Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can linguists better understand DNA?

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.07678.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.07678 v3

Coverage vector

measured 34 of 34 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.092523Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T16:17:22.376153Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-08T16:17:55.360264Z

Reference resolution

34 of 34 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy8
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ca1f73c7-e049-4098-83cf-4468f835c310 · outbound

This paper cites  The input format was sequence1 + sequence2, and the output was the corresponding label.

Can linguists better understand DNA?  The input format was sequence1 + sequence2, and the output was the corresponding label

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.777528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 989216db-411d-40be-af4d-f95c7a8df89d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.759470Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 3f714e39-331e-4c90-88f6-03520bebcc98 · outbound

This paper cites Tokenizer Considerations Given the importance of tokenization in language capability transfer, we ensured consistency by using:  GPT2 Models: Utilized the BPE tokenizer.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Tokenizer Considerations Given the importance of tokenization in language capability transfer, we ensured consistency by using:  GPT2 Models: Utilized the BPE tokenizer

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.736706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 247f9c51-c2be-4f90-a2ed-83c553336943 · outbound

This paper cites The input is specific words, and we use the last hidden layer of the GPT-2 network, applying average pooling to obtain a vector representation for each word.

Can linguists better understand DNA? The input is specific words, and we use the last hidden layer of the GPT-2 network, applying average pooling to obtain a vector representation for each word

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.717133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 7ecfddef-634e-4cae-8916-cbc324dd0923 · outbound

This paper cites closeness.

Can linguists better understand DNA? closeness

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.699287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 73eb2039-144c-443c-9a0a-df269171bb1e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.676235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 6dd3efd9-57f2-4da1-9809-1a8ff9d54e1c · outbound

This paper cites For example, this study used the PAWS-X text similarity dataset as a basis to construct a biological sequence similarity pair dataset.

Can linguists better understand DNA? For example, this study used the PAWS-X text similarity dataset as a basis to construct a biological sequence similarity pair dataset

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.654420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 1a153c60-176e-418a-8753-6f6c2f4275a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.631029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 5baef403-94ef-4a3a-9fd2-1d8406717efc · outbound

This paper cites foundational multimodal model.

Can linguists better understand DNA? foundational multimodal model

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.612736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation fbdd3e63-72e4-4ddc-9581-50a5b24f3aab · outbound

This paper cites This step explores whether the summarization capability can be effectively transferred from natural language to biological sequences.

Can linguists better understand DNA? This step explores whether the summarization capability can be effectively transferred from natural language to biological sequences

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.594385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation a5ae18cd-1cae-44d0-bcda-2e0b19c23faf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.571597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 7eabd4f8-eace-4b4b-9345-aa20b2f3fab6 · outbound

This paper cites Zhou, et al., Dnabert-2: Efficient foundation model and benchmark for multi-species.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Zhou, et al., Dnabert-2: Efficient foundation model and benchmark for multi-species

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.553558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 17ce30a7-0ab6-40a5-bd80-e4baf7767b93 · outbound

This paper cites DNABERT-2: Efficient Foundation Model and Benchmark For Multi-Species Genome.

Can linguists better understand DNA? DNABERT-2: Efficient Foundation Model and Benchmark For Multi-Species Genome

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.900993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9a8fcef3-b541-42f7-a141-d942ab1d5923 · outbound

This paper cites Nguyen, et al., Hyenadna: Long-range genomic sequence modeling at single nucleotide resolution, Advances in neural information processing systems 36 (2024).

Can linguists better understand DNA? Nguyen, et al., Hyenadna: Long-range genomic sequence modeling at single nucleotide resolution, Advances in neural information processing systems 36 (2024)

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.906440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8f171c8-cb07-4078-9bb5-8aa9a559caaf · outbound

This paper cites Yang, et al., scbert as a large-scale pretrained deep language model for cell type annotation of single-cell rna-seq data, Nature Machine Intelligence 4, 852–866 (2022).

