Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Language Models as Ontology Encoders

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.14334.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.14334 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.317929Z

measured 41 of 41 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-17T21:26:35.403287Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-17T21:30:18.443098Z

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact6
verified fuzzy18
unresolved13
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ec54ee6a-0048-45da-a614-43f5440a7320 · outbound

This paper cites In: Shvaiko, P., Euzenat, J., Jiménez-Ruiz, E., Hassanzadeh, O., Trojahn, C.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Shvaiko, P., Euzenat, J., Jiménez-Ruiz, E., Hassanzadeh, O., Trojahn, C

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:18.440444Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7c267ba3-e757-47e2-9bb6-3a4f0e0ce3b9 · outbound

This paper cites Nature genetics25(1), 25–29 (2000).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Nature genetics25(1), 25–29 (2000)

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:18.256650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1376e323-3524-4b83-a77b-03fabde783e3 · outbound

This paper cites In: Kaelbling, L.P., Saffiotti, A.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Kaelbling, L.P., Saffiotti, A

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:18.114608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3deb37df-d5b4-471f-a135-1495b37e94a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d16be459-f3f9-4989-b622-c27d82ef92e7 · outbound

This paper cites In: Hutter, D., Stephan, W.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Hutter, D., Stephan, W

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.964293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 014091fb-f3f2-4977-a433-cc3e146ada69 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 35(8), 1798–1828 (2013).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 35(8), 1798–1828 (2013)

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:10.806884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 559a25a4-5f9d-4521-b438-438aa940637c · outbound

This paper cites World Wide Web (WWW) 26(5), 2569–2591 (2023).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders World Wide Web (WWW) 26(5), 2569–2591 (2023)

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.887015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e35e8c1d-6cd4-4b32-8a7b-c0972d04342d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:10.923069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8173098f-1042-481e-88b9-f6114b4b1f06 · outbound

This paper cites Ontology Embedding: A Survey of Methods, Applications and Resources.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Ontology Embedding: A Survey of Methods, Applications and Resources

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:11.028928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af443dd5-154e-4fa3-ab86-6fd58d91911f · outbound

This paper cites Studies in health technology and informatics121, 279 (2006).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Studies in health technology and informatics121, 279 (2006)

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:17.914307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 552359cb-118c-48b6-a9a3-5f3c2c3aa841 · outbound

This paper cites (eds.), handbook on ontolo- gies, series: International handbooks on information systems, second ed., vol.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders (eds.), handbook on ontolo- gies, series: International handbooks on information systems, second ed., vol

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.768758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7aaec8ae-343a-4e2a-bb10-fe4e6107db55 · outbound

This paper cites In: Dy, J.G., Krause, A.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Dy, J.G., Krause, A

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:17.738054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ec2b9e24-4d3f-436c-984c-2b875f427aff · outbound

This paper cites In: Wallach, H.M., Larochelle, H., Beygelzimer, A., d’Alché-Buc, F., Fox, E.B., Garnett, R.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Wallach, H.M., Larochelle, H., Beygelzimer, A., d’Alché-Buc, F., Fox, E.B., Garnett, R

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:17.520297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 03dc6f29-3d07-4372-82d3-2e320ec45867 · outbound

This paper cites In: Payne, T.R., Presutti, V., Qi, G., Poveda-Villalón, M., Stoilos, G., Hollink, L., Kaoudi, Z., Cheng, G., Li, J.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Payne, T.R., Presutti, V., Qi, G., Poveda-Villalón, M., Stoilos, G., Hollink, L., Kaoudi, Z., Cheng, G., Li, J

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.684031Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1a1f7e32-29b3-4e98-9d7f-582df03f59f1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.588666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation eb1dc4e0-54fc-4a88-a6b6-a845a9d400dc · outbound

This paper cites Semantic Web 15(5), 1991–2004 (2024).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Semantic Web 15(5), 1991–2004 (2024)

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:17.316983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c6432e67-eae6-4143-af0c-db2dae773eb1 · outbound

This paper cites In: Globersons, A., Mackey, L., Belgrave, D., Fan, A., Pa- quet, U., Tomczak, J.M., Zhang, C.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Globersons, A., Mackey, L., Belgrave, D., Fan, A., Pa- quet, U., Tomczak, J.M., Zhang, C

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:17.164367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation fa4bd447-597e-4b93-9f68-36fbd0c2d27c · outbound

This paper cites In: Chua, T., Ngo, C., Kumar, R., Lauw, H.W., Lee, R.K.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Chua, T., Ngo, C., Kumar, R., Lauw, H.W., Lee, R.K

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:17.041313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 68b20090-e66c-441a-99d3-79e81f598cf1 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 24583f42-0570-4eb7-bf34-23081ce8aa95 · outbound

This paper cites Briefings in bioinformatics22(4), bbaa199 (2021) Language Models as Ontology Encoders 19.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Briefings in bioinformatics22(4), bbaa199 (2021) Language Models as Ontology Encoders 19

