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Evaluating Frontier Models for Stealth and Situational Awareness

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arxiv 2505.01420 v4 pith:E2S2WS2I submitted 2025-05-02 cs.LG

Evaluating Frontier Models for Stealth and Situational Awareness

classification cs.LG
keywords evaluationsschemingawarenessdeploymentfrontiermodelmodelssituational
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recent work has demonstrated the plausibility of frontier AI models scheming -- knowingly and covertly pursuing an objective misaligned with its developer's intentions. Such behavior could be very hard to detect, and if present in future advanced systems, could pose severe loss of control risk. It is therefore important for AI developers to rule out harm from scheming prior to model deployment. In this paper, we present a suite of scheming reasoning evaluations measuring two types of reasoning capabilities that we believe are prerequisites for successful scheming: First, we propose five evaluations of ability to reason about and circumvent oversight (stealth). Second, we present eleven evaluations for measuring a model's ability to instrumentally reason about itself, its environment and its deployment (situational awareness). We demonstrate how these evaluations can be used as part of a scheming inability safety case: a model that does not succeed on these evaluations is almost certainly incapable of causing severe harm via scheming in real deployment. We run our evaluations on current frontier models and find that none of them show concerning levels of either situational awareness or stealth.

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