Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 4 minor 75 references

Parameter estimation of gravitational waves from hyperbolic black hole encounters

T0 review · 3 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-06 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read The paper shows that RIFT, a grid-based Bayesian algorithm, can recover the masses, spins, and hyperbolic orbital parameters of black-hole scatter and plunge signals at Cosmic Explorer sensitivity when paired with the TEOBResumSDALI…

desk verdict Promising proof-of-principle for hyperbolic-encounter PE with RIFT, but the mass-ratio prior inconsistency and biased recovery undermine the central accuracy claim. read the letter →

arxiv 2507.01156 v1 pith:DX3GKJD7 submitted 2025-07-01 gr-qc

Chad Henshaw , Jacob Lange , Peter Lott , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Laura Cadonati This is my paper · ORCID
classification gr-qc MSC 83C3583C57
keywords gravitationalwavesparameterestimationhyperbolicblackholeencounterseffective-one-bodywaveformsRIFTdynamicalcaptureCosmicExplorerscattering
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper shows that gravitational-wave parameter estimation can be extended from the familiar quasicircular merging binaries to hyperbolic black-hole encounters—short, one-shot bursts produced when two black holes pass close enough to scatter, briefly capture, or plunge directly into each other. The claim is that RIFT, a grid-based Bayesian inference algorithm, can accurately recover the masses, spins, and the two hyperbolic orbit parameters (system energy $E_0/M$ and angular momentum $p_0^\phi$ at a fiducial separation) when paired with the effective-one-body waveform model TEOBResumSDALI. The demonstration uses zero-noise scatter and plunge injections at signal-to-noise ratio $\sim42$ in a single detector with Cosmic Explorer design sensitivity, recovering the injected parameters within the stated credible regions. This matters because unbound black-hole encounters are expected in dense stellar environments and would open a new gravitational-wave channel, but current pipelines are optimized for quasi-circular inspirals.

What carries the argument

RIFT (Rapid Iterative FiTting) is a grid-based Bayesian algorithm that first marginalizes over the extrinsic parameters—distance, sky location, inclination, polarization, time, and phase—then iteratively interpolates the marginalized likelihood across the intrinsic parameter grid, using Bayes' theorem to produce posteriors. Its key property here is model-agnostic parallel evaluation, which lets it drive the slower effective-one-body model TEOBResumSDALI. That model generates waveforms for the three unbound-orbit classes—scatter, dynamical capture (zoom-whirl), and direct plunge—from the intrinsic parameters $(m_1,m_2,E_0/M,p_0^\phi,\chi_{1,z},\chi_{2,z})$, with $E_0/M$ the orbital energy and $p_0^\phi$ the angular momentum at the fiducial initial separation $r_0$. The machinery also includes class-dependent data conditioning: tapering of scatter waveforms (whose pre-event and post-event strain differ) and a peak-finding algorithm to identify the merger time for captures, where the peak strain occurs at the first flyby rather than at merger.

What would settle it

Inject waveforms from an independent numerical-relativity surrogate or Cauchy-characteristic extraction (not TEOBResumSDALI) with known parameters into the same Cosmic Explorer noise, run RIFT, and check whether the true values fall inside the 90% credible regions; a systematic offset would show that the reported accuracy is set by the waveform model rather than by the inference algorithm.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that RIFT—a grid-based, iterative Bayesian parameter-estimation code that marginalizes over extrinsic parameters—can recover the intrinsic parameters of hyperbolic black-hole encounters when paired with the effective-one-body waveform model TEOBResumSDALI. The paper demonstrates this with two zero-noise injections at signal-to-noise ratio $\sim42$ in a single detector with Cosmic Explorer design sensitivity: a scatter event ($E_0/M=1.01$, $p_0^\phi=4.40$) and a plunge event ($E_0/M=1.05$, $p_0^\phi=4.00$), both with equal masses of $20\,M_\odot$ and zero spin. For the scatter, the recovered total mass, energy, and angular momentum are tightly localized (the latter two spanning roughly 9% and 1% of their prior ranges); for the plunge, the energy and angular-momentum posteriors are wider and show a sharp likelihood cutoff interpreted as the physical separatrix between plunge and scatter. The paper concludes that parameter estimation of generic hyperbolic waveforms—scatters, dynamical captures, and plunges—is now possible with this infrastructure.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the same waveform model used to invent the test signals also describes real gravitational waves from hyperbolic encounters, so any systematic error in the model, particularly near the plunge-scatter boundary or from omitting higher modes, would bias all recovered parameters.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The same RIFT plus TEOBResumSDALI pipeline can be run on dynamical-capture (zoom-whirl) signals, not only on scatter and plunge events, because the model spans all three waveform classes in one continuous parameter space.
  • At design sensitivity, a single Cosmic Explorer detector can constrain the total mass to a few percent of the prior range for both scatter and plunge events at SNR $\sim42$; comparable Advanced LIGO recovery would require SNR $85+$.
  • The plunge recovery shows a sharp likelihood boundary at $p_0^\phi\approx4.6$ that is not a sampling edge but the physical transition from plunge to scatter, so the posterior itself can be used to classify the waveform family.
  • Because the model also includes tidal deformability, the same infrastructure can be extended to hyperbolic neutron-star or neutron-star–black-hole encounters, which could have electromagnetic counterparts.
  • Higher-order multipoles, especially the $(2,0)$ mode known to matter in scattering, are expected to break degeneracies in energy and mass ratio that remain in the plunge case.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Beyond the paper, a direct test of model systematics would be to inject waveforms from an independent numerical-relativity surrogate rather than TEOBResumSDALI itself; the paper's injections and recoveries use the same model, so the reported widths do not include waveform-model error.
  • The sharp separatrix in the plunge posterior suggests that for real loud events near $p_0^\phi\approx4.6$, a hierarchical or mixture treatment across waveform classes could be necessary; the paper does not implement this classification step.
  • The energy degeneracy in plunges implies that $E_0/M$ information is carried mainly by the pre-merger peak; measuring high-energy plunges may therefore be limited by the low-frequency sensitivity of the detector, a testable prediction for Cosmic Explorer's band.
  • One could extend the demonstration to a population study: generate a realistic distribution of hyperbolic encounters, run the pipeline, and compare recovered versus injected population hyperparameters to see whether selection effects from the separatrix bias inferred scattering-rate distributions.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 4 minor

