Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T19:40:27.114429Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 73 of 73 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.16117.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T19:40:27.114429Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-14T06:06:45.258408Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
73 of 73 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 9ccad8e4-face-4bb8-9245-12f0e9690baf · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Formation of Trapped Surfaces from Past Null Infinity
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 583c73e2-5ee4-4c7a-9650-1bc7d0d69647 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data An, A Scale-Critical Trapped Surface Formation Criterion: A New Proof Via Signature for Decay Rates, Ann
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b8280e5a-39b5-4756-9faa-150546ec535b · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data An,Naked singularity censoring with anisotropic apparent horizon, To appear in Ann
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e7050b34-6dff-4b17-88af-2d72b199deb9 · outbound
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a53f7273-15a9-4f51-a14a-b489d62968de · outbound
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ffd436aa-28db-4733-8bf0-119caa001eab · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Anderson, J
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7e56991a-7e76-4e6f-aa40-1559bc6d2c52 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Aretakis, The characteristic gluing problem and conservation laws for the wave equation on null hypersurfaces, Ann
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 948b9df6-e319-4462-9e59-d305c4e16e16 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Aretakis, On a foliation-covariant elliptic operator on null hypersurfaces, Int
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 2650b62b-5d09-43dc-9aa3-1efff9a85e93 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Aretakis, S Czimek and I Rodnianski,Characteristic gluing to the Kerr family and application to spacelike gluing, Commun
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 00a6017c-c813-48b9-8e78-bd90bc79441e · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Aretakis, S
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d818ad4c-1621-4b00-a6f7-5d78adc148d0 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Aretakis, S
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation de0a8115-5413-43a6-8695-c9c66f2c3bad · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Formation of trapped surfaces in the Einstein-Yang-Mills system
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8c5079d6-7005-419b-b495-f7f5edcd33a8 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data 39, 661–693, 1986
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8fe2d8ce-bcf0-4be6-8cd7-af49ffb4a7d3 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Bieri, An extension of the stability theorem of the Minkowski space in general relativity, J
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 59b086cc-3081-4c2f-9bf3-91ba06f958df · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Brill and R
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation dee9f1f1-3429-4972-a73c-add8824702cf · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c6960b39-1901-453b-afef-7e56d9f3e405 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Corvino,Scalar curvature deformation and a gluing construction for the Einstein constraint equations, Commun
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1088544f-ad10-408e-8a0a-96f88f2190d9 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Carlotto and R
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0db644e5-459b-489d-a70a-335e11938c54 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Corvino and R
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 34a07d8d-9468-457d-84d9-b105e4db5410 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Formation of Trapped Surfaces in Geodesic Foliation
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 203036c4-70c2-4594-9ea7-25af09b02b28 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Choquet-Bruhat, Théorème d’existence pour certains systèmes d’équations aux dérivèes partielles non linéaires, Acta Math.88, 141–225, 1952
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e41ea924-b64f-4898-a2ce-05657250765f · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Choquet-Bruhat and R
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 498c49bf-0a37-43ed-aead-5b6f0e08b655 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Christodoulou,On the global initial value problem and the issue of singularities, Class
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 72c6a349-d198-49ee-93fc-f857dcc8ef63 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Christodoulou,The formation of Black Holes in General Relativity, EMS Mono- graphs in Mathematics, 2009
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c4280d1c-fbf1-4f80-b3c5-320c49254f13 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Christodoulou and S
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 348fe092-e137-4d7f-9510-5844df5288be · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 74b493bd-6def-4cf1-b207-99872eaf10c9 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Obstruction-free gluing for the Einstein equations
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c24e58d0-1451-43fc-81bb-d6e7ca2c3da4 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Dafermos and I
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c445fd3f-84da-4727-95e6-4cfe8332e020 · outbound
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 644c5c8c-5bdc-4d41-8e76-64356d855bfd · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Initial data for Minkowski stability with arbitrary decay
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d6f1173d-e3b6-473f-ac22-54341796ca5c · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Spacelike initial data for black hole stability
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a762f8c2-36e0-421f-94e1-4ee7d245dd9e · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Global nonlinear stability of Minkowski space for spacelike-characteristic initial data
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4e974379-f2b6-4819-99c6-5663fbd63d83 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Hintz,Exterior stability of Minkowski space in generalized harmonic gauge, Arch
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a21585ff-c2b7-4d3c-9684-109016782634 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Hintz,Gluing small black holes into initial data sets, Commun
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bd9739c0-229b-42d4-a92a-c0bb60994f7c · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Dynamic Handover: Throw and Catch with Bimanual Hands
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 897d0a5f-f641-49eb-9e05-ad64ade78258 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Parameter-free Maximum Likelihood Localization of a Network of Moving Agents from Ranges, Bearings and Velocity measurements
