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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 50 of 50 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23561.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.23561 v1

Coverage vector

measured 50 of 50 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T10:05:10.309553Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T11:38:05.615659Z

Reference resolution

50 of 50 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved48
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7f0d3e58-9117-4832-aaf3-a44fbb47e16a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.602217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.693978Z digest=sha256:d8ac488a28f0d73bd960cd7df6f5957ce7261ad07424a8c6312c8bcf4fdafab2

Observation 6c4d0816-2c71-469b-bb88-a39f1fa50420 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.432778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.800757Z digest=sha256:521728a0f35ca580d1d3556e5c153ed0d6b798d576328ac787e0d370bbf60b8a

Observation 2e46fb92-cefd-48cc-8bfd-7d876c7b60af · outbound

This paper cites Here's a Free Lunch: Sanitizing Backdoored Models with Model Merge.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Here's a Free Lunch: Sanitizing Backdoored Models with Model Merge

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:13.899297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.899297Z digest=sha256:275a4220b76e38328c5d5442192a177c8ef88f99dade043296dd8d2cad9c1583

Observation 4c8b477c-832f-41a1-8450-47c8e09715fd · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Qwen Technical Report

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:13.986300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.986300Z digest=sha256:ab9c2a519e77d386bc58e8a22d748779a6f4d991be54e9d83b0bcafe54d4fa89

Observation 6acf0a50-fd6e-4657-b3af-d64b733adaa9 · outbound

This paper cites BadPre: Task-agnostic Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained NLP Foundation Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadPre: Task-agnostic Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained NLP Foundation Models

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.057301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.057301Z digest=sha256:bdcc712dafdf8f9647af6c1f656182bf4b43fbf785c716fa18774353125ab874

Observation 122aca9f-7cbc-436a-a84d-7f5432689998 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.163455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.163455Z digest=sha256:a3059990a2f90e5d3d9011323bddd61bf0f1fe0819755649da68aac45226e202

Observation 797edc12-481f-4f6d-ad2f-9df398226fc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.273813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.242518Z digest=sha256:041a107147777b3424566ca2732943707d592f3fee6d747ae0c99eb8ac0c8557

Observation c8b8ca49-82e1-44e6-96e1-bcd6d9cfcfbc · outbound

This paper cites DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.350555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.350555Z digest=sha256:66f24e63ac4f8fbe832f50b16e21914084215c75aace9dc6380e7d57f20d76d1

Observation 70c6f83e-680c-4fee-a741-650da0bf8f12 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.040158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.461049Z digest=sha256:346d474c8d71531bb24897f9ce524db84162249606e68c8ae0e6591cbef2f4c7

Observation 83e96470-e45e-45ac-9790-37df9915383d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:21.827998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.525259Z digest=sha256:47eba2cf2af903206553ff67e4009f7870be47095b5e42f5daab4346d89771f1

Observation 60284a90-ff1a-485d-a879-a944b35ab9cb · outbound

This paper cites BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chain.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chain

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.631580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.631580Z digest=sha256:a3b97398e4ff0db08458e7731074d9c4a8ff3f9cf18d0a48d5ca5f4688fbfe06

Observation b3c169b7-3ea2-4a6c-96b8-fb5787742296 · outbound

This paper cites SCALE-UP: An Efficient Black-box Input-level Backdoor Detection via Analyzing Scaled Prediction Consistency.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models SCALE-UP: An Efficient Black-box Input-level Backdoor Detection via Analyzing Scaled Prediction Consistency

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.724774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.724774Z digest=sha256:c21637b61767cc6a447009b7db6a9f6f0d59a796a549fc370698d6236fe14157

Observation 7bab8c33-e09a-4ba8-a0fb-3c811ac4d076 · outbound

This paper cites Composite Backdoor Attacks Against Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Composite Backdoor Attacks Against Large Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.815514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.815514Z digest=sha256:3e99085e5c2b8b37838fbd12c3bb7274eb343638c53e5a847db2467907116702

Observation 79c1b52f-28ef-4ebe-b102-724fe08128d2 · outbound

This paper cites Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.903159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.903159Z digest=sha256:1b40f5a119f785f1b72e8892a65bef9a760935995a2f033415c413d35bf11671

Observation 36ccc6a4-8b7a-4f57-9820-8c94decb7d5b · outbound

This paper cites Editing Models with Task Arithmetic.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Editing Models with Task Arithmetic

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.987844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.987844Z digest=sha256:f76698ac02b367eca17993dc5ae0078a9fe41bdf22325f9c1fc9387d40eaa81f

Observation 8fd8d335-7d11-454b-8c7b-c03785fead1b · outbound

This paper cites Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.086856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.086856Z digest=sha256:69c98c4a5a19bb589a160d44c00e28ad818c8e25ab351317fe6235efe9a71028

Observation 83528510-2044-476a-aa85-25eeaebd8dea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:21.472996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.178603Z digest=sha256:7eb0db5363180eebfea01663e4914914502596ca8ec45675295281350776286f

