Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.08902.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.08902 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.987681Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact9
verified fuzzy1
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier4
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6ddf0198-7f9a-4277-b77c-ee578cfee924 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.401516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3c31353-3780-4e7c-8560-7f10864bcfad · outbound

This paper cites Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.406620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc03ec21-6068-4538-b9b2-377003761ac6 · outbound

This paper cites Performance of ChatGPT on a Radiology Board-style Examination: Insights into Current Strengths and Limitations.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Performance of ChatGPT on a Radiology Board-style Examination: Insights into Current Strengths and Limitations

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.714280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7b1034db-3094-487a-8639-96f18fa83d92 · outbound

This paper cites Chatbot vs Medical Student Performance on Free-Response Clinical Reasoning Examinations.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Chatbot vs Medical Student Performance on Free-Response Clinical Reasoning Examinations

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:37.093203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation ab104bfb-4620-44e6-b8d7-b5360d37c23c · outbound

This paper cites Adapted large language models can outperform medical experts in clinical text summarization.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Adapted large language models can outperform medical experts in clinical text summarization

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.419068Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 74c024b1-c028-4640-94ad-a143c57c0a31 · outbound

This paper cites The Breakthrough of Large Language Models Release for Medical Applications: 1-Year Timeline and Perspectives.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans The Breakthrough of Large Language Models Release for Medical Applications: 1-Year Timeline and Perspectives

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.423271Z

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Observation fe37db63-0131-4a23-82a1-bbcad95a556f · outbound

This paper cites Clinical Text Summarization: Adapting Large Language Models Can Outperform Human Experts.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Clinical Text Summarization: Adapting Large Language Models Can Outperform Human Experts

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.427483Z

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Observation a67a791b-deb1-44d5-a1c7-d3ef7cb417a2 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Model Influence on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Large Language Model Influence on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.431145Z

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Observation 1e1bb121-ed3d-4f5a-8b82-3a59b94ed5a5 · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI o1-Preview vs.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans OpenAI o1-Preview vs

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.681100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 82728767-2802-44cc-b952-ac65aa580234 · outbound

This paper cites Robustness of evidence reported in preprints during peer review.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Robustness of evidence reported in preprints during peer review

Reference 10

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.439479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b3ea2487-25ca-4ae0-a1b0-2d937f7bcca8 · outbound

This paper cites Pandemic publishing: Medical journals strongly speed up their publication process for COVID-19.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Pandemic publishing: Medical journals strongly speed up their publication process for COVID-19

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.576211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f595cf9c-5620-4821-a8ec-d101747eacee · outbound

This paper cites The future landscape of large language models in medicine.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans The future landscape of large language models in medicine

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.447468Z

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Observation f9d71a86-54b7-4c4e-9077-dac80ccc8be1 · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty Quantification for In-Context Learning of Large Language Models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Uncertainty Quantification for In-Context Learning of Large Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.452405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation d6d45596-5643-467d-8f22-dd6910afbbf4 · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty Estimation and Quantification for LLMs: A Simple Supervised Approach.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Uncertainty Estimation and Quantification for LLMs: A Simple Supervised Approach

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.456582Z

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Observation 7461c9a3-579e-44d3-ac12-f938667654b0 · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying Uncertainty in Natural Language Explanations of Large Language Models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Quantifying Uncertainty in Natural Language Explanations of Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.513036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ba09b003-e57a-4ba1-9857-b51e13a24c2b · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty is Fragile: Manipulating Uncertainty in Large Language Models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Uncertainty is Fragile: Manipulating Uncertainty in Large Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.615892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4763fc8c-2acc-4727-8c4f-5a9a7f129176 · outbound

This paper cites Medical large language models are vulnerable to data-poisoning attacks.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Medical large language models are vulnerable to data-poisoning attacks

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.619401Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42ce1986-0238-49a8-9ba3-4febde150a96 · outbound

This paper cites A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review

Reference 18

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.623418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a4ad2eba-8dd6-4e95-af3f-798699f292ee · outbound

This paper cites NLP for Maternal Healthcare: Perspectives and Guiding Principles in the Age of LLMs.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans NLP for Maternal Healthcare: Perspectives and Guiding Principles in the Age of LLMs

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.352600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation d455decd-b82c-48ff-bc64-c902bf9102ab · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the World Model Implicit in a Generative Model.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Evaluating the World Model Implicit in a Generative Model

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.631050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4f3d0998-2cc2-4ae6-aa0a-27a58bd8e541 · outbound

This paper cites The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.636088Z

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Observation db90b3f0-e655-47d2-9635-cd303bd0907f · outbound