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 245cd83a-9da5-4dce-a57e-35c98f73c83f · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Gluing small black holes along timelike geodesics II: uniform analysis on glued spacetimes
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 49325c4b-3b66-411d-a826-1a6965cb9c9b · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Gluing small black holes along timelike geodesics III: construction of true solutions and extreme mass ratio mergers
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d55526a1-9fa2-4617-9e6c-a4262caa1a3b · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Hintz and A
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f656944a-fba0-401b-b245-e129a7df5b3c · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Hirsch, D
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f64ac624-0ac1-4087-8fe0-bd209b73a96b · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Ultimately Schwarzschildean Spacetimes and the Black Hole Stability Problem
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 552d582e-b533-4f10-ab65-eb7e1c4d7cd3 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Huneau, Stability of Minkowski spacetime with a translation space-like Killing field, Ann
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4f8449f3-e46a-428c-8709-c3f1d2b59899 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Isenberg,Constant mean curvature solutions of the Einstein constraint equations on closed manifolds, Class
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 8dfba72d-bcd4-46f9-b62e-46331b88b640 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Kehle and R
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e3122cf6-7a72-4538-ba85-477ede9323ce · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Klainerman, The black hole stability problem, C
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 59b78993-2409-4ac8-a21c-58629717d10b · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Klainerman, J
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 48dbf87f-7488-48a0-8999-574aefb948e0 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Klainerman and F
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 76d70497-b03c-42b3-b732-d2be0597abbe · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Klainerman and I
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 28a90d05-09f0-49d4-9bc1-0d430cccc95a · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Lichnerowicz,L’intégration des équations de la gravitation relativiste et le prob- lème desn corps, J
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5e5124c7-81b2-4fff-9429-f9a77f0de91e · outbound
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation cfd02813-7c92-4edb-bb8b-17a728f4419a · outbound
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 57a43c1d-05e4-4807-89dd-a112a82368ab · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Lindblad and I
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 49c1a33b-0f5f-4567-bf93-47dbb9fd2660 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Lindblad and I
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 10e99e02-30df-44b9-817b-29df49d2b6df · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Luk,On the Local Existence for the Characteristic Initial Value Problem in Gen- eral Relativity, Int
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 175a7537-f524-4f0a-bab6-dbb164d502a1 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Luk and G
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0a732e50-f946-4ef3-b066-3dd1b3bef2a9 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Initial data gluing in the asymptotically flat regime via solution operators with prescribed support properties
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4ce2967d-c367-4479-809c-5bd38d8f36a1 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Localized initial data for Einstein equations
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9952b265-1f3d-4945-9770-7cf47573b846 · outbound
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation fcbd0caa-4472-48d5-8ffd-f82708de0092 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Penrose,Gravitational collapse and space-time singularities, Phys
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 18c82176-2823-4ca9-99b2-3c0fd34f9371 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Penrose,Gravitational collapse: The role of general relativity, Riv
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 01333a00-81a9-4666-9a2a-4ce7f49143a7 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 3382691f-4806-4117-9585-900c6c2bbc36 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 037d6061-1cae-4a92-95e8-ad11a2b9db4e · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Shen,Stability of Minkowski spacetime in exterior regions, Pure Appl
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 2ff919c1-3d07-496e-9267-8aa5adb047bb · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Shen,Kerr stability in external regions, Ann
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 604971d7-cb74-4c0c-b0ad-ea55bebc22a3 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Global stability of Minkowski spacetime with minimal decay
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8b06a36a-644d-4910-ae98-3b0cbf208ba2 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Shen, Exterior stability of Minkowski spacetime with borderline decay , arXiv:2405.00735
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e4b72396-cd4a-4952-b4b7-08eefa335aaf · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Formation of trapped surfaces for the Einstein--Maxwell--charged scalar field system
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1899976c-d501-4c32-b8b1-5eb797431c13 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Smulevici,The stability of Minkowski space and its influence on the mathematical analysis of General Relativity, C
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a17740d8-11ee-4833-ac0e-a2778369d376 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Sormani and I
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a4869b35-69d3-492c-ae85-85074f942ef2 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Yau,Geometry of three manifolds and existence of black hole due to boundary effect, Adv
Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c36d981b-3b1c-4e7e-87d3-7faaab6daf95 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Yu,Energy estimates and gravitational collapse, Comm
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4028c9ee-63c1-4d32-95a0-1930d97648e0 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Dynamical formation of black holes due to the condensation of matter field
Reference 72
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 04fa1de0-f233-4be3-90ff-5a7ceefc08b1 · outbound
Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data Trapped surface formation for the Einstein-Scalar system
Reference 73
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cb353e5a-7f7d-4ab3-8f35-42773621fe84 · inbound
Formation of Trapped Surfaces from Spacelike Initial Data Formation of multiple Black Holes from Cauchy data
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.