Observation 450d7339-62b7-46c8-a576-d70a1c294c73 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Mistral 7B

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.244085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.244085Z digest=sha256:5eecdd0a4a1849a045c2b81de933d929a9e8e7af9d504411c2030346ec035249

Observation 912b481f-c6ec-4061-95b4-ef63f4ff0f8c · outbound

This paper cites CleanGen: Mitigating Backdoor Attacks for Generation Tasks in Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models CleanGen: Mitigating Backdoor Attacks for Generation Tasks in Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.362800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.362800Z digest=sha256:a5e0e7d91c917896592545d73db74a2efb32663f40a0ef4bc21fcafd5ac856a7

Observation 32040036-1434-4e38-8918-f5dd16937f89 · outbound

This paper cites Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.436062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.436062Z digest=sha256:639a1f4254c6cdaf7a1f2d75678c5ffe2faaea8016a3fa9db3c4c3d2ab7874e8

Observation 9183bd86-2785-44ee-a794-60d21b3f351b · outbound

This paper cites LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.563187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.563187Z digest=sha256:50e5a6ee6471acbbd07279d69873e275eeac2334310a241eb9c586e6705af4d7

Observation 4276fcd2-08a7-4e5a-869f-48d675dbf236 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:21.174769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.621816Z digest=sha256:7a9c2554cecee9909907c9b8c539667071a574d668ff9003f9bb5ab99eaa2294

Observation c1b6bdf9-bdf5-4b8f-a228-b64a77d1812e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.938528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.715639Z digest=sha256:1c3171f3a1d3273549d8e5b6caac6c32a1979b328d135c8b18d94971f1b4cb68

Observation 15c53ae5-6c1d-4a3c-adfe-4dd50ec74692 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Large Language Model Fine-tuning for Solving Math Problems.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Improving Large Language Model Fine-tuning for Solving Math Problems

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.805007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.805007Z digest=sha256:8ce287044226c79ad47945ee96f557fbe21a2fed2d83cacec3c4e319c13b6ad0

Observation cbec3f81-1507-4073-b573-03260797374c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.718390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.891571Z digest=sha256:647237816107da7ec5e5480c8e7594ec97997ab6f524e7fb9f9431b8a899574a

Observation 0a5def35-8596-4b5b-a987-b8b146215fd2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.534988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.965811Z digest=sha256:f2ce4e23cdb078249165537e78bcc385d6a177b303f024ac54fd4aa03308b66c

Observation d28e90b0-fba3-4e07-a033-1a758f9d6c28 · outbound

This paper cites Hidden Killer: Invisible Textual Backdoor Attacks with Syntactic Trigger.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Hidden Killer: Invisible Textual Backdoor Attacks with Syntactic Trigger

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.087638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.087638Z digest=sha256:9cabc74acd4dd42d536df6e70768e87831a018e0539666b20b386b8f911eb7ad

Observation f8f4b374-06fb-4c64-9209-d88f499887f4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.192239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.192239Z digest=sha256:021673cd765245b2524880b2694c70b581429b643f8184c79ced35a30e348a8f

Observation 87e2d3cd-b5a2-4fb9-a928-9106961aa022 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.370283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.270706Z digest=sha256:f6c67938aaecdfced8fb7f11150799230e070b8eaca9fb7cebd17d51911d8dce

Observation 54c745f4-3050-477b-8068-f03bf4ceca12 · outbound

This paper cites Backdoor Pre-trained Models Can Transfer to All.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Backdoor Pre-trained Models Can Transfer to All

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.387648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.387648Z digest=sha256:5c4edce584a386667522ad41e2f6bf63338e7cbead28a83c2e269b167824e173

Observation efce6e4a-a467-4b81-ba43-4873f940c9e4 · outbound

This paper cites BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.463357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.463357Z digest=sha256:6be8807b2e5d4d93a158e4319f29a907f4450fa5cb6d81fd785646a9142f4a89

Observation 94678c49-a97c-4893-a29e-7625c3932f6c · outbound

This paper cites Natural Backdoor Attack on Text Data.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Natural Backdoor Attack on Text Data

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.564496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.564496Z digest=sha256:9a3a3a2a0cb348cc8a8514f2ab3d43936aa62269df52e4c4ccfc3840bb0b1fb2

Observation 8f37c53e-4e42-4872-8ad7-8768f1cbb690 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.682266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.682266Z digest=sha256:99228539b1fa98e01210460971b00d74517ac7dcf78189071acf50da774baab5

Observation bb41e4cd-3760-4d38-bda8-7dbc1c2cf741 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Post-training of Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models A Survey on Post-training of Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.796706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.796706Z digest=sha256:00909da981d5368ba76f2562409caa78a014b7c3ee506f87105a59bd76cba3a1

Observation b5a90ace-7812-4599-8dfd-9454d2acda22 · outbound

This paper cites OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.930344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.930344Z digest=sha256:38ca8dd2885399cc5645c09a2fe34442ce8e11b98fdc36c0eaa099a44a116a7e

