Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.19839.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.19839 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.150094Z

measured 29 of 29 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy4
unresolved25
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 83ba609b-5580-43cc-9139-b99619c8fafd · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.045819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 68479ae6-55d6-4f9d-b87f-d0984b212bd9 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.050014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e90b93ab-0533-4fd5-a983-50e96067e2d3 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Mistral 7B

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.053765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb51cb50-6c2d-41d3-be1e-1988947bc36b · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.057673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e318708-ae86-441f-9b54-a11889164c2c · outbound

This paper cites Zhao, Yanping Huang, Andrew M.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Zhao, Yanping Huang, Andrew M

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.543261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 04ea882f-a852-4cdb-bbd1-0d6a013f4f12 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, Han Bao, Hanwei Xu, Haocheng Wang, Haowei Zhang, Honghui Ding, Huajian Xin, Huazuo Gao, Hui Li, Hui Qu, J.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Zhang, Han Bao, Hanwei Xu, Haocheng Wang, Haowei Zhang, Honghui Ding, Huajian Xin, Huazuo Gao, Hui Li, Hui Qu, J

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.066304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16092d90-55cf-425b-a39f-82e7738123fc · outbound

This paper cites Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.073824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04fc276f-3af7-4a69-b899-7683356c1095 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.077786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation daa69ddc-d13f-4956-a98e-30ebf8c6fe7c · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.081116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db081153-0b95-475e-bc93-1a313d40268c · outbound

This paper cites Deep Model Fusion: A Survey.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Deep Model Fusion: A Survey

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.086213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07191f56-a19b-4fd3-ac7f-860bb8838c2a · outbound

This paper cites Ties-merging: Resolving interference when merging models.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Ties-merging: Resolving interference when merging models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.517819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 39db1d29-a074-4d43-9fcc-e01bc4d0b81f · outbound

This paper cites Language models are super mario: Absorbing abilities from homologous models as a free lunch.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Language models are super mario: Absorbing abilities from homologous models as a free lunch

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.508366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3dbb639a-c951-42c1-8cc0-0f11e800034f · outbound

This paper cites Editing Models with Task Arithmetic.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Editing Models with Task Arithmetic

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.097828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56faf8b5-5e81-48ca-8384-0a6a7afd21a8 · outbound

This paper cites Merging models with fisher-weighted averaging.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Merging models with fisher-weighted averaging

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.101390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbcd8180-4ba4-4bb3-a60a-aa81f1bb8659 · outbound

This paper cites AdaMerging: Adaptive Model Merging for Multi-Task Learning.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization AdaMerging: Adaptive Model Merging for Multi-Task Learning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.104549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad756850-0562-4568-9b9e-39a55d196488 · outbound

This paper cites Evolutionary Optimization of Model Merging Recipes.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Evolutionary Optimization of Model Merging Recipes

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.108083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71e987cf-ab99-4500-bbe9-3f648c6889e1 · outbound

This paper cites Kennedy and R.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Kennedy and R

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.111384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4927d21-b5df-4df4-9c6d-e848a907e21d · outbound

This paper cites Merge, Ensemble, and Cooperate! A Survey on Collaborative Strategies in the Era of Large Language Models.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Merge, Ensemble, and Cooperate! A Survey on Collaborative Strategies in the Era of Large Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.114507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42b201c2-f241-410b-a147-5ad8bb060f26 · outbound

This paper cites DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.117923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af3bb88f-1233-433f-9334-86ef6dbdb139 · outbound

This paper cites Rankmean: Module-level importance score for merging fine-tuned llm models.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Rankmean: Module-level importance score for merging fine-tuned llm models

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.493065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fbce2b5c-9aaf-44cf-a521-9f3c6d464cde · outbound

This paper cites Fusionbench: A compre- hensive benchmark of deep model fusion.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Fusionbench: A compre- hensive benchmark of deep model fusion

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.124499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 396afb23-678c-456a-809a-bb0baa0bfdce · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.127503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae9e2659-e2bc-47b4-8755-e88370dce1cf · outbound

This paper cites Hashimoto.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Hashimoto

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.130661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e23d2898-c26f-42d6-a830-22751b3b70f8 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.133945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d0a58d0-df58-4079-af8c-dd293a0a05f0 · outbound

This paper cites Program Synthesis with Large Language Models.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Program Synthesis with Large Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.137597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25281c49-c849-4195-9d85-701272f0b0b4 · outbound

This paper cites xFinder: Large Language Models as Automated Evaluators for Reliable Evaluation.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization xFinder: Large Language Models as Automated Evaluators for Reliable Evaluation

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.141385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05115f77-9768-4717-9843-e648994307b1 · outbound

This paper cites Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.146129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fd6c42cf-0b05-4b8c-b0d1-cdf3dde4e98a · outbound

This paper cites Model Swarms: Collaborative Search to Adapt LLM Experts via Swarm Intelligence.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Model Swarms: Collaborative Search to Adapt LLM Experts via Swarm Intelligence

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.150094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9c3aa6f-7acb-4cac-ac33-31e7bc133ae1 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

PSO-Merging: Merging Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:30:25.069983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.