Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 41 of 41 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.18440.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.18440 v2

Coverage vector

measured 41 of 41 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.102978Z

measured 41 of 41 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

41 of 41 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy2
unresolved39
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4a114a59-b3e6-49fe-b61d-f058ef6033ac · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.280518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb07fd22-95d1-477b-a85b-fc16005e5e05 · outbound

This paper cites L1: Controlling How Long A Reasoning Model Thinks With Reinforcement Learning.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models L1: Controlling How Long A Reasoning Model Thinks With Reinforcement Learning

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.347260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b08ecc7-8ee3-4a7b-831c-5eeab6c4aae9 · outbound

This paper cites Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.411664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c71921da-2b96-4b9c-9b4b-ad07d35a02ab · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.512683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44b9a2f3-6208-42bf-b982-edeab24d9410 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.562607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 619ed051-a114-44d8-8ad8-820d591f97b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:47.372252Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 20356fa2-4e1c-47a6-a7c9-a5aa0f9d56a1 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.690228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd22b086-98c1-48f1-a84f-6057f7ca93a9 · outbound

This paper cites Token-Budget-Aware LLM Reasoning.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Token-Budget-Aware LLM Reasoning

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.762572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d03505e7-e8a3-4dde-b221-2e152a1ba6e7 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.835554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7fe6e519-a497-4ae2-a5d8-9e0f31bcaa7c · outbound

This paper cites Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.870873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ad19a62-0255-40a4-a82b-d67a93c1cca5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:43.991652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9fada9c5-399f-4d01-8282-a8ec5740b0db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.065759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ff81f35-0622-4328-adfe-22ca7d7191ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.145744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 150ff7bf-0c14-467c-9c97-f6a70d1f204c · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.250403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b3baf7f5-64d1-4219-84c9-eac5b171370c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:47.280623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 26be9375-9d1f-45cb-b5d2-b03ac6ecfa10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.363138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5891998a-ec5f-4b8a-8eee-d6e588e5f1e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.431628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cb01598-b305-4518-a151-da600572cce2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:47.152185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation efecde4f-3bcc-47c0-95b9-214a36b08dda · outbound

This paper cites Self-Training Elicits Concise Reasoning in Large Language Models.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Self-Training Elicits Concise Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.533614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc4c9f63-6ea9-4840-ad8f-86e120bf7afa · outbound

This paper cites Concise Thoughts: Impact of Output Length on LLM Reasoning and Cost.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Concise Thoughts: Impact of Output Length on LLM Reasoning and Cost

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.563203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef273979-6e5d-4689-8ec5-87753baf4c35 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:47.048072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation be5c3f4c-cf0c-4d44-bdaf-dd23571bf3fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.684869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 52929b51-a9aa-42c9-bdeb-bcba776bbffc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.758278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ca8f355-5074-4941-8483-1a650bbf9464 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.810762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b61cfea-577d-4614-be4b-80a52045e480 · outbound

This paper cites Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.864566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba3b7d7e-6364-46b1-b08f-5ce3c0b1f6ea · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.891371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a7670d48-2c4f-46a4-87b6-be6d9e661ea5 · outbound

This paper cites Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:44.973502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6137c5b-1c22-4737-8d9d-f6299266c412 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.051235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4fb1b51a-4b0c-4ca3-b66e-e515fcaaa0bc · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.943989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e44a7c1f-8248-4fb2-a835-b32834b8fee0 · outbound

This paper cites Democratizing Reasoning Ability: Tailored Learning from Large Language Model.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Democratizing Reasoning Ability: Tailored Learning from Large Language Model

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.213947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d7ab2763-3107-4352-a7cd-dc63418bccdd · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Oriol Vinyals, Percy Liang, Jeff Dean, and William Fedus.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Chi, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Oriol Vinyals, Percy Liang, Jeff Dean, and William Fedus

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.305377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2075306a-548d-4a97-a12e-4c4202cdc891 · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Quoc V.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Chi, Quoc V

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.834948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d506d928-30c6-4e4b-8095-0de765039ada · outbound

This paper cites Effectively Controlling Reasoning Models through Thinking Intervention.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Effectively Controlling Reasoning Models through Thinking Intervention

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.497215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75ee1418-43e4-4d67-9a1c-fe532a8df298 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.612643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0ad61b6a-5a1b-4ab6-b7b8-22119409dd0a · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models A Survey on Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.740110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0fecdad6-6199-4cdb-b8a2-ff7c54a476f7 · outbound

This paper cites Think When You Need: Self-Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Learning.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Think When You Need: Self-Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Learning

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.814024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc0f2846-e5a4-47e2-9ffb-19a6b7616fa2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.730542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 063b4c10-a469-440b-8d68-ee72d56fe18a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:45.916451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c6c53d32-7b05-4b69-9458-6615365062ba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.560325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6dc1441c-1806-4618-b9e4-cb632e2da625 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.017292Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4cfad079-15db-4fb5-9ea8-0a2bded550f7 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Efficient Long CoT Reasoning in Small Language Models write newline

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:46.102978Z

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Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.