Observation cbf03e0e-e4dd-44be-affe-2a3d747f0dd9 · outbound

This paper cites You Gotta be a Doctor, Lin.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese You Gotta be a Doctor, Lin

Reference 38

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:35.704778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.704778Z digest=sha256:acab879635c84938c01b05d9fe0dcb163cfdba261842717528e93f9eeb21bd70

Observation 68c9261f-3b71-4f2f-b115-9e463062d243 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:35.759205Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.759205Z digest=sha256:5f227b092a407a963408133d570554446e7eeded2ca967fcef37f77c84b769c7

Observation a96a57f6-9d75-4bdc-8393-ec0c6934c325 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 40

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:35.852792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.852792Z digest=sha256:d544726fe6da7f6f012abd12671a4bd89cee2650205b19f4a570dd00a8eff20e

Observation 645f9098-7bcc-4145-b065-66ed8e14bfa0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:46.921259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.931937Z digest=sha256:fb4b9f34eeb9ca8f10b3d905327cecd40b6af4d5aad081a554501e290675e8fd

Observation afb468d6-2da8-41e9-ad99-0fb6e746f109 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

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malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:35.981737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:35.981737Z digest=sha256:eb6cab8cd5417baa79e30a8aa0d9997236f0695a03eab84ee1e0d9aebf9db15c

Observation 48dde9e9-033b-4de0-b243-cfd657b7cf2c · outbound

This paper cites Representation Bias in Political Sample Simulations with Large Language Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Representation Bias in Political Sample Simulations with Large Language Models

Reference 43

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:36.053733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.053733Z digest=sha256:c22e5b2620400d67c5d0bbace58a6400d79dc126ec78ee2dfc118c7c8c67bda2

Observation 2c159b20-40a3-40eb-a75a-cde45c80f9a9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:46.676902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.113066Z digest=sha256:fae7dd75e63ac1c65e3f0beb6bb05d91402ee2ca1c360d99c71eca2ee1373302

Observation 29aadae1-335c-42fc-99f2-13160effaa0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:46.407794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.169580Z digest=sha256:315989841a921a2ee18255da9b3c91732939847790b16db03e69bd185c271297

Observation a141008e-d4cc-4b50-ba41-b57af47096f2 · outbound

This paper cites DRCD: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese DRCD: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:36.231764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.231764Z digest=sha256:e50282261b823c0c7944ec7d85675a20a1dceb4484b755289e2b13f8e6710c01

Observation e8ffec54-4672-4571-8af3-3eb8bd060f03 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding the Capabilities and Limitations of Large Language Models for Cultural Commonsense.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Understanding the Capabilities and Limitations of Large Language Models for Cultural Commonsense

Reference 47

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:43.395056Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.303605Z digest=sha256:349947a033dec961b31199f601d567fe861afbaf36fe6bd699268e1efce0d1c3

Observation 57050bd2-6bd5-4be6-ad2f-16652e4b97e6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:36.380620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.380620Z digest=sha256:97fcf8a19879f6af4dd96acc6c53843ea447337e7a3427bee837ce031164b578

Observation 7f822631-93e3-410b-8721-8c659899fa22 · outbound

This paper cites An Improved Traditional Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Model.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese An Improved Traditional Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Model

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:36.429274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.429274Z digest=sha256:ed11f5758f0039211412bd6b74bfc9ff6f6dbad219f01300a40c557ba95f0f23

Observation eb6d16db-f385-4fec-93f9-00d7ec28b149 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:46.169293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.493188Z digest=sha256:160fdb51df26c1a2e321e2360fc72373a905b399eb5b11b14142f84e74ac5d9d

Observation e4a6b6e2-a16d-47c1-9ecb-cccd2da9e28f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:45.921914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.646064Z digest=sha256:bc0cd4826e7d2f5f75c171ca3c55fc390528b546e1116cd61241bd7a01a946fe

Observation 2181d440-b5cf-4ce0-8452-4e3c5006006c · outbound

This paper cites Tokenization Matters! Degrading Large Language Models through Challenging Their Tokenization.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Tokenization Matters! Degrading Large Language Models through Challenging Their Tokenization

Reference 52

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:36.997337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.997337Z digest=sha256:7609364ca5fb80aa1df0f66487862a69599f70c712da19d9b0563f8caafb692c

