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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.01133.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.01133 v1

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.650061Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:19.199833Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.785586Z

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f91442a7-2fc5-4d1a-b385-d937125a5a34 · outbound

This paper cites Among these, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emer- gent capabilities once thought to require human intelligence.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Among these, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emer- gent capabilities once thought to require human intelligence

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Observation ff3e0a17-38ff-4eb3-88ca-76261b5660ad · outbound

This paper cites From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models

Reference 2

Resolution
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Observation ee33b07d-9131-4069-a6d5-f7c695aeb71a · outbound

This paper cites We investigate both unimodal and multimodal models, focusing on HuBERT, BERT, Seamless M4T, and SpeechT5.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models We investigate both unimodal and multimodal models, focusing on HuBERT, BERT, Seamless M4T, and SpeechT5

Reference 3

Resolution
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Observation c5de2cd0-74f2-400a-94cc-e59b14b90cd6 · outbound

This paper cites w_1", "w_2.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models w_1", "w_2

Reference 4

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 6c2ac4f5-3bf7-4b3e-9044-572dd89044ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cf97432e-1b33-4b8e-8820-c6950a0eac18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4aa22244-a4b7-4eb8-a778-35ff77b33a6b · outbound

This paper cites Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4,

Reference 7

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 651a6269-6e48-46a1-b3f1-48a56e9347e9 · outbound

This paper cites Holistic Evaluation of Language Models.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Holistic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ffb8be02-a770-43d3-bfa3-2b9563656d3c · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 3ec040d0-97c7-4bd1-87e6-6d063b702c32 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-Audio Technical Report.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Qwen2-Audio Technical Report

Reference 10

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 6a2b2aea-b7d0-4516-80ab-a56c46060c39 · outbound

This paper cites HumanOmni: A Large Vision-Speech Language Model for Human-Centric Video Understanding.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models HumanOmni: A Large Vision-Speech Language Model for Human-Centric Video Understanding

Reference 11

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3e4f3261-254a-4e83-90a7-ff72616d9a5f · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt makes medicine easy to swallow: An exploratory case study on simplified radiology reports,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Chatgpt makes medicine easy to swallow: An exploratory case study on simplified radiology reports,

Reference 12

Resolution
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Observation 3574e071-210c-4673-b75e-8b7572492bea · outbound

This paper cites Where do you know what you know? the representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Where do you know what you know? the representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain,

Reference 13

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a86651e7-ab95-439e-800f-460cfb06a8a5 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering latent concepts learned in BERT,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Discovering latent concepts learned in BERT,

Reference 14

Resolution
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Observation 44907d11-e6c7-4baa-aaa6-ef31c6a3d378 · outbound

This paper cites Asking without telling: Exploring latent ontologies in contextual representations,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Asking without telling: Exploring latent ontologies in contextual representations,

Reference 15

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 6f34368a-90b5-40ea-8d8d-3fa1d0b611fd · outbound

This paper cites Acoustic word embeddings for untranscribed target languages with con- tinued pretraining and learned pooling,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Acoustic word embeddings for untranscribed target languages with con- tinued pretraining and learned pooling,

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation aa5e3386-fc3c-4045-9202-201ae47d99cd · outbound

This paper cites Scaling up discovery of latent concepts in deep NLP models,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Scaling up discovery of latent concepts in deep NLP models,

Reference 17

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a3c011e6-a16b-45fa-b5a7-befe2d8c2545 · outbound

This paper cites Hubert: Self-supervised speech represen- tation learning by masked prediction of hidden units,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Hubert: Self-supervised speech represen- tation learning by masked prediction of hidden units,

Reference 18

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 35bc41e9-76a6-460a-8124-d4965bf872a8 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre- training of deep bidirectional transformers for language under- standing,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models BERT: Pre- training of deep bidirectional transformers for language under- standing,

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation f36093cf-aaf2-4d97-8f30-30cb5b92a0bd · outbound

This paper cites Seamlessm4t: Massively multilingual & multimodal machine translation,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Seamlessm4t: Massively multilingual & multimodal machine translation,

Reference 20

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b0a1f3d9-fad8-4b71-a9e0-6d1850727749 · outbound

This paper cites Speecht5: Unified-modal encoder-decoder pre-training for spoken language processing,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Speecht5: Unified-modal encoder-decoder pre-training for spoken language processing,

