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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 50 of 50 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.11935.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.11935 v3

Coverage vector

measured 50 of 50 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.191079Z

measured 50 of 50 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

50 of 50 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy40
  • unresolved8
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 67ada104-1119-4047-ae09-ad86d0bc8ad0 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.perplexity.ai.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes https://www.perplexity.ai

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.796967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.985283Z digest=sha256:c235efd2bdf5b33ca29a0bea31d5ea9caafdab6fae833d275ce7b1f80afb97dc

Observation 308f208f-60a5-45c5-a20e-bc101cf0e013 · outbound

This paper cites Student-ai interaction: A case study of cs1 students.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Student-ai interaction: A case study of cs1 students

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.785827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.990851Z digest=sha256:16a6d8f02e1d3dbdf60cd71f4519cd73ac819f37bb0d7e2e92a58a7eaf2ea49f

Observation e315f74f-4781-40e2-9988-50d81bb9feab · outbound

This paper cites Trust in generative ai among students: An exploratory study.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Trust in generative ai among students: An exploratory study

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.775384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.995476Z digest=sha256:39d02b22bb4a1ea28882d1434aa83fdac217a4e8f1b080a64b8f27cbb25eb67a

Observation 992a61dc-d68b-4c15-a222-e39bfa364db7 · outbound

This paper cites AI-enhanced Auto-correction of Programming Exercises: How Effective is GPT-3.5?.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes AI-enhanced Auto-correction of Programming Exercises: How Effective is GPT-3.5?

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.275184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:22.999978Z digest=sha256:ed0f672ddb74ac94438ada6fbc1c99b256c062f72b83b248e2777be9ea5981da

Observation a68cfb38-6bc4-461c-8872-81fc7a84c218 · outbound

This paper cites Becker, Paul Denny, James Finnie-Ansley, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, James Prather, and Eddie Antonio Santos.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Becker, Paul Denny, James Finnie-Ansley, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, James Prather, and Eddie Antonio Santos

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.764154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.005225Z digest=sha256:4334c00425c8028457630ccf44c26eef93cd2903c599be12e5aee2f65ebdb22d

Observation 4b3401df-8691-40af-b6e2-6fc4e4eaf712 · outbound

This paper cites Bruce Croft, and Mark Sanderson.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Bruce Croft, and Mark Sanderson

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.751930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.009028Z digest=sha256:b580be3996c05acc932ec2a766348e1359b65cee00b75e1399284e7a8a0c51f9

Observation 35853da6-eb04-4fbc-834f-78c0c76f2803 · outbound

This paper cites Two studies of opportunistic programming: interleaving web foraging, learning, and writing code.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Two studies of opportunistic programming: interleaving web foraging, learning, and writing code

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.738979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.013411Z digest=sha256:8d7bf61664e67148b3e863c21a71dd5c87c11707b208f891db395d2769854f91

Observation 55d56c1c-e8d3-425d-a997-d1344a50d1aa · outbound

This paper cites A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.016970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.016970Z digest=sha256:f52d0bb8404352595b2fcbee7ca33644aabfc09b4b2d6e4ec464e3cef1a0eab3

Observation 2be44877-1f40-42f7-a710-8f94ef45c593 · outbound

This paper cites Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resources.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resources

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.020486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.020486Z digest=sha256:d6c4c3ace3cea4be239d940684e961b52673fc906234807f722291573e1c860c

Observation 0e38ef93-b8af-4399-bec3-811394433e98 · outbound

This paper cites Robillard.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Robillard

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.719542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.024079Z digest=sha256:1795ce64a5af0b5c8a6b4a6e270afe809c72612cd7263b424b79577ff3f3c5ba

Observation 9dfc2780-99cd-473a-a916-6aecf036333c · outbound

This paper cites Immediately invoked function expressions (iife) in javascript.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Immediately invoked function expressions (iife) in javascript

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.707325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.027937Z digest=sha256:f4f0c8bccb836b5c04914c20636ffe3ffc750d5a8d111697b5febddffa2ade82

Observation c87625d4-1c78-4ab5-8061-ea1e91fb7bef · outbound

This paper cites Six opportunities for scientists and engineers to learn programming using ai tools such as chatgpt.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Six opportunities for scientists and engineers to learn programming using ai tools such as chatgpt

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.695579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.031783Z digest=sha256:f79029a00c89af74b9b3fedbac2f87f5b2db981db00f683da38b2ef5fbc94cb9

Observation b6e507de-502b-4fd3-9767-33689ec05a7c · outbound

This paper cites Currying in javascript explained with examples.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Currying in javascript explained with examples