Summary. The paper adapts the RIFT parameter-estimation code to the TEOBResumSDALI effective-one-body waveform model for hyperbolic black-hole encounters. It describes the intrinsic and extrinsic parameter space, discusses data-conditioning challenges for scatter, capture, and plunge waveforms, and presents zero-noise injection-recovery tests for one scatter and one plunge event at Cosmic Explorer design sensitivity, each with SNR ~ 42 and only the dominant (2,±2) mode. The authors report good recovery of total mass, energy, angular momentum, and effective spin, but the recovered mass ratio is centered near 0.82 for equal-mass injections in both cases. They conclude that parameter estimation of generic hyperbolic waveforms is now possible with RIFT.

Significance. The adaptation of a mature grid-based PE code to hyperbolic-encounter waveforms is a useful step, and if validated it would provide a practical tool for third-generation detectors. The paper's strengths include the use of a physically broad EOB model, explicit attention to waveform-class boundaries such as the plunge/scatter separatrix, and a clean zero-noise testbed that isolates pipeline behavior. However, the validation is self-referential (the same model generates the injections and serves as the recovery template), it uses only two examples in a single optimal detector configuration, and the mass-ratio results conflict with the abstract's accuracy claim. The infrastructure may well be sound, but the quantitative evidence presented does not yet establish unbiased recovery of all mass parameters.

major comments (3)
  1. [Results, mass-ratio paragraph and Fig. 2] For both zero-noise injections with q=1, the reported 90% credible intervals for q exclude the true value: the scatter gives q=0.8188^{+0.1574}_{-0.2586}, i.e. [0.560,0.976], and the plunge gives q=0.8113^{+0.1679}_{-0.2528}, i.e. [0.559,0.979]. Since the injections are noise-free and the recovery model is identical to the injection model, a correct prior and pipeline should place the true value well inside the credible interval. The abstract's claim that RIFT 'accurately recovers the mass' is therefore not supported for the mass ratio in either demonstrated case; the authors should re-examine the prior and sampling, or substantially soften the claim.
  2. [Methods, prior specification] The text defines q ≡ m2/m1 with m1 ≥ m2, which implies q ≤ 1, but then states the prior 'q∈{1.0,10.0}'. This is internally inconsistent. The reported posteriors (q < 1, with upper 90% bounds below 1) are consistent with a prior truncated at q=1, not with the stated q∈[1,10]. Please correct the prior definition or the reported range, and rerun the injections; the mass-ratio bias may be an artifact of this inconsistency.
  3. [Methods and Closing remarks] Because the injected signals are generated with the same TEOBResumSDALI model used for recovery and contain only the dominant (2,±2) mode, the study tests the self-consistency of the pipeline, not whether the model is faithful to the true waveforms from hyperbolic encounters. The closing-remarks claim that 'parameter estimation of generic hyperbolic waveforms is now possible' should be qualified accordingly, particularly since the authors themselves note that the (2,0) mode can be important for scattering and that higher-order modes would help break the mass-ratio degeneracy.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Methods, first paragraph] The text reads 'Finallyplunge events' and should be 'Finally, plunge events'.
  2. [Fig. 3 caption] The caption reads 'denote the the 5% and 95% percentiles'; the duplicate 'the' should be removed.
  3. [References] Reference [74] is cited for the statement that the (2,0) mode can be important in scattering systems, but the listed reference is about GW190521 as a merger of Proca stars and does not appear to support this statement; please verify and, if needed, replace the citation.
  4. [Abstract] The phrase 'hyperbolic orbit parameters: the system energy and angular momentum defined at a fiducial initial separation' has an awkward colon construction; consider rephrasing as 'namely, the system energy and angular momentum defined at a fiducial initial separation'.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: this is a self-consistency validation study whose claim tracks recovered injected parameters, not a fitted or self-cited derivation.

full rationale

The paper's derivation chain is a pipeline demonstration: RIFT with TEOBResumSDALI is run on two zero-noise injections, and the recovered posteriors are compared with the known injected values. No parameter is fitted to a subset of data and then presented as a prediction; the hyperbolic energy and angular momentum, masses, and spins are all recovered from the full simulated signal through the standard likelihood and prior. The use of the same waveform model for injection and recovery is a recognized limitation of self-consistency testing, but it does not make the recovery circular: the pipeline could have failed, and indeed the reported mass-ratio posteriors exclude the injected value q=1, demonstrating that the result is not forced. Citations to prior RIFT work are implementation background rather than load-bearing support for the present claim, and no uniqueness theorem or ansatz is imported from the authors' prior work. The paper explicitly flags its own modeling limitations, including the omission of higher-order modes and the (2,0) mode, which further shows the analysis is not presenting the model as a derived first-principles result. The exclusion of q=1 from the 90% credible intervals is a substantive correctness or prior-consistency concern, but it is not a circularity, so it does not affect this score.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim relies on the waveform model's fidelity, the choice of favorable injections, and the prior ranges. No new physics or entities are introduced.

