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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.15398.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.15398 v2

Coverage vector

measured 21 of 21 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.081006Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

21 of 21 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact9
  • verified fuzzy1
  • unresolved11
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6902f5ab-b99b-400a-b957-9f5fc5347608 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.555908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:25.983750Z digest=sha256:64633fe3e5c62c04d61f30871684b5b7364c23f6b7234f51764ff53f1d41363a

Observation 3655a870-39ba-420a-8d1d-c92529b69cc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.235195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:25.989616Z digest=sha256:8aae150207e5ac54b40ba0c0cd07d6a9e36c2477b4d74d18733b8666c47c3b3f

Observation cc0d91be-97d2-42a1-bc64-64280e1060c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:25.994370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:25.994370Z digest=sha256:c9cac9c39b9ec71382c6a3a431cf3a78e0f195e332de9356be62b3709855b60b

Observation fca0cd73-0d71-40d5-887e-31e908f04df7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.541977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:25.998853Z digest=sha256:bed088e76e34f80019d44f9cc238dd433b93a538baabcc97ddc82b50c2cf4485

Observation d043cf18-8c2e-47c2-8036-f476d0e49e51 · outbound

This paper cites Mazess, and Linda L.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Mazess, and Linda L

Reference 5

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.212832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.004541Z digest=sha256:a3a1c1f63eca7bc13a508d2d93eccdde9ba42075226dda05ec95cfa96a3084d5

Observation 4c87577f-77d2-4532-9d4e-c70a306a5960 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.200813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.010152Z digest=sha256:fc1c30e316a77bb85e8561af545091157cb0c38833757e4d0dd0c25b10004ca3

Observation 0e0acb9e-7255-4553-af0f-d6a399523a2b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.526017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.015034Z digest=sha256:114bf327d69c96ec9d904bfa47b7359b52b0e2a688d2aa07dddd9cb5b89a4dc3

Observation 0bb97ab0-b08e-4ed0-b9d3-594b83e73bfc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.507357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.019291Z digest=sha256:e49c27b326b7b348a44b0e570b1c209f2bcaae4d1a6dbf3d0f63ccbf4722517f

Observation 01249758-36b1-4c97-adb3-e4d2823f36a4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.489886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.023889Z digest=sha256:a8c484d7fda313bcd69646010279d8c92847a00bbd9cc3984d68352fad174510

Observation cce1acc2-a602-4410-9731-4fa479015edc · outbound

This paper cites Mackay, Frederick Ho, Carlos A.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Mackay, Frederick Ho, Carlos A

Reference 10

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.188124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

correction dated 2020-07-23. Source: crossref record 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.021->10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.050:correction, observed 2026-07-11T03:16:15.005378+00:00. This notice travels one citation hop only.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.028907Z digest=sha256:a079ad630c72c64d95b16418bf39000ba4356fec769c6454fdea990e188bccbc

Observation 6458fc1b-84ab-4798-98a4-903e9ef3dfba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.033699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.033699Z digest=sha256:d21bbafeb830bb898b25a21dab14ff8798bfbba23f123245ccee1f89ae6b9ed6

Observation 98f0bcee-b7c2-433b-a9e6-37cd191882b1 · outbound

This paper cites M., and D.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses M., and D

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.473216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.037901Z digest=sha256:7083079e3ef57dcdaa88f7835a1a165384b3865c37aa0f954ea1100555d345ae

Observation cd394353-0c9e-4c68-94d4-e552c10a1874 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.453475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.043192Z digest=sha256:cdf3e49986b62673d35c8b2cad39a0b83b008086d473e0d848c80110b0c0a522

Observation edb88ccd-4c1b-4b1e-8db1-e79b4a2274fc · outbound

This paper cites Sneve, M.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Sneve, M

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.166190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.047536Z digest=sha256:9d516e7d33c7185682d2d032e0154348e5406b21600a5e61aed52e15cc995982

Observation d88529dd-47c0-442b-a95a-6450beef369e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.151265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.051475Z digest=sha256:c43ea30c8e366ec6724b475f49e447a92676dce8647d4e6728d33851243c3769

Observation be11ba4b-3181-40fc-b511-e9812d0e63dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.406782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.055435Z digest=sha256:ffc4d0b8bdcc0efee3bff99bf54fb5453bc0e851653a6e4fdef56938ebafee0f

Observation 7c1e150e-793b-4441-a830-2fb5decc1a9c · outbound

This paper cites Hovey, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Christopher A.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Hovey, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Christopher A

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.136862Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.060786Z digest=sha256:6056d180c8b5dc0c590224fab9a081a75ad038c7120ca3d7083fe9bc6b1a56fd

Observation b9ea2383-e6a0-48e7-bcbe-7066072b0280 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.066868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.066868Z digest=sha256:7dc4d2db7284811ef70696e0e14daa55de0559d85456f2a0384bc00fe50de9b8

Observation fd347e34-24e3-488d-adb1-b73154835e65 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.439920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.072227Z digest=sha256:c89cbb6b2d8dd8d9df230b028bfafbd2efa42b3af90def8119a15f7a5132283d

Observation aa5db804-eb9a-469b-86f4-1622be9395a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.423518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.076426Z digest=sha256:1871593c5f9ef9414a0c1d85f70c9bd8d90dcd933a002f22ca40b53cd3fcf23c

Observation 0c97a5ed-e849-4eaa-88d9-fff11b7ac39e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The ultimate issue error in scientific inference: mistaking parameters for hypotheses Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T14:25:26.322128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-12T14:25:26.081006Z digest=sha256:c04eae8d9bb46782cffc5c4343c181e249e5a0f544a165fcfc648f79019e09cd

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.