Observation cccf2123-61a5-4390-b7f7-956a19eb431f · outbound

This paper cites InInternational Conference on Future Data and Security Engineering.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese InInternational Conference on Future Data and Security Engineering

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:45.664066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:36.801158Z digest=sha256:e617c8ba5fcfd05692ccd6d84c8d7f9af9a2208dd2ec13db03ffe1e6974a7d07

Observation e5d123ac-7ebf-4b8a-8a2b-eea636c20ea8 · outbound

This paper cites SuperCLUE: A Comprehensive Chinese Large Language Model Benchmark.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese SuperCLUE: A Comprehensive Chinese Large Language Model Benchmark

Reference 54

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:37.868531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:37.868531Z digest=sha256:b825cce9cc0756e15628d092a8a6f2626b9270ebda735adfc3bad9cb287a3897

Observation 241860de-dbbe-437b-be98-94291fab8340 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:37.153111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:37.153111Z digest=sha256:18c9433f6bd23a3d152898103a3cae589386de456b8ab5d0e739bae911504dc3

Observation 9fdfa246-e1f6-49a2-b98a-59a8c784ed9d · outbound

This paper cites Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:41.594989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:41.594989Z digest=sha256:e26ad9c1e26add2880e5aa3b876810cbab6710af8db8efe1cce886ca3b963d25

Observation a72ff429-0a63-4623-8c30-c279fc082c76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:45.181819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:41.698828Z digest=sha256:410d0ed139d7345d388321ed69c26b8554b2bec23f0566c58138efdd3f588c00

Observation d81fe88d-cf40-452e-abd2-5962290990d2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:45.432677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:41.450501Z digest=sha256:e9cae721361610f69420023216afec2c9823c1a4c36948cbbde98d86b9112965

Observation fb90e844-159d-4fda-9d42-24c1e5d3a756 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:44.919970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:41.940753Z digest=sha256:c79a86efff77acd656651912be7df14deda50fbbd2640493f81be7feacd5beeb

Observation b6a294bb-be51-42d8-a464-9bf13358b22d · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Chinese Understanding.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Measuring Massive Multitask Chinese Understanding

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.054548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.054548Z digest=sha256:99a998dcd2ad03ff6d28453b9cc818b2f19ca4cdab669a87d7e6a22799828244

Observation 35c49881-b2be-408c-8d4f-30247ceaaf51 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:41.810565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:41.810565Z digest=sha256:8f7bd9a94165fb16f5c09cd6c625e08228ebee0e60e82c34344b0f75c4a080f3

Observation 323ca0c1-13da-442d-a8f8-96100d92722f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:44.706686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.300278Z digest=sha256:c6fd2b49d3cf9728939e2d29b732876ac31cea5f41d50163adda6735cb85357a

Observation d2609f66-1acf-4929-b275-2829dc9b277b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.412145Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.412145Z digest=sha256:a34150f020c13d1b91e46fdf7ac7d0a1669bcaa75beeba8ec2905befed5fcc0f

Observation 115e8a3e-4853-4981-843f-0e76cc390340 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.141820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.141820Z digest=sha256:d9d6c7cdc2901e8fa151d3d8c9354f90fef2995647557f3c5ba6122e0fbdbab6

Observation c6e092f6-a6c0-4566-b94f-c61256041fe3 · outbound

This paper cites AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models

Reference 65

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.832179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.832179Z digest=sha256:780f97bebf862ef0b89359f3a284844db75abb846a3e094f42bb44906a4eb22a

Observation 9ac88aa5-ca0f-4f78-80c0-2d4f8707cfad · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 68

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.703548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.703548Z digest=sha256:1a5ae749a58c961946376c0f262016d1789e436ddebbc32bbd1fde8d1752fb54

Observation 3c2418aa-9d83-4713-83f3-307c625ee44a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 2018

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.549693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:42.549693Z digest=sha256:a79e9575019385480650d9c89228ec977685375a522f230d97aef11dcd04fbf3

Observation 76fbcfae-3b87-4731-baf1-89cb3c353ecd · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 2022

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:37.342777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:37.342777Z digest=sha256:b84146eb59501f9abfa569108e8af6e7c43f6226c6d801c131d138a838f2d0bc

Observation 0b04944f-509a-49b6-a454-95a164a3cb63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:50.701651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T13:08:30.864747Z digest=sha256:dbf1a31ee626b6590af0b8faf9bb70020322800a576032a1b5ed40404fbe7547

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.