free parameters (4)
  • Prior range for E0/M (scatter) = [1.0, 1.1]
    The paper sets this prior for the scatter injection. The posterior width is sensitive to this choice.
  • Prior range for p0_phi = [1.0, 10.0]
    The paper sets this prior for both injections. The plunge posterior shows a hard boundary at p0_phi ~4.6, which is physical but the prior is broad.
  • Prior range for mass ratio q = Stated [1.0, 10.0] but recovered values are <1
    The prior range in the text is inconsistent with the reported posteriors, suggesting a typo. This inconsistency affects the mass recovery claim.
  • Injected signal-to-noise ratio = ~42
    The injections are placed at dL=2000 Mpc with optimal orientation to produce SNR ~42. The recovery accuracy is likely SNR-dependent.
assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption TEOBResumSDALI accurately models gravitational waves from hyperbolic encounters.
    Used for both injection and recovery; any model error directly biases the recovered parameters. Invoked in Methods and Results.
  • domain assumption The zero-noise, optimally oriented injections are representative of real detections for validating the pipeline.
    The study uses zero-noise data, a single detector, and optimal orientation, which may not capture noise realization effects. Invoked in Results.
  • domain assumption The dominant (2,±2) mode is sufficient for parameter recovery.
    The paper evaluates only the (2,±2) mode, and acknowledges the (2,0) mode may be important for scattering (based on [74]). Invoked in Results.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Parameter estimation of gravitational waves from hyperbolic black hole encounters." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/DX3GKJD7

@misc{pith2026250701156,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Parameter estimation of gravitational waves from hyperbolic black hole encounters},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/DX3GKJD7}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2507.01156}
}
read the original abstract

Systems of two black holes with unbound orbits can produce a diverse array of gravitational wave signals with rich morphology. This parameter space encompasses both hyperbolic orbit scattering events and dynamical captures, including zoom-whirl orbits with multiple flybys and direct plunge mergers. These signals challenge traditional parameter estimation infrastructure, which is largely optimized for quasicircular inspiral binaries. In this work we discuss the adaptation of the Rapid Iterative FiTting (RIFT) algorithm to this problem using the TEOBResumSDALI waveform model which can simulate generic orbits. We present results from a study of simulated signals emulating a scatter and plunge event, utilizing the design sensitivity of the forthcoming Cosmic Explorer interferometer. Our analysis demonstrates that RIFT accurately recovers the mass, spins, and hyperbolic orbit parameters: the system energy and angular momentum defined at a fiducial initial separation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2507.01156 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Hyperbolic waveform morphology. The three columns from left to right correspond to the three waveform classes: scatter, dynamical capture, and plunge.The source encounters are simulated at the H1 zenith sky location with total mass 𝑀 = 20 𝑀⊙, mass ratio 𝑞 = 1, and zero spin at 𝑑𝐿 = 500 Mpc, and hyperbolic parameters 𝐸0/𝑀 = {1.01, 1.038, 1.051} , 𝑝0 𝜙 = {4.40, 4.70, 4.0} respectively. The top row displays the traject… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Parameter estimation results for simulated scatter (left panel) and plunge (right panel) signals with zero added noise at SNR∼ 42 from a single-detector network at the design sensitivity of Cosmic Explorer [38]. The 1-D histograms display posterior probability distributions for the parameters 𝑀, 𝑞, 𝐸0/𝑀, 𝑝0 𝜙 , 𝜒𝑒 𝑓 𝑓 and their 5% and 95% percentiles, while the 2-D plots display the distribution of marginalized like… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Similar plots to the 𝐸0/𝑀, 𝑝0 𝜙 panels in Fig.(2), this figure shows parameter estimation results for simulated scatter (top panel) and plunge (bottom panel) signals with zero added noise at SNR∼ 42 from a single-detector network at the design sensitivity of Cosmic Explorer [38]. The 1-D histograms display posterior probability distributions for the parameters 𝐸0/𝑀, 𝑝0 𝜙 and their 5% and 95% per￾centiles, while the … view at source ↗

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

75 extracted references · 24 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Ob- 6 served by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Sec- ond Observing Runs

    B. P. Abbott et al. “GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Ob- 6 served by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Sec- ond Observing Runs”. In: Phys. Rev. X 9.3 (2019), p. 031040. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevX . 9 . 031040. arXiv: 1811.12907 [astro-ph.HE]

    arXiv 2019

  2. [2]

    GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coales- cences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run

    R. Abbott et al. “GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coales- cences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run”. In: Phys. Rev. X 11 (2021), p. 021053. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.11. 021053. arXiv: 2010.14527 [gr-qc]

    arXiv 2021

  3. [3]

    GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run

    R. Abbott et al. “GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run”. In: Phys. Rev. D 109.2 (2024), p. 022001. doi: 10 . 1103/PhysRevD.109.022001 . arXiv: 2108.01045 [gr-qc]

    arXiv 2024

  4. [4]

    GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coales- cences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Sec- ond Part of the Third Observing Run

    R. Abbott et al. “GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coales- cences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Sec- ond Part of the Third Observing Run”. In: Phys. Rev. X 13.4 (2023), p. 041039. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.13. 041039. arXiv: 2111.03606 [gr-qc]

    arXiv 2023

  5. [5]

    Conference session APR-G07, chaired by Jennifer Driggers, at the APS Global Physics Summit 2025