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.683541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.036238Z digest=sha256:26cbd8051582f44fbeb1269b65e67623edc59b444eb65d646286fe7fae09822d

Observation d629581b-0295-424f-9da4-6dc79634549b · outbound

This paper cites TELeR: A general taxonomy of LLM prompts for benchmarking complex tasks.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes TELeR: A general taxonomy of LLM prompts for benchmarking complex tasks

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.672763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.040016Z digest=sha256:984746e36f18fdf523daa5761fbf31c95ff2872585217551447a8b5ce2c2d787

Observation c2e8ffbb-4bc2-4252-bc30-9cdfa8ce22f2 · outbound

This paper cites How novices use llm-based code generators to solve cs1 coding tasks in a self-paced learning environment.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes How novices use llm-based code generators to solve cs1 coding tasks in a self-paced learning environment

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.655261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.048122Z digest=sha256:a3058e65df59b30e05419e17aaeddc7bacab43fbbd52bd4e6c882aa794328b26

Observation 3a528c96-0e28-4f99-ba19-e22083bc203c · outbound

This paper cites Codeaid: Evaluating a classroom deployment of an llm-based programming assistant that balances student and educator needs.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Codeaid: Evaluating a classroom deployment of an llm-based programming assistant that balances student and educator needs

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.643759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.052728Z digest=sha256:08c20969864b51b10543b5559401446c0d92f6aca621cfffd9c24802755e6838

Observation f94d2b6e-bb3e-41ad-8570-c6a5a5185876 · outbound

This paper cites Information needs in collocated software development teams.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Information needs in collocated software development teams

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.632508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.057659Z digest=sha256:189f41d5348b7aef44a9b88bf732045a0aa495376b12c12fe847929cf59459d0

Observation d1dc32dc-d21d-48a6-b2bf-72426e105e39 · outbound

This paper cites Multimodality of ai for education: Towards artificial general intelligence, 2023.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Multimodality of ai for education: Towards artificial general intelligence, 2023

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.621231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.061866Z digest=sha256:b8cffd291d7e75d6e40a3b7b726ea3d2974f72e9cefeb3afecaf8c80920f957c

Observation 27e4ff26-fa14-4db0-b7ae-b49be6083fde · outbound

This paper cites The impact of generative ai on critical thinking: Self-reported reductions in cognitive effort and confidence effects from a survey of knowledge workers.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The impact of generative ai on critical thinking: Self-reported reductions in cognitive effort and confidence effects from a survey of knowledge workers

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.609804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.066271Z digest=sha256:a1f708ed218888bf194c785f01fd922b5947d02f54d4c36de92d8b9a1c7d4123

Observation 1b899a51-9c10-40e7-af00-d4b631c1f3dc · outbound

This paper cites Comparing code explanations created by students and large language models.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Comparing code explanations created by students and large language models

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.598004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.070325Z digest=sha256:b9b2b794be25d85d6c14043301d78bff9220ae7ff42352f57bccad188b660cea

Observation 569af410-7878-4750-85a4-5ce021b3cd7c · outbound

This paper cites Experiences from using code explanations generated by large language models in a web software development e-book.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Experiences from using code explanations generated by large language models in a web software development e-book

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.586572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.074425Z digest=sha256:e7d53a8d02666d0318611105c55f457631537d3af48c824df90ba44064b0fdf4

Observation 5bf35779-763e-499a-a53d-d2c728ab4adf · outbound

This paper cites Why computing students learn on their own: Motivation for self-directed learning of computing.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Why computing students learn on their own: Motivation for self-directed learning of computing

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.576481Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.078569Z digest=sha256:44e7a4735e265da62436c46a5072eb829ecb38cf4803d92d6a73dab610b64f0e

Observation a890a1a5-2764-4b5c-8505-8c368527a6d3 · outbound

This paper cites Computing students learning computing informally.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Computing students learning computing informally

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.566667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.083181Z digest=sha256:292c7c4588150ca081af087ac3f65275ba13651bdd1aba298014700e2a81074b

Observation 056937c9-ed53-4fe0-81ca-a8bbd9cb2a9c · outbound

This paper cites Social media as a complementary learning tool for teaching and learning: The case of youtube.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Social media as a complementary learning tool for teaching and learning: The case of youtube

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.557474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.087408Z digest=sha256:1a3a8810a5f3c476b20588aef43d8e540083c0f3fc4c39894ef46d89e6e9c543

