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Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients
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abstract
We systematically analyze the effects of the derivatives of the hydrodynamic fields on axial Wigner function that describes the spin polarization vector in phase space. We have included all possible first-order derivative contributions that are allowed by symmetry and compute the associated transport functions at one-loop using the linear response theory. In addition to reproducing known effects due to the temperature gradient and vorticity, we have identified a number of potentially significant contributions that are overlooked previously. In particular, we find that the shear strength, the symmetric and traceless part of the flow gradient, will induce a quadrupole for spin polarization in the phase space. We refer to this novel effect as the shear-induced polarization (SIP). Our results, together with hydrodynamic gradients obtained from hydrodynamic simulations, can be employed as a basis for the interpretation of the $\Lambda$ (anti-$\Lambda$) spin polarization measurement in heavy-ion collisions.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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A new derivation gives the spin polarization of emitted fermions in terms of thermal vorticity and shear evaluated on the decoupling surface, with the shear term expressed through the local hypersurface normal rather ...
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In an anisotropic Gubser flow, the longitudinal spin polarization's sign depends on which shear formulation is used, and two popular formulations show exact or near-exact cancellation between vorticity and shear contr...
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Tensor spin polarization induced by curved freeze-out hypersurface
The curvature of the freeze-out hypersurface induces a tensor spin polarization of vector mesons at leading gradient order, with predicted phi-meson spin alignment around -10^-4 to -10^-3.
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Is the shear induced spin polarization non-dissipative?
Shear-induced spin polarization leaves the momentum-integrated entropy production rate unchanged in chiral kinetic theory, but Zubarev's linear response suggests a dissipative origin.
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Initial conditions and bulk viscosity effects on $\Lambda$ polarization in high-energy heavy ion collisions
Bulk viscosity determines the sign of longitudinal Lambda polarization at LHC energies in hydrodynamic simulations, and the azimuthal dependence of transverse polarization is sensitive to initial-state choices.
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Hydrodynamic effects on spin polarization along the beam direction in Au+Au and p+Pb collisions
Hydrodynamic spin contributions (thermal vorticity negative, thermal shear positive) reproduce Au+Au polarization but cannot match CMS p+Pb data, so new polarization mechanisms may be needed.
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