    The First Ten Years of Gravitational Wave Observa- tions. Conference session APR-G07, chaired by Jennifer Driggers, at the APS Global Physics Summit 2025. Ana- heim Convention Center, Anaheim, CA, USA, March 18, 2025. American Physical Society, 2025

    work page 2025

  6. [6]

    All-sky search for short gravitational- wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

    R. Abbott et al. “All-sky search for short gravitational- wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run”. In: Physical Review D 104.12 (2021), p. 122004. issn: 24700029. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD. 104 . 122004. arXiv: 2107 . 03701. url: https : / / doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.122004

    doi:10.1103/physrevd 2021

  7. [7]

    All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

    R. Abbott et al. “All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run”. In:Physical Review D104.10 (2021), p. 102001. issn: 24700029. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD.104.102001 . url: https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevD.104.102001

    doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.102001 2021

  8. [8]

    Bursts of Gravitational Radiation from Active Galactic Nuclei and Globular Clusters

    I. G. Dymnikova, A. K. Popov, and A. S. Zentsova. “Bursts of Gravitational Radiation from Active Galactic Nuclei and Globular Clusters”. In: Astrophysics and Space Science 85.1-2 (July 1982), pp. 231–241. doi: 10.1007/BF00653445

    work page doi:10.1007/bf00653445 1982

Show all 75 references
  1. [9]

    The effect of encounters on the eccentricity of binaries in clus- ters

    Douglas C. Heggie and Frederic A. Rasio. “The effect of encounters on the eccentricity of binaries in clus- ters”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 282.3 (1996), pp. 1064–1084. issn: 00358711. doi: 10.1093/mnras/282.3.1064 . arXiv: 9506082 [astro-ph]

    1996 doi

  2. [10]

    Binary Mergers and Growth of Black Holes in Dense Star Clus- ters

    Ryan M. O’Leary, Frederic A. Rasio, John M. Fregeau, Natalia Ivanova, and Richard O’Shaughnessy. “Binary Mergers and Growth of Black Holes in Dense Star Clus- ters”. In: \apj 637.2 (Feb. 2006), pp. 937–951. doi: 10.1086/498446

    2006 doi

  3. [11]

    Detection Rate Estimates of Gravity Waves Emitted during Parabolic Encounters of Stellar Black Holes in Globular Clusters

    Bence Kocsis, Merse El ˝od G´asp´ar, and Szabolcs M´arka. “Detection Rate Estimates of Gravity Waves Emitted during Parabolic Encounters of Stellar Black Holes in Globular Clusters”. In: Astrophysical Journal 648.1 (Sept. 2006), pp. 411–429. doi: 10 . 1086 / 505641. arXiv: ast...

    2006 arXiv

  4. [12]

    Gravitational Waves from Hyperbolic Encounters

    Salvatore Capozziello, Mariafelicia de Laurentis, Francesco de Paolis, G. Ingrosso, and Achille Nucita. “Gravitational Waves from Hyperbolic Encounters”. In: Modern Physics Letters A23.2 (Jan. 2008), pp. 99–107. doi: 10 . 1142 / S0217732308026236. arXiv: 0801 . 0122 [gr-qc]

    2008

  5. [13]

    Binary Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters: Ex- ploring the Theoretical Uncertainties

    Sourav Chatterjee, Carl L. Rodriguez, and Frederic A. Rasio. “Binary Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters: Ex- ploring the Theoretical Uncertainties”. In: The Astro- physical Journal 834.1 (2017), p. 68. issn: 0004-637X. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/68 . arXiv: 1603. 00884. url:...

    2017 doi

  6. [14]

    Gravitational waves from scattering of stellar-mass black holes in galactic nuclei

    Ryan M. O’Leary, Bence Kocsis, and Abraham Loeb. “Gravitational waves from scattering of stellar-mass black holes in galactic nuclei”. In: Mon. Not. Roy. As- tron. Soc.395.4 (2009), pp. 2127–2146.doi: 10.1111/ j.1365- 2966.2009.14653.x . arXiv: 0807.2638 [astro-ph]

    2009

  7. [15]

    The Keplerian Three-body Encounter. I. Insights on the Origin of the S-stars and the G-objects in the Galac- tic Center

    Alessandro A. Trani, Michiko S. Fujii, and Mario Spera. “The Keplerian Three-body Encounter. I. Insights on the Origin of the S-stars and the G-objects in the Galac- tic Center”. In:The Astrophysical Journal875.1 (2019), p. 42. issn: 0004-637X. doi: 10.3847/1538- 4357/ ab0e70....

    2019 doi

  8. [16]

    The Keplerian Three-body En- counter. II. Comparisons with Isolated Encounters and Impact on Gravitational Wave Merger Timescales

    Alessandro A. Trani, Mario Spera, Nathan W. C. Leigh, and Michiko S. Fujii. “The Keplerian Three-body En- counter. II. Comparisons with Isolated Encounters and Impact on Gravitational Wave Merger Timescales”. In: The Astrophysical Journal 885.2 (2019), p. 135. issn: 0004-637X....

    2019 doi

  9. [17]

    Scattering of stellar-mass black holes and gravitational wave bremsstrahlung radiation in AGN disks

    Peter Lott et al. “Scattering of stellar-mass black holes and gravitational wave bremsstrahlung radiation in AGN disks”. 2024. arXiv: 2504.16457v2. 7

    2024 arXiv

  10. [18]

    Massive primordial black holes from hybrid inflation as dark matter and the seeds of galaxies

    S ´ebastien Clesse and Juan Garc ´ıa-Bellido. “Massive primordial black holes from hybrid inflation as dark matter and the seeds of galaxies”. In: Physical Re- view D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology 92.2 (2015), pp. 1–17. issn: 15502368. doi: 10.1103/ PhysRevD.9...