Observation a9bf1ee7-b022-4a41-bdcd-30874f2e3428 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.546317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.092160Z digest=sha256:757cc9948fed01e987182f7a22e2aa38aa69100c1e44e4ef49443cf41dbfba7b

Observation cb5e7feb-098a-4e8d-b9de-209f9c5dd169 · outbound

This paper cites The impact of prompt engineering and a generative ai-driven tool on autonomous learning: A case study.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The impact of prompt engineering and a generative ai-driven tool on autonomous learning: A case study

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.533858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.096054Z digest=sha256:f3bc805d2358cfec2cbdbc72ea045dcf0e77e30d607ab0ebaaa13fb72ab2e1c8

Observation 80845adb-46ac-46d1-b920-ed0e682c39b2 · outbound

This paper cites How beginning programmers and code llms (mis)read each other.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes How beginning programmers and code llms (mis)read each other

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.522302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.100384Z digest=sha256:5ca5b8bf2dec7a9843c984be76705975e4036abd51080755258fb440f62dc650

Observation c787c3eb-d14f-4f2c-8908-38baa5bda3c3 · outbound

This paper cites Information foraging in information access environments.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Information foraging in information access environments

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.510632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.104782Z digest=sha256:5e5a7ad96287c7467b93bd1d586ab87a2187a7007ec8d0a8c444ea7bbdc98d37

Observation 4ed1f235-ed06-4503-9ebd-d615881d9c97 · outbound

This paper cites The Robots are Here: Navigating the Generative AI Revolution in Computing Education.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The Robots are Here: Navigating the Generative AI Revolution in Computing Education

Reference 29

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.245070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.109219Z digest=sha256:0c0b059de2e7ec2f69bce49176ac8cc3bddfb738c514582579a65f6e85f5aa3d

Observation 8d6d5bc5-b3ef-4183-bbe4-6f761c90e44e · outbound

This paper cites The widening gap: The benefits and harms of generative ai for novice programmers.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The widening gap: The benefits and harms of generative ai for novice programmers

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.498321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.113555Z digest=sha256:4ec44577c610a26b529a33f114c2518b5eb113c89f744072fe94989d2523450c

Observation 5041d52b-a019-4cb4-89eb-5237848bce08 · outbound

This paper cites Randrianasolo, Brett Becker, Bailey Kimmel, Jared Wright, and Ben Briggs.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Randrianasolo, Brett Becker, Bailey Kimmel, Jared Wright, and Ben Briggs

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.486815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.117355Z digest=sha256:cd8b00f67cb05f75ea0f2eb603c07ee77ff711be0d72afdcae6088fd91c7a074

Observation 56b29d47-f0c6-43b5-a24f-d867b45c7793 · outbound

This paper cites "It's Weird That it Knows What I Want": Usability and Interactions with Copilot for Novice Programmers.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes "It's Weird That it Knows What I Want": Usability and Interactions with Copilot for Novice Programmers

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.121242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.121242Z digest=sha256:8bb4f9bae8f59a62c546c6881e7c31eb7c4aa14c3fccd57c57e9f47c0d799e14

Observation 68606d49-c02c-4795-9aa2-47ae37db1095 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt in computer science curriculum assessment: An analysis of its successes and shortcomings.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Chatgpt in computer science curriculum assessment: An analysis of its successes and shortcomings

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.475165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.125115Z digest=sha256:27813531aae576db0ea1631fc481c310214fd333cf1cc91ed6f8b05cc0672ae3

Observation 7b687e52-fe9e-45e8-a1db-f24b0d03f290 · outbound

This paper cites Next-step hint generation for introductory programming using large language models, 2023.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Next-step hint generation for introductory programming using large language models, 2023

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.463874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.129301Z digest=sha256:a0ae8b823aca644690813efc96d8133c4925eb312be179360042eeb93eb3ae02

Observation f37b7bca-fc04-4ab6-b178-df8e643cee1c · outbound

This paper cites Gordon, Carina Negreanu, Christian Poelitz, Sruti Srinivasa Ragavan, and Ben Zorn.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Gordon, Carina Negreanu, Christian Poelitz, Sruti Srinivasa Ragavan, and Ben Zorn

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.453073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.133271Z digest=sha256:b8e0f9d2bd1373f56fdaab6a733c7c6f48f5bbd0a63fe2943f3d9e386492852d

Observation a8e88129-9213-43ca-8f4f-c61f9c4ddba5 · outbound

This paper cites How knowledge workers use the web.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes How knowledge workers use the web

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.441558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.137870Z digest=sha256:b86ff6f7f32884251a94c6adb746410214778a8e3465de30a987136e48d54c08