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:16.847089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation b1747602-d840-43ae-9cbb-0d26ba9c1851 · outbound

This paper cites Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer Science & Business Media (2013).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer Science & Business Media (2013)

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:16.658608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e9b77697-8401-492f-bc85-f0f10c834b40 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8f9ca635-2e36-4e2e-858b-0904bf408e64 · outbound

This paper cites Ontology Completion with Natural Language Inference and Concept Embeddings: An Analysis.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Ontology Completion with Natural Language Inference and Concept Embeddings: An Analysis

Reference 23

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c172fbf8-889e-4a97-a47d-a28a2b11919b · outbound

This paper cites In: Martin, A., Hinkelmann, K., Fill, H., Gerber, A., Lenat, D., Stolle, R., van Harmelen, F.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Martin, A., Hinkelmann, K., Fill, H., Gerber, A., Lenat, D., Stolle, R., van Harmelen, F

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:16.148603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f652d811-e6f5-469a-b5fd-55973e6b9dac · outbound

This paper cites Genome biology13, 1–20 (2012).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Genome biology13, 1–20 (2012)

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:15.665616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 27c9859d-bcb3-43b5-a8f2-0c301038566f · outbound

This paper cites In: Guyon, I., von Luxburg, U., Bengio, S., Wallach, H.M., Fergus, R., Vishwanathan, S.V.N., Garnett, R.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Guyon, I., von Luxburg, U., Bengio, S., Wallach, H.M., Fergus, R., Vishwanathan, S.V.N., Garnett, R

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:15.470885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2dc3f87c-a25b-4fbe-8a3c-54e4864526ff · outbound

This paper cites Description Logic EL++ Embeddings with Intersectional Closure.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Description Logic EL++ Embeddings with Intersectional Closure

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f87c8d56-f049-4b34-a3b7-8b85123cdfba · outbound

This paper cites In: Medical Informatics Europe’96, pp.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Medical Informatics Europe’96, pp

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:15.282517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6afcbcb7-fb2d-4a33-891e-8a6aacf68f76 · outbound

This paper cites Bioinform.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Bioinform

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:12.885083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6901f858-2cc2-49f4-8fdc-d25c5c9b47f5 · outbound

This paper cites FALCON: Scalable Reasoning over Inconsistent ALC Ontologies.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders FALCON: Scalable Reasoning over Inconsistent ALC Ontologies

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:12.934900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5172cb81-1338-48f9-949a-8f16da8bf27b · outbound

This paper cites In: Guyon, I., von Luxburg, U., Bengio, S., Wallach, H.M., Fergus, R., Vishwanathan, S.V.N., Garnett, R.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: Guyon, I., von Luxburg, U., Bengio, S., Wallach, H.M., Fergus, R., Vishwanathan, S.V.N., Garnett, R

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:15.039297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9a44d8e6-50a4-4788-8a7d-fde924b87da1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5da97ed-60e0-430c-9ca1-eb6ada2d74d8 · outbound

This paper cites Faithiful Embeddings for EL++ Knowledge Bases.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Faithiful Embeddings for EL++ Knowledge Bases

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:14.177871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 38941f00-c28b-4cbc-af9e-ee6d43d2fc67 · outbound

This paper cites RegD: Hierarchical Embeddings via Dissimilarity between Arbitrary Euclidean Regions.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders RegD: Hierarchical Embeddings via Dissimilarity between Arbitrary Euclidean Regions

Reference 34

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:14.105057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 54b34d74-7f58-491f-882e-3e606b9d0fc8 · outbound

This paper cites In: THE WEB CONFERENCE 2025.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders In: THE WEB CONFERENCE 2025

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:14.869056Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation d12f0e82-9737-44d7-abbb-3abbb4641363 · outbound

This paper cites KG-BERT: BERT for Knowledge Graph Completion.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders KG-BERT: BERT for Knowledge Graph Completion

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:13.230913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8662d976-634c-481c-a3f5-fee7ac1f035f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:14.722769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation b5a45f9f-3ee7-41c5-999c-0815feb12e20 · outbound

This paper cites Bioinformatics39(1), btac811 (2023).

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Bioinformatics39(1), btac811 (2023)

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:14.498409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f4787f72-5a6d-45a8-b04c-1328ff77d708 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders Unresolved cited work

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:15.880106Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation d115104e-fe1b-41c7-b04f-f22ff93865f9 · outbound

This paper cites 2250–2258.

Language Models as Ontology Encoders 2250–2258

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:14:11.938449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 7f354ced-8f5c-4348-b23f-66759fb0f1ed · inbound

Hierarchical Retrieval with Out-Of-Vocabulary Queries: A Case Study on SNOMED CT cites this paper.

Hierarchical Retrieval with Out-Of-Vocabulary Queries: A Case Study on SNOMED CT Language Models as Ontology Encoders

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-17T21:30:18.444827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.