Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2501.02979.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.02979 v3

Coverage vector

measured 34 of 34 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.559418Z

measured 35 of 35 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T20:20:47.877687Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-10T22:00:48.638448Z

Reference resolution

34 of 34 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy21
unresolved8
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 621789bb-1286-4678-ae90-3281960dfe82 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.970550Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c9a6fefa-e14b-4842-a894-773a70dfc808 · outbound

This paper cites Asian Model → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← avg.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Asian Model → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← avg

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.759694Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 363fc9ee-4cea-4463-8e6e-20c7bcbd8564 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing, pages 21142–21157, Miami, Florida, USA.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing, pages 21142–21157, Miami, Florida, USA

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.868972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d5f209a5-5b0b-4d00-8f4f-40c32e3607e0 · outbound

This paper cites drink” points to r6, while “friend.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation drink” points to r6, while “friend

Reference 5

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.084424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2df64fc5-57d7-418b-8e8c-dc73b3bcf281 · outbound

This paper cites The data distribution is visualized at the family level in Figure 9a and at the language level in Fig- ure 9b.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation The data distribution is visualized at the family level in Figure 9a and at the language level in Fig- ure 9b

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.494678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 31ca6531-7975-423c-aaef-1709045a8a9a · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, pages 66–71, Brussels, Belgium.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, pages 66–71, Brussels, Belgium

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.739602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c7201587-e727-4ef6-a75c-9c15f58c892e · outbound

This paper cites No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.400942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b37ae3df-7e6e-4da2-9b1a-715810df75f6 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.407398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 30027b76-720c-4fc9-9068-2219c13a3107 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2019 Con- ference of the North American Chapter of the Associa- tion for Computational Linguistics (Demonstrations), pages 48–53, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the 2019 Con- ference of the North American Chapter of the Associa- tion for Computational Linguistics (Demonstrations), pages 48–53, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.715409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d355fc21-704b-4d92-b3cb-b8966362120e · outbound

This paper cites Languages Transferred Within the Encoder: On Representation Transfer in Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Languages Transferred Within the Encoder: On Representation Transfer in Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation

Reference 15

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.181544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ca7515c2-7ec4-4fdd-ba3b-c91fd3dc1e56 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Machine Translation (WMT), pages 578–585, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Hybrid).

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Machine Translation (WMT), pages 578–585, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Hybrid)

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.683575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation cd149ebc-6428-4815-8b3b-2b9756cf6d7a · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing (EMNLP), pages 2685–2702, Online.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Process- ing (EMNLP), pages 2685–2702, Online

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.652818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3a9c658a-fa57-4942-9551-89b7943e1b37 · outbound

This paper cites In Find- ings of the Association for Computational Linguis- tics: EMNLP 2023, pages 14973–14987, Singapore.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Find- ings of the Association for Computational Linguis- tics: EMNLP 2023, pages 14973–14987, Singapore

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.618107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 49379c24-eff1-4fe2-bf70-ccdbb4e68de2 · outbound

This paper cites In Findings of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics ACL 2024 , pages 9201–9214, Bangkok, Thailand and virtual meeting.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Findings of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics ACL 2024 , pages 9201–9214, Bangkok, Thailand and virtual meeting

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.595125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 70d65c88-7825-4739-b211-8617ba0695d6 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 13553–13568, Singa- pore.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 13553–13568, Singa- pore

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.572437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 187df938-3367-42db-a558-f61b6475eabf · outbound

This paper cites Aligning Large Language Models with Human: A Survey.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Aligning Large Language Models with Human: A Survey

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.463608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97c78aba-6814-440e-8502-5498a95fbfe4 · outbound

This paper cites BigTranslate: Augmenting Large Language Models with Multilingual Translation Capability over 100 Languages.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation BigTranslate: Augmenting Large Language Models with Multilingual Translation Capability over 100 Languages

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.476769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 284ac533-a723-4821-8c38-d93122f9ba4f · outbound