Observation 3e03af5b-c3e4-4f6d-809c-4a3308816e9c · outbound

This paper cites Sellen, Rachel Murphy, and Kate L.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Sellen, Rachel Murphy, and Kate L

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.429896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.141967Z digest=sha256:e0b122141d0be624b5e7d6defdc09755c5257dfb3bcabbe8cbf43b4d089f8e35

Observation 63eafb3d-32b1-40ad-a043-62d910cc0fea · outbound

This paper cites An investigation of the drivers of novice programmers’ intentions to use web search and genai.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes An investigation of the drivers of novice programmers’ intentions to use web search and genai

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.417776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.146245Z digest=sha256:1eb3dd10b179858cac69f5678f4b32333b53ecf88a71cb004a3224a4241fadba

Observation 8f68f732-3aa5-42e3-8063-82063b4412db · outbound

This paper cites Stack overflow developer survey 2024, 2024.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Stack overflow developer survey 2024, 2024

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.397593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.154584Z digest=sha256:fbf64d3fc36a3f195131872f331a96fbdbb29f31b3e78ed91973057f5bcc16f5

Observation 690d9586-26af-4b15-baee-7e089ef6964b · outbound

This paper cites Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in ChatGPT.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in ChatGPT

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.384781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.158479Z digest=sha256:5b020feaa9a18842e361d2e3f18363766dab844ade8dd9faf8d191ffe743fdd3

Observation 383bfaf0-1cce-41e5-b2c7-c3f6f76750ec · outbound

This paper cites Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in chatgpt.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Investigating students’ programming behaviors, interaction qualities and perceptions through prompt-based learning in chatgpt

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.372218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.162609Z digest=sha256:373240f1f13102869e8c575877e064757b322e77cefce05840d31467c0d5f6e6

Observation 63ee306e-1153-4a30-8a5b-ba7f787154f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.361151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.166589Z digest=sha256:eccc5578c84d1b6a3bce608dfad6a9bff91baed66b6b879bc9282e838d166f34

Observation 6510076d-55c8-4c8f-bb9c-b9a7b3c960fd · outbound

This paper cites Comparing non-visual and visual information foraging on the web.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Comparing non-visual and visual information foraging on the web

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.350045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.170824Z digest=sha256:1fe262660ef822f68c4cca0c3105ddc55755ae8e2f6121d68949d427f3c99077

Observation fb8f1a00-97dd-46b4-b99a-4d8b0641ab7d · outbound

This paper cites Fostering postgraduate student engagement: online resources supporting self-directed learning in a diverse cohort.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Fostering postgraduate student engagement: online resources supporting self-directed learning in a diverse cohort

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.337324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.175090Z digest=sha256:5d058d0427fce4ea3a1dcb8bde8e5ae3b5b4e10cb1875f64d840ef9e34026ccd

Observation 69611bd8-564e-43a8-8843-0e28d385233a · outbound

This paper cites The rise and development of digital education.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes The rise and development of digital education

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.324212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.178769Z digest=sha256:9b73ffd06fd60ea64fe15047af10ebf57c5004a817042a6c3785b4de399238f9

Observation 7117cad8-c6fa-4be4-bb69-cc3e3c9ecd98 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.312303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.182768Z digest=sha256:aaa0811aaa7885afd43076bc37af6dd9fdd770c06cd78762b998ecdf68fd0c91

Observation b7fd15b8-9722-4477-91aa-6836b1eac00e · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.300150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.186965Z digest=sha256:0989def2b66fd0d9446cd4a92abe22c2af283dad5564fc4a3ef3a2b1a22a3e3f

Observation 915d7c59-981c-4c7a-b468-11ad110026c4 · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes A comprehensive systematic review of ai-driven approaches to self-directed learning

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.287249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.191079Z digest=sha256:93fc31e35dde5332d697dd479c0c8b458ff4d4f461925266301542b98987816f

Observation b2e9a2ea-93aa-461e-bf7c-b137cdeac09f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.044098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.044098Z digest=sha256:49f2459123494204dc603dde45b89591796108ab91581f902de3abe8212a78ea

Observation 3170a29f-41e6-4f6b-8d02-d929ab96fcc5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Google or To ChatGPT? A Comparison of CS2 Students' Information Gathering Approaches and Outcomes Unresolved cited work

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:46:23.150523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T17:46:23.150523Z digest=sha256:82bca060cf7e3123bee9a5d591bc87ed8d920c4960af8482b0c4d54af9f0f858

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.