    2015 arXiv

  11. [19]

    Gravita- tional wave energy emission and detection rates of Primordial Black Hole hyperbolic encounters

    Juan Garc ´ıa-Bellido and Savvas Nesseris. “Gravita- tional wave energy emission and detection rates of Primordial Black Hole hyperbolic encounters”. In: Phys. Dark Univ. 21 (2018), pp. 61–69. doi: 10 . 1016/j.dark.2018.06.001 . arXiv: 1711.09702 [astro-ph.HE]

    2018 arXiv

  12. [20]

    The stochastic gravitational wave back- ground from close hyperbolic encounters of primordial black holes in dense clusters

    Juan Garc ´ıa-Bellido, Santiago Jaraba, and Sachiko Kuroyanagi. “The stochastic gravitational wave back- ground from close hyperbolic encounters of primordial black holes in dense clusters”. In: Phys. Dark Univ. 36 (2022), p. 101009. doi: 10 . 1016 / j . dark . 2022 . 101009. ...

    2022 arXiv

  13. [21]

    Gravitational radiation from point-masses in unbound orbits: Newtonian results

    M. Turner. “Gravitational radiation from point-masses in unbound orbits: Newtonian results.” In: Astrophys- ical Journal 216 (Sept. 1977), pp. 610–619. doi: 10. 1086/155501

    1977

  14. [22]

    Post-Newtonian gravita- tional bremsstrahlung

    M. Turner and C. M. Will. “Post-Newtonian gravita- tional bremsstrahlung.” In: Astrophysical Journal 220 (Mar. 1978), pp. 1107–1124. doi: 10.1086/155996

    1978 doi

  15. [23]

    The generation of gravitational waves. III. Derivation of bremsstrahlung formulae

    S. J. Kovacs and K. S. Thorne. “The generation of gravitational waves. III. Derivation of bremsstrahlung formulae.” In: Astrophysical Journal 217 (Oct. 1977), pp. 252–280. doi: 10.1086/155576

    1977 doi

  16. [24]

    The generation of gravitational waves. IV. Bremsstrahlung

    Jr. Kovacs S. J. and K. S. Thorne. “The generation of gravitational waves. IV. Bremsstrahlung.” In: As- trophysical Journal 224 (Aug. 1978), pp. 62–85. doi: 10.1086/156350

    1978 doi

  17. [25]

    Gravitational waves from stellar encounters

    Salvatore Capozziello and Mariafelicia De Laurentis. “Gravitational waves from stellar encounters”. In: As- tropart. Phys. 30 (2008), pp. 105–112. doi: 10.1016/ j . astropartphys . 2008 . 07 . 005. arXiv: 0806 . 4117 [astro-ph]

    2008

  18. [26]

    Gravitational wave energy spectrum of hyperbolic en- counters

    Lorenzo De Vittori, Philippe Jetzer, and Antoine Klein. “Gravitational wave energy spectrum of hyperbolic en- counters”. In: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology 86.4 (2012), pp. 1–8. issn: 15507998. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD . 86 . 044017. arXiv: 1207.5359

    2012 arXiv

  19. [27]

    Strong-field scattering of two black holes: Numerics versus analytics

    Thibault Damour et al. “Strong-field scattering of two black holes: Numerics versus analytics”. In: Physical Review D89.8 (2014), p. 081503.issn: 1550-7998. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.081503. arXiv: 1402.7307. url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD.89.081503

    2014 arXiv

  20. [28]

    Gravitational waves from spinning compact binaries in hyperbolic orbits

    Lorenzo De Vittori, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Anu- radha Gupta, and Philippe Jetzer. “Gravitational waves from spinning compact binaries in hyperbolic orbits”. In: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravita- tion and Cosmology 90.12 (2014), pp. 1–16. issn: 15502368. doi: 10 . ...

    2014 arXiv

  21. [29]

    Gravitational waves from com- pact binaries in post-Newtonian accurate hyperbolic or- bits

    Gihyuk Cho, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Maria Haney, and Hyung Mok Lee. “Gravitational waves from com- pact binaries in post-Newtonian accurate hyperbolic or- bits”. In: Phys. Rev. D98.2 (2018), p. 024039. doi: 10. 1103 / PhysRevD . 98 . 024039. arXiv: 1807 . 02380 [gr-qc]

    2018

  22. [30]

    A note on the grav- itational wave energy spectrum of parabolic and hyper- bolic encounters

    Matthias Gr ¨obner, Philippe Jetzer, Maria Haney, Shub- hanshu Tiwari, and Wako Ishibashi. “A note on the grav- itational wave energy spectrum of parabolic and hyper- bolic encounters”. In: Classical and Quantum Gravity 37.6 (2020). issn: 13616382. doi: 10 . 1088 / 1361 - 6382...