This paper cites Reconciling the contrasting narratives on the environmental impact of large language models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Reconciling the contrasting narratives on the environmental impact of large language models

Reference 22

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.641121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1dc5e02d-0c5e-4686-add9-7d9771b471dd · outbound

This paper cites Emotional intelligence and patient-centred care.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Emotional intelligence and patient-centred care

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:37.194892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7f9bbdeb-1eb9-418d-91a9-88656b1daeca · outbound

This paper cites Physiciansʼ Empathy and Clinical Outcomes for Diabetic Patients: Academic Medicine.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Physiciansʼ Empathy and Clinical Outcomes for Diabetic Patients: Academic Medicine

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.310153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c11f45d5-6922-4da9-aa1b-6dfb7d017b7a · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models and Empathy: Systematic Review.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Large Language Models and Empathy: Systematic Review

Reference 25

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.653259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation bcb2a957-e224-4481-acf7-65cc9b1acb2d · outbound

This paper cites Emotional intelligence of Large Language Models.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Emotional intelligence of Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.656986Z

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Observation cb58e7c7-ffd8-489c-b675-2b7a810d9b1c · outbound

This paper cites Third-party evaluators perceive AI as more compassionate than expert humans.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Third-party evaluators perceive AI as more compassionate than expert humans

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.661261Z

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Observation 7ddc4e4d-a989-4c88-920c-a2aa20b27008 · outbound

This paper cites Empathy and the Right to Be an Exception: What LLMs Can and Cannot Do.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Empathy and the Right to Be an Exception: What LLMs Can and Cannot Do

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.664792Z

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Observation 9276face-79a7-4b7a-bab7-2c8ad3f2d34e · outbound

This paper cites Can LLMs make trade-offs involving stipulated pain and pleasure states?.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Can LLMs make trade-offs involving stipulated pain and pleasure states?

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.668607Z

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Observation 0fcf4d7e-6d9c-42ca-8ef6-7fdfae42b356 · outbound

This paper cites Ethical and Practical Issues with Opioids in Life-Limiting Illness.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Ethical and Practical Issues with Opioids in Life-Limiting Illness

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.917867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation bc93e989-b5d3-46ec-be9f-092b7eef168b · outbound

This paper cites Which Humans? Published online September 22, 2023.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Which Humans? Published online September 22, 2023

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.825025Z

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Observation b67b1b4a-feb6-4ba6-9748-a6f3b8d2f3c7 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models Represent Space and Time.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Language Models Represent Space and Time

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.876704Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 489ec628-f240-4388-9969-af2b488e3a21 · outbound

This paper cites Pre-Trained Language Models Represent Some Geographic Populations Better Than Others.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Pre-Trained Language Models Represent Some Geographic Populations Better Than Others

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.231771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f6896f4e-6c1a-4bc0-a925-cb6437d9854f · outbound

This paper cites Generative language models exhibit social identity biases.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Generative language models exhibit social identity biases

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.885865Z

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Observation 095c674a-1ff8-46cc-8ef3-70e3801e3145 · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Understand Context?.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Can Large Language Models Understand Context?

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.891639Z

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Observation 038535f0-4cc8-4db4-8fae-daaf39faf7d2 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models through Contrastive Decoding.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Enhancing Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models through Contrastive Decoding

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.898493Z

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Observation fffd2210-166d-4c55-85df-56e5768a3573 · outbound

This paper cites The Ultimate Guide to Fine-Tuning LLMs from Basics to Breakthroughs: An Exhaustive Review of Technologies, Research, Best Practices, Applied Research Challenges and Opportunities.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans The Ultimate Guide to Fine-Tuning LLMs from Basics to Breakthroughs: An Exhaustive Review of Technologies, Research, Best Practices, Applied Research Challenges and Opportunities

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.902693Z

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Observation f46a3dc0-8671-4db5-a0ae-e0fd21b767a1 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge-Empowered, Collaborative, and Co-Evolving AI Models: The Post-LLM Roadmap.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Knowledge-Empowered, Collaborative, and Co-Evolving AI Models: The Post-LLM Roadmap

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:36.172580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 6a7b443c-a2d4-4788-ad48-18a3f1811847 · outbound

This paper cites Academic collaboration on large language model studies increases overall but varies across disciplines.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Academic collaboration on large language model studies increases overall but varies across disciplines

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.910514Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27fa9ed8-f94c-45c6-8f5f-83e89de8137b · outbound

This paper cites Village mentoring and hive learning: The MIT Critical Data experience.

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans Village mentoring and hive learning: The MIT Critical Data experience

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:48:35.987681Z

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Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.