Reference 21

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 84a95c81-3ccd-49b1-b5dd-80f99f94c64c · outbound

This paper cites Building a large annotated corpus of English: The Penn Treebank,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Building a large annotated corpus of English: The Penn Treebank,

Reference 22

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 72ea7388-dbe1-4226-ad6e-505cc74dd8f8 · outbound

This paper cites Introduction to the CoNLL-2000 shared task chunking,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Introduction to the CoNLL-2000 shared task chunking,

Reference 23

Resolution
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Observation 65fe5955-f0a3-4a0e-bead-19a0c8e8f193 · outbound

This paper cites The parallel meaning bank: Towards a multilingual corpus of translations annotated with compositional meaning representations,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models The parallel meaning bank: Towards a multilingual corpus of translations annotated with compositional meaning representations,

Reference 24

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 48838c32-24d8-49da-9671-d6067eed0145 · outbound

This paper cites Recursive deep models for semantic composition- ality over a sentiment treebank,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Recursive deep models for semantic composition- ality over a sentiment treebank,

Reference 25

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 39df574d-4f0a-44ee-b939-f568c7052dda · outbound

This paper cites Lib- rispeech: an asr corpus based on public domain audio books,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Lib- rispeech: an asr corpus based on public domain audio books,

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 11f5eb42-d58e-4a24-8e3d-ca9970609204 · outbound

This paper cites Neurox library for neuron analysis of deep nlp models,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Neurox library for neuron analysis of deep nlp models,

Reference 27

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 73060970-d9a3-4e2b-885f-5e320325eee1 · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natu- ral language understanding,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natu- ral language understanding,

Reference 28

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation d2920b16-2a6f-4d31-834b-3fb5bdefb8ad · outbound

This paper cites Slue: New benchmark tasks for spoken language un- derstanding evaluation on natural speech,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Slue: New benchmark tasks for spoken language un- derstanding evaluation on natural speech,

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation ac83e39d-75aa-4ef6-97c7-80cb5b2c59e5 · outbound

This paper cites What happens to BERT embeddings during fine-tuning?.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models What happens to BERT embeddings during fine-tuning?

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 6090745c-e516-4c2b-a6e9-453992f95786 · outbound

This paper cites How transfer learning im- pacts linguistic knowledge in deep NLP models?.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models How transfer learning im- pacts linguistic knowledge in deep NLP models?

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation d3dc4dd2-ab98-4647-bcd3-5cfae5b2c37f · outbound

This paper cites Can llms facilitate interpreta- tion of pre-trained language models?.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Can llms facilitate interpreta- tion of pre-trained language models?

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation f5b409b9-6284-47d6-b3d6-878277338d5f · outbound

This paper cites BERT rediscovers the classical NLP pipeline,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models BERT rediscovers the classical NLP pipeline,

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:24.070758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation a65b4149-1d0c-4d98-9efe-7f5f18e107ab · outbound

This paper cites What does BERT learn about the structure of language?.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models What does BERT learn about the structure of language?

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:24.011714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:22.985895Z digest=sha256:127ae2f05bdf50cabc969b62ff97188aeb2a2c913e85be1d25c07d2a8d2a7878

Observation 73408024-63ad-495f-8261-0888a46c1b69 · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing encoded concepts in transformer language models,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Analyzing encoded concepts in transformer language models,

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.972262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.128424Z digest=sha256:2e2ce5267c34e2b58989dd25c6dfdadbb31e963cf11075f9d552eaa1b399a2b2

Observation 3356eaba-96e3-4302-bdae-defe96c35ce3 · outbound

This paper cites On the transforma- tion of latent space in fine-tuned nlp models,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models On the transforma- tion of latent space in fine-tuned nlp models,

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.949963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.299027Z digest=sha256:24c68f0d727dfadeb2b02e801f1bf932a4a4b4abab57abdf6b2a042ac1fef8d5

Observation 0d17e645-988c-4a2c-a0e5-06eb3ed94018 · outbound

This paper cites What do end-to- end speech models learn about speaker, language and channel information? a layer-wise and neuron-level analysis,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models What do end-to- end speech models learn about speaker, language and channel information? a layer-wise and neuron-level analysis,

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.925647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.462634Z digest=sha256:2b6a53e9c190a30f2d997fa0e6e266c5217cf1e9579c7f90d1efafb556ab8385

Observation 40d3f00f-dc15-40de-ae50-6e4e6fbd9f3a · outbound

This paper cites What Do Speech Foundation Models Not Learn About Speech?.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models What Do Speech Foundation Models Not Learn About Speech?