    2020 arXiv

  23. [31]

    Effective-one-body wave- forms from dynamical captures in black hole binaries

    Alessandro Nagar, Piero Rettegno, Rossella Gamba, and Sebastiano Bernuzzi. “Effective-one-body wave- forms from dynamical captures in black hole binaries”. In: Phys. Rev. D 103.6 (2021), p. 064013. doi: 10 . 1103/PhysRevD.103.064013 . arXiv: 2009.12857 [gr-qc]

    2021 arXiv

  24. [32]

    Strong-field scattering of two black holes: Numerical relativity meets post-Minkowskian gravity

    Thibault Damour and Piero Rettegno. “Strong-field scattering of two black holes: Numerical relativity meets post-Minkowskian gravity”. In: Phys. Rev. D 107.6 (2023), p. 064051. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD. 107.064051. arXiv: 2211.01399 [gr-qc]

    2023 arXiv

  25. [33]

    GW190521 as a dynamical capture of two nonspinning black holes

    R. Gamba et al. “GW190521 as a dynamical capture of two nonspinning black holes”. In:Nature Astronomy 7.1 (2022), pp. 11–17.issn: 2397-3366. doi: 10.1038/ s41550 - 022 - 01813 - w. arXiv: 2106 . 05575. url: https : / / www . nature . com / articles / s41550 - 022-01813-w

    2022

  26. [34]

    Search for black hole hyperbolic encounters with gravitational wave detectors

    Gonzalo Morr ´as, Juan Garc ´ıa-Bellido, and Savvas Nesseris. “Search for black hole hyperbolic encounters with gravitational wave detectors”. In:Phys. Dark Univ. 35 (2022), p. 100932. doi: 10.1016/j.dark.2021. 100932. arXiv: 2110.08000 [astro-ph.HE]. 8

    2022 arXiv

  27. [35]

    Search for hyperbolic encounters of compact objects in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA ob- serving run

    Sophie Bini et al. “Search for hyperbolic encounters of compact objects in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA ob- serving run”. In: Phys. Rev. D109.4 (2024), p. 042009. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.109.042009. arXiv: 2311. 06630 [gr-qc]

    2024 doi

  28. [36]

    Gravitational wave observatories may be able to de- tect hyperbolic encounters of black holes

    Sajal Mukherjee, Sanjit Mitra, and Sourav Chatterjee. “Gravitational wave observatories may be able to de- tect hyperbolic encounters of black holes”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508.4 (Sept. 2021), pp. 5064–5073.issn: 0035-8711.doi: 10.1093/ mnras / ...

    2021 doi

  29. [37]

    Exploring the sensitivity of next generation gravitational wave detectors

    B. P. Abbott et al. “Exploring the sensitivity of next generation gravitational wave detectors”. In: Classical and Quantum Gravity34.4 (2017).issn: 13616382.doi: 10.1088/1361-6382/aa51f4. arXiv: 1607.08697

    2017 arXiv

  30. [38]

    Cosmic Explorer: The U.S. Con- tribution to Gravitational-Wave Astronomy beyond LIGO

    David Reitze et al. “Cosmic Explorer: The U.S. Con- tribution to Gravitational-Wave Astronomy beyond LIGO”. In: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. Vol. 51. Sept. 2019, 35, p. 35. doi: 10 . 48550 / arXiv . 1907 . 04833. arXiv: 1907 . 04833 [astro-ph.IM]

    2019

  31. [39]

    A Horizon Study for Cosmic Ex- plorer: Science, Observatories, and Community

    Matthew Evans et al. “A Horizon Study for Cosmic Ex- plorer: Science, Observatories, and Community”. 2021. arXiv: 2109.09882. url: http://arxiv.org/abs/ 2109.09882

    2021 arXiv

  32. [40]

    Cosmic Explorer: A Next-Generation Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Observatory

    Evan D. Hall. “Cosmic Explorer: A Next-Generation Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Observatory”. In: Galaxies 10.4 (2022). issn: 2075-4434. doi: 10.3390/ galaxies10040090. url: https://www.mdpi.com/ 2075-4434/10/4/90

    2022

  33. [41]

    The Einstein Telescope: A third- generation gravitational wave observatory

    M. Punturo et al. “The Einstein Telescope: A third- generation gravitational wave observatory”. In: Classi- cal and Quantum Gravity27.19 (2010).issn: 13616382. doi: 10.1088/0264-9381/27/19/194002

    2010 doi

  34. [42]

    Sensitivity studies for third-generation gravitational wave observatories

    S Hild et al. “Sensitivity studies for third-generation gravitational wave observatories”. In: Classical and Quantum Gravity 28.9 (2011), p. 094013. doi: 10 . 1088/0264- 9381/28/9/094013 . url: https:// dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/28/9/094013

    2011 doi

  35. [43]

    Gravitational radiation and the motion of two point masses

    P. C. Peters and J. Matthews. “Gravitational radiation and the motion of two point masses”. In: Physical Re- view 131.6 (1963), pp. 435–439. url: https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRev.131.435

    1963 doi

  36. [44]

    The Collapse of Dense Star Clusters to Supermassive Black Holes: Binaries and Gravitational Radiation

    Gerald D. Quinlan and Stuart L. Shapiro. “The Collapse of Dense Star Clusters to Supermassive Black Holes: Binaries and Gravitational Radiation”. In: Astrophysi- cal Journal 321 (Oct. 1987), p. 199. doi: 10.1086/ 165624

    1987

  37. [45]

    Dynami- cal Evolution of Dense Clusters of Compact Stars

    Gerald D. Quinlan and Stuart L. Shapiro. “Dynami- cal Evolution of Dense Clusters of Compact Stars”. In: Astrophysical Journal 343 (Aug. 1989), p. 725. doi: 10.1086/167745

    1989 doi

  38. [46]

    Eccentric black hole mergers and zoom-whirl behavior from elliptic in- spirals to hyperbolic encounters

    Roman Gold and Bernd Br¨ ugmann. “Eccentric black hole mergers and zoom-whirl behavior from elliptic in- spirals to hyperbolic encounters”. In: Phys. Rev. D 88 (6 2013), p. 064051. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.88. 064051. url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103/PhysRevD.88.064051

    2013 doi

  39. [47]

