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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Causal inference and racial bias in policing: New estimands and the importance of mobility data

As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2409.08059.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2409.08059 v2

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 1 of 1 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T11:58:48.339046Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-08T11:58:48.776803Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved0
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation ddea2c1e-c095-4c28-a61b-41a70d43f7ee · inbound

A scalable Bayesian double machine learning framework, with application to racial disproportionality assessment cites this paper.

A scalable Bayesian double machine learning framework, with application to racial disproportionality assessment Causal inference and racial bias in policing: New estimands and the importance of mobility data

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T11:58:48.782159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-08T11:58:48.339046Z digest=sha256:c6167c304ca15e376736dd004c2185b67ba107379a1240cba1f3d6ebae7e0fd6