Observation 410606ef-b8cb-4e68-9396-c3383456b174 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.192074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.989693Z digest=sha256:e3fd204c2b3be3a637968f41af407f43363722069d88adf1cae94630f9a1c6aa

Observation 06bd2291-f7f5-40c6-b46f-44af44752bf4 · outbound

This paper cites BadAgent: Inserting and Activating Backdoor Attacks in LLM Agents.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadAgent: Inserting and Activating Backdoor Attacks in LLM Agents

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.082771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.082771Z digest=sha256:848201ced6ffb380d0a5289fc7dd2374515501831a62ff06bc103217595570cd

Observation b3b8316c-34af-4bf1-8997-0cf804b4ed73 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.038255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.190393Z digest=sha256:2873e7e49aa37979d55c4708684f83912aec98e45e81a95c7ae4168b60894ad8

Observation 40d570c1-83d7-445c-a17a-f11a18c32c15 · outbound

This paper cites Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.286060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.286060Z digest=sha256:0685ca7241d6171c35a3ea8db9538b4480fc9b4f237f2a6a3d5959ecd841aa86

Observation d41db963-ae11-4a02-8fde-67a7f7aeec66 · outbound

This paper cites LoBAM: LoRA-Based Backdoor Attack on Model Merging.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models LoBAM: LoRA-Based Backdoor Attack on Model Merging

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.381752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.381752Z digest=sha256:fa11b20b78feae2d787cb40cd52195a96ab0d1b65ba530af5c792a8a9e1f7289

Observation f58c5256-928a-4900-b765-b2a2ddaf0623 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:19.866248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.472251Z digest=sha256:767739861e62f7cc24a0d11110ea6910a6b142fd9f6d4e041d92fb8b6a9f5c20

Observation e021420d-0969-4ad8-92b9-c4ecd9881c5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.522018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.522018Z digest=sha256:84dcfe73f6f88224f2f1f6e45ef60b8ed9e644866323d20ce34f5155b34603fa

Observation e8e11dcf-316f-4a1c-beeb-e7ed34875fd1 · outbound

This paper cites Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained Unified Foundation Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained Unified Foundation Models

Reference 43

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.802405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.530699Z digest=sha256:464474ea7ac692c090644294eac1c98253524cf1307c29d712877758d7ddebb6

Observation 5bc63c3d-ca04-4b37-a019-6d0c8586e2e4 · outbound

This paper cites BadToken: Token-level Backdoor Attacks to Multi-modal Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadToken: Token-level Backdoor Attacks to Multi-modal Large Language Models

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.598405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.634556Z digest=sha256:e3cfc118fbe6cfb8125c8387fdb2a76289f15472042cde6e8d7f92ebe0c1570d

Observation b9c159d5-f586-40b6-bac1-4eaa004b529e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:19.673919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.743822Z digest=sha256:82c2aa92df70b7f58cc9d82cd411c5b3d206e2ec559b7f93d3eff5a282856c98

Observation aab23a1c-03bc-44ac-95ce-cef3c6e453a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:19.435511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.945186Z digest=sha256:4e92e8de396c4b55e5c4e6877ee5405937741281bb411318d1c843d2a3563203

Observation 7ccd69a6-3948-4348-846b-b6b1ad5df634 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.124491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.124491Z digest=sha256:6455f8332aead1221f53441809ddcf695ec53628b0d6779d8ab55a8453046e1d

Observation 37612cec-ca52-40cc-ae6f-810bc7c7e8ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.187357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.187357Z digest=sha256:7739264b3411b68dadcf7fbe385df8445b43c476e2d4404c2cada0bb90b4a0c0

Observation 01995b97-26fe-470a-b7a2-684d3b70c197 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.290076Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.290076Z digest=sha256:28925c4bacd4d616d57e34b910d106cc549c6df02cd477ffef2a50f29d7faf7a

Observation 899eec16-0269-495c-a375-8e4d0cdf62fd · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models write newline

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z digest=sha256:afb7bb8b00dcd106ac8509398ec1683c7626cd4964c6cf7d28df5dad5cfbd664

Pith citing papers

Observation 936b7c5e-7ee8-4f31-beaf-2ec2303afdb1 · inbound

RogueMerge: Robust and Unified Attacks against LLM Model Merging cites this paper.

RogueMerge: Robust and Unified Attacks against LLM Model Merging Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T03:26:29.008907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-28T10:05:10.309553Z digest=sha256:260c31520b94fecce2359c99da07d2fae6c0c39d6e31e382047d1a16df8a9a84

Observation 62907152-6ace-4d7e-b61e-75d29ae90fc5 · inbound

From Parameters to Feature Space: Task Arithmetic for Backdoor Mitigation in Model Merging cites this paper.

From Parameters to Feature Space: Task Arithmetic for Backdoor Mitigation in Model Merging Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T11:38:05.617172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-27T09:24:00.948230Z digest=sha256:30f7e3992f30b57b50189b9b6646e2f9a0a38eb44cdafb8cb9478e53ce6e204b