This paper cites In Findings of the Association for Computa- tional Linguistics: NAACL 2024, pages 2765–2781, Mexico City, Mexico.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Findings of the Association for Computa- tional Linguistics: NAACL 2024, pages 2765–2781, Mexico City, Mexico

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.516290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a7bcd1fd-d80d-4261-b7f9-ec95b6169223 · outbound

This paper cites We train on 8 Tesla V100 GPUs, setting memory-efficient- fp16 in Fairseq, with a maximum input of 2048 source tokens per GPU and a gradient accumu- lation of 16 steps.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation We train on 8 Tesla V100 GPUs, setting memory-efficient- fp16 in Fairseq, with a maximum input of 2048 source tokens per GPU and a gradient accumu- lation of 16 steps

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.467064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ae3da742-c192-498f-9aa6-bd1c2355789c · outbound

This paper cites We include only supervised transla- tion directions in validation.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation We include only supervised transla- tion directions in validation

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.441220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c6cf727d-842e-4378-8a83-4600a30336fe · outbound

This paper cites It is important to note that random.sample causes the 5 and 25 directions to be subsets of the 100 directions.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation It is important to note that random.sample causes the 5 and 25 directions to be subsets of the 100 directions

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.418951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f92148d8-9fcd-4d57-8ae6-ed33459091bb · outbound

This paper cites F Prompts for GPT Our prompts for GPT series follow: Translating the following sentence from [SRC] to [TGT]: [INPUT].

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation F Prompts for GPT Our prompts for GPT series follow: Translating the following sentence from [SRC] to [TGT]: [INPUT]

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.392894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 268e1335-8b6b-45de-b21d-4bf0c1364cd5 · outbound

This paper cites Asian Model → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← avg.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Asian Model → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← → ← avg

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.864905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 9453e50b-3777-46e7-ae71-aec82888b857 · outbound

This paper cites English* Germanic Romance Slavic Mal.-Pol.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation English* Germanic Romance Slavic Mal.-Pol

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.365732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 452b1d98-6323-4bd7-b681-582831b463d7 · outbound

This paper cites Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network

Reference 2015

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.384867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 337cfb78-574a-4a3d-ab2e-e46d052c7fed · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2016 Con- ference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 268–277, Austin, Texas.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Proceedings of the 2016 Con- ference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 268–277, Austin, Texas

Reference 2016

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.768966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 743edb82-5d4d-41f4-87e0-7225b9477e50 · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.390462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9b64343-b1f1-4fd7-8f6c-5be7fb287ec8 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 489–500, Brussels, Belgium.

Reference 2018

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.813639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 7f6559d4-6828-4e36-a30a-076dd3ec8a7b · outbound

This paper cites Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translation in the Wild: Findings and Challenges.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translation in the Wild: Findings and Challenges

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:49.321053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a0a946c-5a7b-4b4d-804a-4d0862789379 · outbound

This paper cites In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 33, pages 1877–1901.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 33, pages 1877–1901

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.909749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d5d04e4d-1628-47e4-910c-66b9cd51c5a6 · outbound

This paper cites In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, pages 3001–3007, Online.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, pages 3001–3007, Online

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.540965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation debb9b1a-5a47-4fe8-a368-55c4a62aaa18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Unresolved cited work

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.792259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 215d9df5-d84d-4626-8df3-c7283a4cd9d8 · outbound

This paper cites In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023, pages 9542–9558, Toronto, Canada.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023, pages 9542–9558, Toronto, Canada

Reference 2023

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.842009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5e8b4ff3-56d0-4517-8437-329e6ea6c981 · outbound

This paper cites In Find- ings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024, pages 10410–10423, Bangkok, Thailand and virtual meeting.

Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation In Find- ings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024, pages 10410–10423, Bangkok, Thailand and virtual meeting

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:05:50.889187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 83c7b3eb-869b-43e4-8689-0b906fad86cf · inbound

MERIT: Multilingual Expert-Reward Informed Tuning for Chinese-Centric Low-Resource Machine Translation cites this paper.

MERIT: Multilingual Expert-Reward Informed Tuning for Chinese-Centric Low-Resource Machine Translation Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T22:00:48.647866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.