Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:15:40.046988Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.11415.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:15:40.046988Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T19:27:04.088604Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T02:07:33.487385Z
45 of 45 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 34b8da34-5773-4633-9537-ff6ef61a32a1 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Harnessing the power of llms in practice: A survey on chatgpt and beyond,
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b2a3dc78-fc46-4051-a84c-dab78e38f203 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs The frontier of data erasure: A survey on machine unlearning for large language models,
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b09ba661-2336-48a2-b27d-6c750a001dca · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Retrieval- augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks,
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1432189a-e0ea-466b-9550-a77f3b42c579 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs SafeRAG: Benchmarking Security in Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Large Language Model
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation daf20d88-fa05-4d3b-a8a3-06ff188b4a43 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs When Machine Unlearning Meets Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Keep Secret or Forget Knowledge?
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 75a9ab1a-5f1c-4ae6-a186-69a611c7ae31 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Poison-RAG: Adversarial Data Poisoning Attacks on Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Recommender Systems
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 187d8aaa-509a-4ab2-a7de-a92141cd0eb0 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Poisoning Retrieval Corpora by Injecting Adversarial Passages
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 13a82056-0b6d-4466-a75e-dd3ca5f81099 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Bias unveiled: Investigating social bias in llm-generated code,
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8eaf4be9-7f05-4ded-a15a-17ea84056a0c · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Investigating Bias in LLM-Based Bias Detection: Disparities between LLMs and Human Perception
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3ec645ee-b390-4fae-ae3b-c8c14b95b356 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6f33f15e-0820-44cb-8058-050ad547d44d · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Evaluating interfaced llm bias,
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation fe62d919-66d7-4147-95b8-bca1de9ad3d2 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Do fairness interventions come at the cost of privacy: Evaluations for binary classifiers,
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d439efad-5b11-4f99-86ba-958d087b3246 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Afed: Algorithmic fair fed- erated learning,
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation adef5cc5-6154-4189-9bcd-3313fcc0f184 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Bias and unfairness in information retrieval systems: New challenges in the llm era,
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation af747507-28dc-470f-b357-80975765f165 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Fine-tuning a biased model for improving fairness,
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8fc35f26-8be6-4fea-adff-a3631b43842c · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Distilling fair representations from fair teachers,
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9f372f77-b04b-45e4-91f1-2f7b1bf06bab · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Does RAG Introduce Unfairness in LLMs? Evaluating Fairness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 909fedb8-9465-45fc-beb1-98cd369b2a73 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs TrustRAG: Enhancing Robustness and Trustworthiness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f584e68d-30a1-4156-b7b2-43865f35950b · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs A survey on machine unlearning: Techniques and new emerged privacy risks,
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5afa17ca-c945-4a39-ba28-e986a063f3c4 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Certifiably robust rag against retrieval corruption,
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 92521ab5-c6cd-4af9-ae5b-8f788b9b30fa · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Average and strict gan-based reconstruction for adversarial example detection,
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cfd79da1-2312-458f-aaf2-515ba5a2998b · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Generative adversarial JOURNAL OF LATEX CLASS FILES, VOL. 14, NO. 8, AUGUST 2021 17 networks unlearning,
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 69e8a5cf-3992-4724-a474-43a684cf879e · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Bibliometric analysis of educational research in 2017 to 2021 using vosviewer: Google scholar indexed research,
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cf8e60e1-54e6-4f11-a34a-60288ebb8cf1 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Overview of trec 2021
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 73cfcd32-232b-4344-ae64-d5592c5456ea · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Bias and fairness in large language models: A survey,
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 45498480-73f5-4c1b-ac98-a4ba784bcf61 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs An empirical study of rich subgroup fairness for machine learning,
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 82388f54-24fe-4643-a53f-1f130811e93d · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments,
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 87cd06f6-aba5-4fe0-b5ad-df99a0cf46c5 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Certifying and removing disparate impact,
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 573329f7-b5db-4245-84ef-0fa19187c5be · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs TrojanRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation Can Be Backdoor Driver in Large Language Models
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 658ee460-5d59-4cf6-96ba-1e980303fe72 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs BadRAG: Identifying Vulnerabilities in Retrieval Augmented Generation of Large Language Models
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c8111ef8-2935-4542-afef-9c37f54c55f8 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs PoisonedRAG: Knowledge Corruption Attacks to Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Large Language Models
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e36aa399-4b1a-4577-8e6e-33a9cf155af4 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Pandora: Jailbreak GPTs by Retrieval Augmented Generation Poisoning
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dcdc88b1-7970-45a5-be4f-8d5f9bbdb142 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs No Free Lunch: Retrieval-Augmented Generation Undermines Fairness in LLMs, Even for Vigilant Users
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9f9d40ef-403d-499a-b2be-0d7ebff12570 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Towards fair rag: On the impact of fair ranking in retrieval-augmented generation,
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 1ef45207-4509-4fed-b7a3-445ac6a03d86 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Fairrag: Fair human generation via fair retrieval augmentation,
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation a99450ee-373e-4c87-b658-ea002937522c · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Mitigating Bias in RAG: Controlling the Embedder
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5d2c6711-89b0-4c87-8668-d7682c2d1e5b · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Queen: Query unlearning against model extraction,
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 84f2a46e-05ac-479e-bc8b-3fa74943fcad · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 13595b9b-a24f-44ab-b7ea-b88e44bf2bfb · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0f79b251-ca69-4da2-a941-8a81d40c994e · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Qwen2.5 Technical Report
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c6ac0879-a7e0-4dff-b724-2f3a27484495 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1277735d-a8f0-4a21-aab2-20c7aaa0e98b · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6f6f5e77-d15e-49f3-807f-3f4d8d8d3355 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ee9759e2-85c1-427b-ab09-7da2a1cf21bf · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Pyserini: A python toolkit for reproducible information retrieval re- search with sparse and dense representations,
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 77506a78-4796-4cbc-94fe-84a85cf2d5a9 · outbound
Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs Text Embeddings by Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5164d2d3-79ba-4a74-a880-8b9bbf275098 · inbound
Epistemic Bias Injection: Manipulating LLM Opinion via Selective Context Retrieval Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 425209cb-a80f-49e6-bc06-4261471c5c19 · inbound
Retrieval-Augmented Generation Must Move Beyond Factual Grounding to Represent Diverse Opinions Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ae227b23-faea-48a1-abfe-a839cf5a023b · inbound
SoK: Colluding Adversaries in Machine Learning Pipelines Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs
Reference 104
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e29d505d-0a96-438a-bed2-6fe1a025f584 · inbound
Large Language Models in Misinformation Ecosystems: Misuse, Defense, and Vulnerability Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs
Reference 195
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.