Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2603.03322.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2603.03322 v2

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.186085Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved46
parse uncertain2
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ac949c24-b965-40e5-bee2-80a8acf9153d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.219382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab5bf0d7-1d06-4f90-b159-0e736a4284fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.247969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0fa86ca3-6459-4274-80c4-7540767bfe6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.287331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2521bfe5-dcce-40cb-8f6b-5df0d432c0c7 · outbound

This paper cites Auto-Discovery-Bench: Diagnosing Structured State Tracking in Oracle-Guided Discovery.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Auto-Discovery-Bench: Diagnosing Structured State Tracking in Oracle-Guided Discovery

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.329763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e21c3aa-1a23-4284-9662-4ceadb256fe5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.362735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1753ccaf-3cf6-4db5-8811-efb37c7c2d9c · outbound

This paper cites Towards an AI co-scientist.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Towards an AI co-scientist

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.447146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b1f11a8-0eac-4569-a87b-16d86af7abba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.488860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d19e02c4-3ca3-4e98-8bdf-c783f4ded4eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.521104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72b10248-b57b-404d-af0d-3bd6302d21d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.556890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6917a371-ad60-4992-ad86-c9adc70a38bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.587787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2dc1f4b-f513-4cab-a0a8-4ef3bcda89e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.631426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e6c03f5-7837-4694-8621-0175933269c1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.656705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad2318a4-ae72-409f-96ca-ee5a8cdf02b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.691160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83bb601f-f2dc-4200-ba0d-534fbcd87854 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Adaptive ML Benchmarks: Web-Agent-Driven Construction, Domain Expansion, and Metric Optimization.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Towards Adaptive ML Benchmarks: Web-Agent-Driven Construction, Domain Expansion, and Metric Optimization

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.718690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d9d6cde4-505b-4b47-94ca-50d63bc87fed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.759886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75d8c7af-6629-4251-9f59-aa0b9a7509f1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.791895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a998b67d-069c-49b6-bc86-9fe37cdd1795 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.822473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 267ccfa0-6f78-442a-8c27-e128d0a137b2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.865515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a261c4ad-6932-4249-9185-d9ea76e54f92 · outbound

This paper cites LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methods.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methods

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.893753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 87d68fee-abb4-4001-ae3f-6ece1f560ad4 · outbound

This paper cites ResearchBench: Benchmarking LLMs in Scientific Discovery via Inspiration-Based Task Decomposition.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery ResearchBench: Benchmarking LLMs in Scientific Discovery via Inspiration-Based Task Decomposition

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.930452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ff58efd-6207-43a4-9340-debcfd93a56f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.966417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5510b165-971a-4b7e-bdce-bbfd51746561 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.007554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc50af80-1460-4b07-9db6-5d3d4f032f59 · outbound

This paper cites 2025.Introducing GPT-5.2.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery 2025.Introducing GPT-5.2

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.049859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9dd84299-2207-4d55-83a7-719e9c08e796 · outbound

This paper cites Humanity's Last Exam.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Humanity's Last Exam

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.753290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78fbdf71-4efe-46d9-94d8-4956cc1f7693 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.910873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2f4da02f-b62d-4c63-86f3-bd876671a475 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.932452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d61141c-3d81-4daf-bd17-8f5010c9abb9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.941964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 468a4674-b87b-4830-a98f-0092981ab8a1 · outbound

This paper cites SciQAG: A Framework for Auto-Generated Science Question Answering Dataset with Fine-grained Evaluation.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery SciQAG: A Framework for Auto-Generated Science Question Answering Dataset with Fine-grained Evaluation

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.951224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9384930d-23da-4230-a176-4a7ccd7fbc0a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.958922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66b0a147-8266-4b39-8811-2cd390b914c5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.968312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d053d8c4-6ec5-435d-8041-23409d120e63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.979745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f48351a9-aac9-40e3-a395-36cd15817a03 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.997321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 615f3591-81e1-4c6d-b66c-74ddc27b930a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.005684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4086e844-9e3c-4fcb-a18a-802f58fa529d · outbound

This paper cites FutureX: An Advanced Live Benchmark for LLM Agents in Future Prediction.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery FutureX: An Advanced Live Benchmark for LLM Agents in Future Prediction

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.014062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da5a33cc-c970-4806-9fde-53b05b7bea7d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.021538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aba3bf65-62d5-409e-9962-1f525c224dc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.026947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3c25a10d-7ebc-46ce-9800-5a21113a7777 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.036318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 348d7729-7552-4639-88ec-5b0222ac39c8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.043552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 022e461d-c5b2-461b-9c2b-855557474690 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.049286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b015dde8-ad88-4f57-a3bc-efaf4c9b26c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.058425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19d6034f-c62e-422a-9baa-30fd384b689e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.081618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07d7752e-b5f5-49ee-ac70-084ad6eac116 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.122761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a925548-cbb9-42ef-a259-0ae2b4cff399 · outbound

This paper cites •GPT-5-Mini: Released on August 7, 2025.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery •GPT-5-Mini: Released on August 7, 2025

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.140678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc6bbddd-c63f-4405-bfb2-8496ee2200a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.147157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af6db63d-e02a-471c-8c9c-fe42de19c7ff · outbound

This paper cites Does X regulate Y phenomenon ?.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Does X regulate Y phenomenon ?

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.168526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d14b253a-e063-4066-8e0c-45b4dc8fdebd · outbound

This paper cites based on the text.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery based on the text

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:48.186085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab696429-6bc7-429b-86ed-2b77c2214e1f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery Unresolved cited work

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:46.405511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 57c3caf0-83f5-49bb-9e5b-b24517861ea1 · outbound

This paper cites In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations.

Can Large Language Models Derive New Knowledge? A Dynamic Benchmark for Biological Knowledge Discovery In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T02:57:47.989428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.