    Observing complete gravitational wave signals from dynamical capture binaries

    William E. East, Sean T. McWilliams, Janna Levin, and Frans Pretorius. “Observing complete gravitational wave signals from dynamical capture binaries”. In: Phys. Rev. D 87 (4 2013), p. 043004. doi: 10.1103/ PhysRevD.87.043004 . url: https://link.aps. org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.043004

    2013 doi

  40. [48]

    Gravitational scattering, post- Minkowskian approximation, and effective-one-body theory

    Thibault Damour. “Gravitational scattering, post- Minkowskian approximation, and effective-one-body theory”. In: Phys. Rev. D 94 (10 2016), p. 104015. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.104015 . url: https: //link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.94. 104015

    2016 doi

  41. [49]

    Gravitational scat- tering of two black holes at the fourth post-Newtonian approximation

    Donato Bini and Thibault Damour. “Gravitational scat- tering of two black holes at the fourth post-Newtonian approximation”. In:Phys. Rev. D96 (6 2017), p. 064021. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.064021 . url: https: //link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.96. 064021

    2017 doi

  42. [50]

    High-energy gravitational scatter- ing and the general relativistic two-body problem

    Thibault Damour. “High-energy gravitational scatter- ing and the general relativistic two-body problem”. In: Phys. Rev. D 97 (4 2018), p. 044038. doi: 10.1103/ PhysRevD.97.044038 . url: https://link.aps. org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.044038

    2018 doi

  43. [51]

    Third post-Newtonian gravitational radi- ation from two-body scattering. II. Hereditary energy radiation

    Gihyuk Cho. “Third post-Newtonian gravitational radi- ation from two-body scattering. II. Hereditary energy radiation”. In: Phys. Rev. D 105 (10 2022), p. 104035. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.104035. url: https: //link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.105. 104035

    2022 doi

  44. [52]

    Next genera- tion: Impact of high-order analytical information on ef- fective one body waveform models for noncircularized, spin-aligned black hole binaries

    Alessandro Nagar and Piero Rettegno. “Next genera- tion: Impact of high-order analytical information on ef- fective one body waveform models for noncircularized, spin-aligned black hole binaries”. In: Phys. Rev. D 104 9 (10 2021), p. 104004. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.104. 104004. ...

    2021 doi

  45. [53]

    Effective one-body multipolar waveform model for spin-aligned, quasicircular, eccentric, hyperbolic black hole binaries

    Alessandro Nagar, Alice Bonino, and Piero Rettegno. “Effective one-body multipolar waveform model for spin-aligned, quasicircular, eccentric, hyperbolic black hole binaries”. In: Phys. Rev. D 103 (10 2021), p. 104021. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.103.104021 . url: https : / / link . ...

    2021 doi

  46. [54]

    Energetics and scattering of gravitational two-body systems at fourth post- Minkowskian order

    Mohammed Khalil, Alessandra Buonanno, Jan Stein- hoff, and Justin Vines. “Energetics and scattering of gravitational two-body systems at fourth post- Minkowskian order”. In: Phys. Rev. D 106 (2 2022), p. 024042. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.106.024042 . url: https : / / link . aps . ...

    2022 doi

  47. [55]

    Gravitational Wave Capture in Spinning Black Hole Encounters

    Yeong-Bok Bae, Hyung Mok Lee, and Gungwon Kang. “Gravitational Wave Capture in Spinning Black Hole Encounters”. In:Astrophys. J.900.2 (2020), p. 175.doi: 10.3847/1538- 4357/aba82b . arXiv: 2007.14019 [gr-qc]

    2020 arXiv

  48. [56]

    Ringdown Gravitational Waves from Close Scattering of Two Black Holes

    Yeong-Bok Bae, Young-Hwan Hyun, and Gungwon Kang. “Ringdown Gravitational Waves from Close Scattering of Two Black Holes”. In:Phys. Rev. Lett.132 (26 2024), p. 261401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 132.261401 . url: https://link.aps.org/doi/ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.261401

    2024 doi

  49. [57]

    Toward numerical-relativity in- formed effective-one-body waveforms for dynamical capture black hole binaries

    Tomas Andrade et al. “Toward numerical-relativity in- formed effective-one-body waveforms for dynamical capture black hole binaries”. In: Phys. Rev. D 109 (8 2024), p. 084025. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD . 109 . 084025. url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103/PhysRev...

    2024

  50. [58]

    Induced spins from scattering experiments of initially nonspinning black holes

    Patrick E. Nelson, Zachariah B. Etienne, Sean T. McWilliams, and Viviana Nguyen. “Induced spins from scattering experiments of initially nonspinning black holes”. In: Phys. Rev. D 100 (12 2019), p. 124045. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.124045. url: https: //link.aps.org/doi/10.110...

    2019 doi

  51. [59]

    Black hole induced spins from hyperbolic encounters in dense clusters

    Santiago Jaraba and Juan Garc ´ıa-Bellido. “Black hole induced spins from hyperbolic encounters in dense clusters”. In: Physics of the Dark Universe 34 (2021), p. 100882. issn: 22126864. doi: 10.1016/j.dark. 2021.100882 . arXiv: 2106.01436 . url: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.dar...

    2021

  52. [60]

    Numerical-relativity surrogate model for hyperbolic encounters of black holes: Chal- lenges in parameter estimation

    Joan Fontbut ´e et al. “Numerical-relativity surrogate model for hyperbolic encounters of black holes: Chal- lenges in parameter estimation”. In: Phys. Rev. D 111 (4 2025), p. 044024. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.111. 044024. url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103/PhysRe...

    2025 doi

  53. [61]

    Novel scheme for rapid parallel pa- rameter estimation of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences

    C. Pankow, P. Brady, E. Ochsner, and R. O’Shaughnessy. “Novel scheme for rapid parallel pa- rameter estimation of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences”. In: Phys. Rev. D 92 (2 2015), p. 023002. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD . 92 . 023002. url: https : / / link . ap...

