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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 11 of 11 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.10519.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.10519 v2

Coverage vector

measured 11 of 11 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.548536Z

measured 12 of 12 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T17:56:12.601903Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-28T18:02:27.125176Z

Reference resolution

11 of 11 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy6
  • unresolved1
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 65dc309d-8795-4d09-abd0-f1fa4c95fadb · outbound

This paper cites partial interference,.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach partial interference,

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.690210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.548536Z digest=sha256:f84aebd77178f30c6300648ef7c493e6ed08faa28ea8eb6ba91e512333388203

Observation 0f9b52a3-1166-4768-bf23-60f8fe36c4e8 · outbound

This paper cites (10) 29 The Horvitz-Thompson estimator can be seen as a generalization of the sample mean.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach (10) 29 The Horvitz-Thompson estimator can be seen as a generalization of the sample mean

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.721167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.538596Z digest=sha256:d20dfe03ba2c1e0536d1d2bee335daed73074e541e2be70b6da91d11e7f535a6

Observation 8eb476ef-bbc7-4667-b57b-4cc5195d3f32 · outbound

This paper cites standard designs,.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach standard designs,

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.705190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.543654Z digest=sha256:a31bcdd069e120e2302c2bf1f2ac0e3c6e77e861d6328420cd3223b67e96b7fd

Observation f711091c-cc12-4f97-9e63-295931398a80 · outbound

This paper cites On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection

Reference 1934

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.737722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.529089Z digest=sha256:8cddbd49047b6f3ccfb70a3def2ce7e3c70af8364308891c23e2ab3a0ee2e18f

Observation 14ed6923-c87c-462c-8d20-b7e04510a191 · outbound

This paper cites Normal approximation under local dependence.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Normal approximation under local dependence

Reference 2004

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.751627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.508335Z digest=sha256:ed54d54402b3ee5f8161986f74db515c2d969e45281c343cd3a20a0069b04320

Observation afb8737c-a337-4540-bc85-a7d239c7e90e · outbound

This paper cites Design-based Estimation Theory for Complex Experiments.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Design-based Estimation Theory for Complex Experiments

Reference 2010

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.674952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.502606Z digest=sha256:a1a76fe24e028d07c6c636f4829ee1da46f7eafb1e1bd3eb1f19a6a0bc1347bf

Observation 30a30c2a-70b3-47c9-8ed2-7a28501eed05 · outbound

This paper cites Estimating average causal effects under general interference, with application to a social network experiment.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Estimating average causal effects under general interference, with application to a social network experiment

Reference 2017

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.765909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.497216Z digest=sha256:ec155597b169218c9743e66dc6ec9381706bc4694e1ff3958daff7b55a18bcab

Observation aed1023a-33ac-4df0-b48b-215c2ca937cd · outbound

This paper cites A Unified Theory of Regression Adjustment for Design-based Inference.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach A Unified Theory of Regression Adjustment for Design-based Inference

Reference 2018

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.631934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.518446Z digest=sha256:0444e85fab5a5faf4c1dd560f5ec1ea5929e0eb9589eb3ceec05d40107931b00

Observation 96d26e25-0a8d-4da3-ba83-39f0356d17ba · outbound

This paper cites Unifying Design-based Inference: A New Variance Estimation Principle.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Unifying Design-based Inference: A New Variance Estimation Principle

Reference 2021

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.609905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.523799Z digest=sha256:3c093580866b02c73d30e36dd8dd2737811a833bcf9e57f40e986120f0b51e4e

Observation 41e43598-9f3a-4216-bad2-08821b75b4ac · outbound

This paper cites Causal Inference in Longitudinal Data under Unknown Interference.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Causal Inference in Longitudinal Data under Unknown Interference

Reference 2023

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.533708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.533708Z digest=sha256:fa445d45d253c93c68a1c5c6813568fbe370994479e7ddb9384a324cd0e1cab2

Observation cf9fefd1-6e7a-46e9-b6c1-7215376c91bf · outbound

This paper cites Optimized variance estimation under interference and complex experimental designs.

On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach Optimized variance estimation under interference and complex experimental designs

Reference 2024

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T21:14:11.653341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:14:11.513131Z digest=sha256:007a29dde933de0077862206f2f4cd4c54fd0614d0928f141cf3ca3b1b09f4c9

Pith citing papers

Observation fea0b491-a898-489c-8832-21a4cea8d729 · inbound

Notes on Randomized Controlled Trials for Studying Social Media Harms cites this paper.

Notes on Randomized Controlled Trials for Studying Social Media Harms On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T18:02:27.126841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-06-28T17:56:12.601903Z digest=sha256:4dd00509854d6afff9b54fbe62a3e923d73efd68522ff0787ffa7028adbdda62