Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:03:52.273544Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 73 of 73 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.16502.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:03:52.273544Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
73 of 73 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation aa7fe6c9-320f-4388-9a05-fe9051103818 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks A survey on end- edge-cloud orchestrated network computing paradigms: Transparent computing, mobile edge computing, fog computing, and cloudlet,
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f77921d4-2656-419c-ae18-8088998682bc · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Dis- tributed artificial intelligence empowered by end-edge-cloud computing: A survey,
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3f215ae8-c10f-47f0-923d-c294348d0682 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks End-edge-cloud collaborative computing for deep learning: A comprehensive survey,
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation eb72d876-72d2-4dc2-a707-d1dc6bf31405 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Language models are unsupervised multitask learners,
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ab2a75da-8b60-4eeb-9ac5-b1a4cfe143c6 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Attention is all you need,
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bcfca86d-27ec-48fa-b918-ad18c20ff31c · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models
Reference 6
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a01ef14f-811c-4325-8f3d-8e9ea054bc51 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Gpt-3.5 turbo: Legacy gpt model for cheaper chat and non-chat tasks,
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 25230337-a15e-4a4e-acb9-bca39da67ce4 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Language mod- els are few-shot learners,
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f7a38dc9-0d01-4778-b9eb-0644d69bbbc3 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2ed8bc71-5a54-4795-8ad1-fad87f664103 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Mobilellm: Optimizing sub- billion parameter language models for on-device use cases,
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b2317f5c-7ad2-4377-9116-c5637ac4b1b8 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks MiniCPM: Unveiling the Potential of Small Language Models with Scalable Training Strategies
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d6eb5a5f-1d98-488f-928c-956135fe1f98 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks {ServerlessLLM}:{Low-Latency}serverless inference for large language models,
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1b5dddea-3ba0-4b48-badf-7f62bda68647 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks {DistServe}: Disaggregating prefill and decoding for goodput-optimized large language model serving,
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 73a11d3a-22f3-458f-a75f-e2a7bb9bc1d9 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks PerLLM: Personalized Inference Scheduling with Edge-Cloud Collaboration for Diverse LLM Services
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation da6cac04-25d0-47ac-a936-3ad56c881256 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Pushing Large Language Models to the 6G Edge: Vision, Challenges, and Opportunities
Reference 15
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6766779f-6476-4dfd-865d-f41dc0b30e16 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Efficient inference with model cascades,
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation fe9a6b1a-9ace-4529-9776-56d122b8a1f2 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Qwen2.5 Technical Report
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fb86c9cc-4413-474c-a201-d1c08b9af139 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c4cfdc39-7d1f-4288-9907-06ee40cbe904 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea9eb830-3b46-439f-9401-9b178ed6583c · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Improving language understanding by generative pre-training,
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 58c05c6f-8467-457d-8f09-7d207f627d5f · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e5626681-1294-465b-8b1a-5b59e0c4209d · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Parameter-efficient transfer learning for nlp,
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 12341310-0a32-45ad-85de-817700fec943 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback,
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1c220965-1093-49be-b32d-13a34c0f0198 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer,
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5649af48-5e9d-4231-9b66-fd765b631585 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Dis- tributed artificial intelligence empowered by end-edge-cloud computing: A survey,
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8b4bfa50-169f-45f8-b423-e042506f7d05 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Hierarchical federated learning with momentum acceleration in multi-tier networks,
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 24ca8780-8122-4a60-a889-70b24090a5d2 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Beyond Model Scale Limits: End-Edge-Cloud Federated Learning with Self-Rectified Knowledge Agglomeration
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 7498f6e8-89f6-47e5-ab55-939469e442b5 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Edge computing: Vision and challenges,
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d79cd0c6-d67b-4ac0-b065-fef664d5da20 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Agglomerative federated learning: Empowering larger model training via end-edge-cloud collaboration,
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d5acd8c2-7037-4179-90c3-8c00e1c28528 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks A survey on task offloading in multi-access edge computing,
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f3e0427c-0e76-44b0-a227-a11d7b708806 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Task offloading in edge and cloud computing: A survey on mathe- matical, artificial intelligence and control theory solutions,
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 7c44ead7-ea88-496d-9950-d349e5850307 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Task offloading strategies for mobile edge computing: A survey,
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e028b19b-8c6a-47f9-ab94-6996b5cbd4db · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Understanding Softmax Confidence and Uncertainty
Reference 33
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50ff5842-17b7-4718-ad52-89b3239ddd89 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Learning word vectors for sentiment analysis,
