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Family of Unconventional Superconductivities in Crystalline Graphene

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arxiv 2509.03295 v1 pith:DT664H4W submitted 2025-09-03 cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con

Family of Unconventional Superconductivities in Crystalline Graphene

classification cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con
keywords superconductorsfieldgrapheneunconventionalrhombohedralin-planematerialsuperconductivities
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Unconventional superconductors exhibit multiple broken symmetries and exceed the range of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. For instance, time-reversal symmetry can be broken in addition to the gauge symmetry, resulting in superconductors that can be enhanced or induced by a magnetic field. However, such unconventional superconductivities are more vulnerable to impurities than their BCS counterparts, requiring highly ordered and clean material systems to observe them. Crystalline rhombohedral multilayer graphene is a promising platform to explore unconventional superconductivity due to its superior material quality and gate-tunable strong correlation effects. Here we report transport measurements of rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene, where a spectrum of superconductivities in a clean limit are observed. Three of them (SC2-4) show highly unusual enhancements by magnetic fields: 1. SC2 is strengthened by an in-plane field; 2. SC3 is boosted by a small out-of-plane field; 3. SC4 is induced by an in-plane field. All these superconductors are robust against an in-plane field up to 8.5 Tesla, exceeding the Pauli limit of conventional superconductors by tens of times and suggesting their unconventional nature. Moreover, we observed that proximitized spin-orbit coupling generates a plethora of new superconductors in the phase diagram, while maintaining the high quality of bare rhombohedral graphene. Our work establishes a family of new superconductors in rhombohedral multilayer graphene, which also provides an ideal platform to engineer non-Abelian quasiparticles by proximitizing with quantum anomalous Hall states existing in the same material system.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Nematic Wigner crystals in rhombohedral multilayer graphene

    cond-mat.str-el 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    Projected Hartree–Fock and time-dependent Hartree–Fock calculations predict a spontaneously C3-breaking (nematic) Wigner crystal that is locally stable in a region of the rhombohedral tetralayer graphene phase diagram.

  2. Valley Valves at Domain Walls in Symmetry-Broken Rhombohedral Graphene

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Valley domain walls act as impenetrable barriers to transport in metallic rhombohedral graphene unless intervalley interactions mediate transmission, and intervalley mixing is required for appreciable supercurrent in ...

  3. Anomalous metal and superconducting phases in rhombohedral graphene

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    Gate-tuned rhombohedral graphene hosts adjacent zero-resistance superconducting and finite-resistance anomalous-metal pockets with similar Tc but distinct critical fields, constraining extrinsic origins of anomalous metals.

  4. Electrostatically stabilized surface flat bands in rhombohedral graphite at zero displacement field

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Nonuniform near-surface electrostatic potentials flatten surface bands in rhombohedral graphite at zero displacement field, enabling flat-band regimes in thick samples via self-consistent calculations.

  5. Multiple Superconducting Phases in Rhombohedral Heptalayer Graphene

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Multiple superconducting phases observed in rhombohedral heptalayer graphene at low displacement fields, with one robust zero-resistance state arising from a half-metallic normal state.

  6. Family of High-Chern-Number Orbital Magnets in Twisted Rhombohedral Graphene

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Experimental discovery of a family of high-Chern-number orbital magnets in twisted (1+n) rhombohedral graphene with observed topological hierarchy C = n for n=3,4,5.

  7. Competing Orders Driven by Wigner Crystal Phase in Rhombohedral Graphene

    cond-mat.mes-hall 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    In pentalayer rhombohedral graphene, the insulating state beside chiral superconductivity is a Wigner crystal whose boundary continuously connects to magnetic-field-stabilized superconducting and reentrant quantum Hal...