Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.350348Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.10683.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.350348Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T12:56:23.176889Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-29T14:13:31.050815Z
49 of 49 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation e89e422f-29b4-42ae-a7b0-0eda288c3ca3 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion repackaged chatgpt
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 069ea005-0ebb-4060-853a-b293d71b96c8 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion 360 ai:people-oriented, safe and credible
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 474464ad-8bcd-438b-b0d6-9ba11ea5c8b9 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AI
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b1d4326c-23b5-4fb6-a312-408cbdb6cbc1 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c8657002-3da4-45ce-b31f-1ab513f4b802 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 554e92f2-8c0a-4905-8f0a-771230ae7732 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Human chatgpt comparison corpus (hc3)
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation b5b8b734-c3de-4938-8bf0-9571d8e3af8f · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gpt-3: Its nature, scope, limits, and consequences
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 81a8b059-85b7-40f5-8337-d86d817b611c · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion WaterMax: breaking the LLM watermark detectability-robustness-quality trade-off
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 798e1d04-22f0-4a24-880b-c691a099bd2f · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 2ef66f9e-2608-4bbf-89f4-79a6932b6503 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion iflytek spark
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation ba156195-d79e-4c34-b7fd-4a9043276539 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Double-I Watermark: Protecting Model Copyright for LLM Fine-tuning
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7cb8a6cd-c348-4cfc-afe3-d4900ff9f715 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion If LLMs Would Just Look: Simple Line-by-line Checking Improves Vulnerability Localization
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6fa46375-64d6-49ec-95e3-e3535844e3c3 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion A survey of text watermarking in the era of large language models
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6019cb08-bf90-4c99-a47d-5469e545fc71 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 447cb77b-15ec-4710-8155-4e768e6e7a8f · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Your Large Language Models Are Leaving Fingerprints
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 594b8972-9e98-4bd8-a5b0-026414c8de40 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gemini-pro on poe claims its baidu’s wenxin llm when asked in chinese
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation fd146507-ca3b-4a38-9382-ebefee69fc6a · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Bytedance accused of ai ’repackaging,’ is keeping a low profile the real issue? https://www.chinaventure.com.cn/news/ 78-20231219-378840.html, 2023
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 89eb4583-cc26-4791-b23e-aa41a05a52b2 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Li kaifu’s company caught in llama architecture naming dispute, 01.ai responds: Code updates will follow
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 38ceccdc-358e-4e3d-8db2-8f48049b0960 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 5a78c3f1-6252-4e7b-95dc-117aad26391c · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gpt-4 through api says it’s gpt-3
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation d09f3850-028d-4e00-af70-fb6f49115e3e · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Sometimes gpt-4 thinks it’s 3.5? https://community
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 77fc0979-2ad7-49aa-80d1-bb29e7aa9844 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation af72275b-da62-49c2-89d6-eabaaa2a889a · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion MarkLLM: An Open-Source Toolkit for LLM Watermarking
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9e731981-ab9b-467a-9dbe-2e3aca561530 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion No Free Lunch in LLM Watermarking: Trade-offs in Watermarking Design Choices
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 58379ac5-8dbb-47b7-ad1d-c0b172e01cd5 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8aa1615d-5980-4629-a74a-c5a335960651 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c09766aa-c72c-40f8-af9b-082901b36c0b · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion In some condition, bard considered itself as a product of baidu
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 32c5b7bf-78e0-444b-b8fd-730cc8a7e3e7 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Mooncake: A KVCache-centric Disaggregated Architecture for LLM Serving
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1ee28745-f6ad-469f-b9b1-09adaba5e0a3 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Hey, That's My Model! Introducing Chain & Hash, An LLM Fingerprinting Technique
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 143705de-7bea-4932-81e9-35d057de663a · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion ERNIE 3.0: Large-scale Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7082c185-1fdb-4c0b-8e3c-e0bf44da2348 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Zidong taichu
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 268579dc-cb4a-43dd-b2c5-3cfae061037e · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 18e1be33-5275-45ca-8b18-5ef5e443ccf2 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Tencent hunyuan
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation aec049cc-0844-4f87-a342-daf7647bb3d3 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9c41dbf5-f7c4-47bf-b3c2-56908f0d2ac7 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1a7c6613-a1d6-48cb-8543-c5404e77f921 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Behind the ai boom: Large language model (llm) trends
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation b3d8c91d-b4f9-427d-92ba-3ecc9c1a8a14 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Tianrang xiaobai
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 183331de-44ea-4075-bb36-0ee89fd7b1ad · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Skywork: A More Open Bilingual Foundation Model
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a11a767a-f52b-4fc1-aad6-bc1da2cbf6ce · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Bypassing LLM Watermarks with Color-Aware Substitutions
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0ac983c6-53fb-4780-9bab-cf2a091abed3 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ad07820-64a3-409c-aef5-daee5b9158e4 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion ConU: Conformal Uncertainty in Large Language Models with Correctness Coverage Guarantees
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dfccdd93-9646-4eeb-a217-606a68de0f72 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion A fingerprint for large language models
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6f63b25f-e3bf-4181-b92c-dad2a5315c15 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion A survey on large language model (llm) security and privacy: The good, the bad, and the ugly
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 927d373f-5045-4d21-9e1c-47f00475b255 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion REEF: Representation Encoding Fingerprints for Large Language Models
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 70e2e2b6-334f-4280-a797-4cf6cfef426c · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5eac5d46-e546-44aa-b18e-e634273a9176 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion BuboGPT: Enabling Visual Grounding in Multi-Modal LLMs
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea40f1a6-11c6-43eb-b442-af60238cf891 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion REMARK-LLM: A robust and efficient wa- termarking framework for generative large language models
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 58bd85fa-7cdb-46ef-8a4b-bb97022d38cb · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work
Reference 2024
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation d7a0a67f-8541-4e60-9b5b-9642929709a9 · outbound
I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Accessed: 2024-11-14
Reference 2030
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 71d88322-e060-4ce9-9ef8-32417e9a9adb · inbound
KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 1357fe40-13a4-4807-a38b-f7a542aba34c · inbound
KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.