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation a41db557-4579-4c35-b173-7ca3378f78da · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank,
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d086e3e3-30b7-409b-9f25-e592378d824b · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2d962a16-7adf-464c-8e15-e38b2f908de3 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Character-level convolutional net- works for text classification,
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 644c1433-3904-42d3-80d2-597d9476ef17 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Findings of the 2016 conference on machine translation (wmt16),
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c810788b-214c-4344-a706-30a0963994ed · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Findings of the 2019 conference on machine translation (wmt19)
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 76359dcb-60c3-476c-9878-d0486ec53186 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Parallel data, tools and interfaces in opus
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b17ff19c-a4e9-4a96-924d-b442082e52eb · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation abfb892a-ec6a-4c3c-a302-cd7c306b8f78 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks azizbarank/distilroberta-base-sst2-distilled,
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation faa6c4e7-a457-4519-9e99-ed4aa3f18813 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks textattack/roberta-base-sst-2,
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f83a1f93-6742-4685-86a2-ffb062d6c35f · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks howey/roberta-large-sst2,
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9c9cfada-9f57-42cf-98db-346ebbcd0df3 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Sebis/legal t5 small trans de en small finetuned,
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b54a5b9f-2c17-40fc-99ef-6c359ad4ba0c · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Opus-mt–building open translation services for the world,
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9292c553-dba2-423e-98de-40d047a6e4f1 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Pontifexmaximus/opus-mt-de-en-finetuned-de-to- en,
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e857de65-69ad-4263-bc05-f6268e0d4b55 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Deep Encoder, Shallow Decoder: Reevaluating Non-autoregressive Machine Translation
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4765dce9-ccd9-41b7-aa69-89c984321c81 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks allenai/wmt19-de-en-6-6-big,
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b6183f22-00e6-4fe2-8953-06717bf382c4 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Gemel: Model merging for {Memory-Efficient},{Real-Time}video analytics at the edge,
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d1c3d795-ab01-44e4-89d7-028df13f9543 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attention
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 05c6f0af-f7d8-4661-9b62-3ae1d5606e2f · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Tomor0720/deberta-large-finetuned-sst2,
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e86dc02c-bc97-4a77-9ec9-436605c31069 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d5d12da1-b643-48a1-9c95-66f896bba4b2 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Putting gpt-4o to the sword: A comprehensive evaluation of language, vision, speech, and multimodal proficiency,
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bbf8a3ca-0a4f-473d-880c-27067a4db531 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks The Claude 3 Model Family: Opus, Sonnet, Haiku,
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5854e7ee-e521-4dff-95e9-96367edc2c60 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Claude 3-5 sonnet,
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cca37d4c-788b-44c7-a2e9-801bb86db430 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Claude 3.7 sonnet and claude code,
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d8ba2b18-6304-48f0-bf8e-23f17f8cbaba · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2b94d8ab-70a8-4f73-bd57-255881fb89c5 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e501c481-cb94-45b0-9066-3f23633dc684 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9462e46a-9ba2-4910-b1f4-b9eb2df5a1ab · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Qwen Technical Report
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4ee98247-1b6a-4d6a-8084-0fd014632580 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dc962322-2ba3-459b-a789-cfcb3b29694f · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation adb9f63f-b204-4a52-b8ed-c4647ff9b2ba · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention,
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2e7b4652-3994-40c7-9abe-4ca620038cee · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Cachegen: Kv cache compression and streaming for fast large language model serving,
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cd4f0e96-b6b5-4ba1-aa84-3a8179b0922f · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Adainf: Data drift adaptive scheduling for accurate and slo-guaranteed multiple-model inference serving at edge servers,
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4fe8b1ef-c62d-48d2-8650-553ec3a0855d · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Edgeshard: Efficient llm inference via collaborative edge computing,
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9c7e2b42-09b1-4672-8340-663fd9cfb39d · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Split computing and early exiting for deep learning applications: Survey and research challenges,
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c50d12ed-c54a-421a-9e63-e26fc72b7154 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Dis- tributed inference acceleration with adaptive dnn partitioning and of- floading,
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e66fac22-0b0a-440f-a0d2-c7a7eeb044e9 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks Mandheling: Mixed-precision on-device dnn training with dsp offloading,
Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3cc82a1b-c19a-45d0-89b6-ae7e0ea360c1 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks InstInfer: In-Storage Attention Offloading for Cost-Effective Long-Context LLM Inference
Reference 71
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9e56c931-8188-465b-b194-e9f95a871d55 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks 2214–2218
Reference 2012
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 0b2908a0-dcd3-44e7-8f4b-0bc1549d2200 · outbound
Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networks He was a Visiting Researcher with the School of Com- puting and Communications at Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK from 2018 to 2019
Reference 2014
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.