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Family of Unconventional Superconductivities in Crystalline Graphene
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Family of Unconventional Superconductivities in Crystalline Graphene
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Unconventional superconductors exhibit multiple broken symmetries and exceed the range of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. For instance, time-reversal symmetry can be broken in addition to the gauge symmetry, resulting in superconductors that can be enhanced or induced by a magnetic field. However, such unconventional superconductivities are more vulnerable to impurities than their BCS counterparts, requiring highly ordered and clean material systems to observe them. Crystalline rhombohedral multilayer graphene is a promising platform to explore unconventional superconductivity due to its superior material quality and gate-tunable strong correlation effects. Here we report transport measurements of rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene, where a spectrum of superconductivities in a clean limit are observed. Three of them (SC2-4) show highly unusual enhancements by magnetic fields: 1. SC2 is strengthened by an in-plane field; 2. SC3 is boosted by a small out-of-plane field; 3. SC4 is induced by an in-plane field. All these superconductors are robust against an in-plane field up to 8.5 Tesla, exceeding the Pauli limit of conventional superconductors by tens of times and suggesting their unconventional nature. Moreover, we observed that proximitized spin-orbit coupling generates a plethora of new superconductors in the phase diagram, while maintaining the high quality of bare rhombohedral graphene. Our work establishes a family of new superconductors in rhombohedral multilayer graphene, which also provides an ideal platform to engineer non-Abelian quasiparticles by proximitizing with quantum anomalous Hall states existing in the same material system.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Valley Valves at Domain Walls in Symmetry-Broken Rhombohedral Graphene
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Family of High-Chern-Number Orbital Magnets in Twisted Rhombohedral Graphene
Experimental discovery of a family of high-Chern-number orbital magnets in twisted (1+n) rhombohedral graphene with observed topological hierarchy C = n for n=3,4,5.
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Competing Orders Driven by Wigner Crystal Phase in Rhombohedral Graphene
In pentalayer rhombohedral graphene, the insulating state beside chiral superconductivity is a Wigner crystal whose boundary continuously connects to magnetic-field-stabilized superconducting and reentrant quantum Hal...
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