Can linguists better understand DNA? Yang, et al., scbert as a large-scale pretrained deep language model for cell type annotation of single-cell rna-seq data, Nature Machine Intelligence 4, 852–866 (2022)

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.914156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 515ad328-ed26-41a8-a8cb-13631d4ff949 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.919472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b19a1076-0569-4fa1-83cc-a41c60381482 · outbound

This paper cites Brandes, D.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Brandes, D

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.924987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa4be9c4-661b-429d-b2ca-aaa9af8cdd63 · outbound

This paper cites Lin, et al., Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model, Science 379, 1123–1130 (2023).

Can linguists better understand DNA? Lin, et al., Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model, Science 379, 1123–1130 (2023)

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.945764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a4be97b-e391-4486-be95-9d2ed61c89e3 · outbound

This paper cites & Davuluri, R.

Can linguists better understand DNA? & Davuluri, R

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.963183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c53eb36e-7afb-4705-aaa1-a64a1d06e998 · outbound

This paper cites doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.12.544594.

Can linguists better understand DNA? doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.12.544594

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.969907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d600ec2-623d-4ef9-b07a-772b90391b93 · outbound

This paper cites BioRxiv 2023.07.11.548628; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.11.548628.

Can linguists better understand DNA? BioRxiv 2023.07.11.548628; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.11.548628

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.975678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c007108-8a53-44b0-aa65-cb6ff7d69c38 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.986215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9874462-ed61-4474-9ff2-445ffd8885f3 · outbound

This paper cites & Gao, G.

Can linguists better understand DNA? & Gao, G

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:03.990922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0a894c6-cd31-4e5d-bccb-d97429177511 · outbound

This paper cites Language Versatilists vs. Specialists: An Empirical Revisiting on Multilingual Transfer Ability.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Language Versatilists vs. Specialists: An Empirical Revisiting on Multilingual Transfer Ability

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.007417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 028cca4b-710f-4690-9720-59a8a13da5d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.012418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 49056a99-540a-461c-8b1c-d2cdc41993cf · outbound

This paper cites Genomic Language Models: Opportunities and Challenges.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Genomic Language Models: Opportunities and Challenges

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.017223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3601686b-f047-4c66-b45d-83331eda8a10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.039558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd9fb7a1-e72f-449c-94d3-8cbb175877b3 · outbound

This paper cites XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual Generalization.

Can linguists better understand DNA? XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual Generalization

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.043604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52f1c211-9b6b-4b7b-a87f-6da589169431 · outbound

This paper cites BioRxiv 2024.07.01.600583; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.600583.

Can linguists better understand DNA? BioRxiv 2024.07.01.600583; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.600583

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.053182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation edb1114e-364d-4dfd-a5c7-f4a68bc9bba2 · outbound

This paper cites LucaOne: Generalized Biological Foundation Model with Unified Nucleic Acid and Protein Language.

Can linguists better understand DNA? LucaOne: Generalized Biological Foundation Model with Unified Nucleic Acid and Protein Language

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.058985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4db61821-8900-4406-bb33-ecd4e5cdb125 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.068523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cec7269c-ca39-4e9a-94b1-2585697f9d0a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.077836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a521c05-4464-4376-b38e-54c687299256 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.087581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08be97de-6730-4bb8-91df-1360c672024a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can linguists better understand DNA? Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:39:04.392663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation bc2e865f-82d8-477a-9e16-a44e032e723f · inbound

Human Genome Book: Words, Sentences and Paragraphs cites this paper.

Human Genome Book: Words, Sentences and Paragraphs Can linguists better understand DNA?

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T16:17:22.376153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ca50d05-9e2c-41c6-b462-6b431eeade95 · inbound

Find Central Dogma Again: Leveraging Multilingual Transfer in Large Language Models cites this paper.

Find Central Dogma Again: Leveraging Multilingual Transfer in Large Language Models Can linguists better understand DNA?

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T16:17:55.364782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.