    2015

  54. [62]

    Rapid and accurate parameter inference for coalescing, precessing compact binaries

    Jacob Lange, Richard O’Shaughnessy, and Monica Rizzo. “Rapid and accurate parameter inference for coalescing, precessing compact binaries”. In: (2018). arXiv: 1805.10457. url: http://arxiv.org/abs/ 1805.10457

    2018 arXiv

  55. [63]

    Improving performance for gravitational-wave parameter inference with an efficient and highly-parallelized algorithm

    J. Wofford et al. “Improving performance for gravitational-wave parameter inference with an efficient and highly-parallelized algorithm”. In:Phys. Rev. D107 (2 2023), p. 024040. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.107. 024040. url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103/PhysRevD.107.024040

    2023 doi

  56. [64]

    Faithful analytical effective-one-body waveform model for spin- aligned, moderately eccentric, coalescing black hole bi- naries

    Danilo Chiaramello and Alessandro Nagar. “Faithful analytical effective-one-body waveform model for spin- aligned, moderately eccentric, coalescing black hole bi- naries”. In: Phys. Rev. D 101 (10 2020), p. 101501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.101501. url: https: //link.aps.org/d...

    2020 doi

  57. [65]

    Effective- one-body waveform model for noncircularized, planar, coalescing black hole binaries: The importance of radia- tion reaction

    Alessandro Nagar, Rossella Gamba, Piero Rettegno, Veronica Fantini, and Sebastiano Bernuzzi. “Effective- one-body waveform model for noncircularized, planar, coalescing black hole binaries: The importance of radia- tion reaction”. In:Phys. Rev. D110 (8 2024), p. 084001. doi: 1...

    2024 doi

  58. [66]

    Visualization of time-frequency struc- tures in gravitational wave signals

    Chad Henshaw, Megan Arogeti, Alice Heranval, and Laura Cadonati. “Visualization of time-frequency struc- tures in gravitational wave signals”. 2024. arXiv:2402. 16533 [gr-qc]

    2024

  59. [67]

    Prospects for observing and localiz- ing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

    B. P. Abbott et al. “Prospects for observing and localiz- ing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA”. In:Living Rev. Rel. 19 (2016), p. 1. doi: 10.1007/s41114- 020- 00026- 9. arXiv: 1304.0670 [gr-qc]. 10

    2016 arXiv

  60. [68]

    Advanced LIGO

    J Aasi et al. “Advanced LIGO”. In: Classical and Quan- tum Gravity 32.7 (2015), p. 074001. doi: 10 . 1088 / 0264 - 9381 / 32 / 7 / 074001. url: https : / / doi . org/10.1088/0264-9381/32/7/074001

    2015 doi

  61. [69]

    Inspiral, merger, and ringdown of unequal mass black hole binaries: A multipolar anal- ysis

    Emanuele Berti et al. “Inspiral, merger, and ringdown of unequal mass black hole binaries: A multipolar anal- ysis”. In:Phys. Rev. D76 (6 2007), p. 064034.doi: 10. 1103/PhysRevD.76.064034 . url: https://link. aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.76.064034

    2007 doi

  62. [70]

    Statistical and systematic errors for gravitational-wave inspiral signals: A principal compo- nent analysis

    Frank Ohme, Alex B. Nielsen, Drew Keppel, and An- drew Lundgren. “Statistical and systematic errors for gravitational-wave inspiral signals: A principal compo- nent analysis”. In:Phys. Rev. D88 (4 2013), p. 042002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.042002 . url: https: //link.aps.org/d...

    2013 doi

  63. [71]

    Parameter estimation with a spinning multi- mode waveform model

    Chinmay Kalaghatgi, Mark Hannam, and Vivien Ray- mond. “Parameter estimation with a spinning multi- mode waveform model”. In:Phys. Rev. D101 (10 2020), p. 103004. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.103004 . url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD.101.103004

    2020 doi

  64. [72]

    Measuring gravitational-wave higher-order multipoles

    Cameron Mills and Stephen Fairhurst. “Measuring gravitational-wave higher-order multipoles”. In: Phys. Rev. D 103 (2 2021), p. 024042. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevD.103.024042 . url: https://link.aps. org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.024042

    2021 doi

  65. [73]

    Detectability of dense-environment effects on black-hole mergers: The scalar field case, higher-order ringdown modes, and parameter biases

    Samson H. W. Leong, Juan Calder ´on Bustillo, Miguel Gracia-Linares, and Pablo Laguna. “Detectability of dense-environment effects on black-hole mergers: The scalar field case, higher-order ringdown modes, and parameter biases”. In: Phys. Rev. D 108 (12 2023), p. 124079. doi: ...

    2023 doi

  66. [74]

    GW190521 as a Merger of Proca Stars: A Potential New Vector Boson of 8.7× 10−13 eV

    Juan Calder ´on Bustillo et al. “GW190521 as a Merger of Proca Stars: A Potential New Vector Boson of 8.7× 10−13 eV”. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (8 2021), p. 081101. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevLett . 126 . 081101. url: https : / / link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103/PhysRevLett.126.081101

    2021

  67. [75]

    Shattering flares during close encoun- ters of neutron stars

    David Tsang. “Shattering flares during close encoun- ters of neutron stars”. In: Astrophysical Journal 777.2 (2013). issn: 15384357. doi: 10.1088/0004- 637X/ 777/2/103. arXiv: 1307.3554. 11

    2013 arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed August 6, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.