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.570722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.570722Z digest=sha256:209dc88d9be85e704dfdf113016552bea3627560af08d84003f7caa09b23e9e4

Observation 34c39925-c4be-49bc-8347-d83e20ee6de7 · outbound

This paper cites Speech representation analysis based on inter-and intra-model similarities,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Speech representation analysis based on inter-and intra-model similarities,

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.905500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.604673Z digest=sha256:1475f1a13d1b7cff34807a169fc06b699a688efb3c6db5a55fa8d8a4ac298c5b

Observation e58d2662-778b-4273-8f04-8fe485227484 · outbound

This paper cites How do Multimodal Foundation Models Encode Text and Speech? An Analysis of Cross-Lingual and Cross-Modal Representations.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models How do Multimodal Foundation Models Encode Text and Speech? An Analysis of Cross-Lingual and Cross-Modal Representations

Reference 40

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.714795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.610131Z digest=sha256:80fd5297ba5e30eae4336bf05f4d6a398388e335951fc4022d0ee9da19f74c69

Observation 9df1dfe6-f19e-459b-bb87-64ea8f1580c0 · outbound

This paper cites Human-like linguistic biases in neural speech models: Phonetic categorization and phonotactic constraints in wav2vec2. 0,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Human-like linguistic biases in neural speech models: Phonetic categorization and phonotactic constraints in wav2vec2. 0,

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.885809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.615950Z digest=sha256:22b2b169e0d88bde097b91840634dfe0344003f9b7adb1e1cffcf3a6a30ad971

Observation 37ba5095-d0ca-4102-970f-e089cc26f7a4 · outbound

This paper cites Probing self- supervised speech models for phonetic and phonemic informa- tion: A case study in aspiration,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Probing self- supervised speech models for phonetic and phonemic informa- tion: A case study in aspiration,

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.864140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.622252Z digest=sha256:a3fc2aaef2771b6ea9beaacd35e1921ed576d586bace80c3ee80a60322254765

Observation 32d511d8-d2e6-4675-82d4-02a10a2f1c09 · outbound

This paper cites SD-HuBERT: Sentence-level self-distillation in- duces syllabic organization in hubert,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models SD-HuBERT: Sentence-level self-distillation in- duces syllabic organization in hubert,

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.846073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.628319Z digest=sha256:bbfea074ce38cdfbd895c93821052b5bf8178286aafe78806261083223ecc5c3

Observation 38591ffb-30bf-4189-9955-b7b6a7490ecf · outbound

This paper cites Phonetic analysis of self- supervised representations of english speech,.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Phonetic analysis of self- supervised representations of english speech,

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.826922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.635644Z digest=sha256:571a7a8f5fab6dfa5e1b7cf95dd9cbd6ec22f016190ae267c5ac0ed6285e0504

Observation 1bf89544-a4f6-4900-a853-94601fe19a48 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Supervised Speech Representations are More Phonetic than Semantic.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models Self-Supervised Speech Representations are More Phonetic than Semantic

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.641312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.641312Z digest=sha256:781f1e70175ca9896b7d40879b78cb3d06ed728d990823bc96e5c009aa3c40b2

Observation 356262e0-6cb6-4e78-a682-b65595758218 · outbound

This paper cites What do self- supervised speech models know about words?.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models What do self- supervised speech models know about words?

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.809257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:23.650061Z digest=sha256:87e6d01a79df48f9153247aa35170c4ab76d0120856df276e0445457a7139dd9

Pith citing papers

Observation ff3e0a17-38ff-4eb3-88ca-76261b5660ad · inbound

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models cites this paper.

From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models From Words to Waves: Analyzing Concept Formation in Speech and Text-Based Foundation Models

Reference 2

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:23.792506Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:55:19.199833Z digest=sha256:16c5b3316e7bba565c4823d3b3f83bcebe9316d44c8da037506ab0d6d81bd933