Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2503.22682.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2503.22682 v2

Coverage vector

measured 49 of 49 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.811134Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

49 of 49 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy3
unresolved42
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5c5e801a-b1d8-429f-8297-a7fed6c7c43c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.445960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation f2b1628e-040e-4e51-8321-5539f9a81208 · outbound

This paper cites V ., Nigrelli, S.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties V ., Nigrelli, S

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.435300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 80c0018e-095e-4b89-a7cd-1dffc239fb32 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.424173Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 2b78755d-1163-4759-9b6a-f6cf51b3776f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.413393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation dca14f9f-2429-4dac-8cd6-99e3686a3319 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.402434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 75ab0423-fc1b-4532-ad10-b78a24fd5268 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.391224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation edc0a5be-31e7-4ab4-aaf3-808722512acc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.379785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 36bae387-d7b7-46ae-9f85-8afd839b29f0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.369137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation d83b036b-fb75-4fbd-85cd-71fbb5f3c898 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.358238Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 7b4f33d4-71d1-4300-a443-00c3f0240fef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.347711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 70937e82-be97-468e-8d9a-a3090d0ccf09 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.336260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 4396b2ac-0edd-4e04-9f04-cc7808cda3a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.322489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 48406065-1f74-45fe-96a9-0814cd3eb4fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.310925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation bc14d5c0-8d52-41d4-93da-ef60f4554898 · outbound

This paper cites Sept tombeaux à l'est de la Grande Pyramide de Guizeh.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Sept tombeaux à l'est de la Grande Pyramide de Guizeh

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.299191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation bb781b9c-fbaf-48f7-aee6-29105e105b0b · outbound

This paper cites The Monuments of Sneferu at Dahshur.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties The Monuments of Sneferu at Dahshur

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.287722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 4caef296-d70c-4900-ac71-750c12b8bc44 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.274919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 11423fb4-bb6c-4067-b585-cade5451ee6d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.262613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation ab0b7d6e-68d1-4ab4-a8a2-d2cbfc376ed8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.250179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation d15402d7-867b-4310-8a14-41f45c39f59d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.237036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 9d576023-4ecd-410c-9ea0-2e1ea960ba02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.224155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation dbc71b27-589d-4649-97f1-1d668cbba55d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.211923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 38acd940-3807-45d9-8a80-9a1ed7c5e000 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.200297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 73c98392-eae8-4260-a061-ce941f2b024f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.187120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 684a89a5-46ce-4aa3-a3df-ce0af94c1da4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.174028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 196a0db3-b649-44b7-8b27-b71b9b0ef1b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.162075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 2543ca50-c350-4613-874f-a506fe111193 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.150976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 3ad31eec-e51e-441a-a588-0c4f30613603 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.138808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 750b1ca4-a4c1-4e50-b36d-cd7161ca4e0c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.127236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 03645b6f-0f11-40cb-a2dd-0c117637488f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.114168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 6943db8f-2a8a-4059-93de-024ac9d80008 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.101977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 9ce8db6e-61ac-422e-be0b-2f44a55102d4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.090105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 9d836713-b2da-4c4b-b086-e9a43f065b9b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.078639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation de34353e-e99a-4b9e-bcae-a1fa9e88a39a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.066632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 3fa922d2-254b-47ad-814d-4e3f84d3de75 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.054884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 62937009-195f-4414-84a3-b4434e589405 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.043140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 4ade03d9-db80-40d8-b608-04c7244d9123 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.032155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 121b579e-9f43-4313-9714-552fa2ba21db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.020424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation fae507dd-3653-445c-bfd7-50d7fd652c02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:12.004947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 891bdca6-9a56-4f1c-8ca6-7d2ca8bd0c2b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.991045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 65d3b281-b645-4804-a86a-caaeba7743eb · outbound

This paper cites Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure Pyramids and the Sun.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure Pyramids and the Sun

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.901141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation d397718a-4187-4ef9-a737-65be8a192629 · outbound

This paper cites Two Egyptian Kings, Shepseskaf and Userkaf, and a solar eclipse (2471 BC).

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Two Egyptian Kings, Shepseskaf and Userkaf, and a solar eclipse (2471 BC)

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.882614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation c08a7edb-a77d-47d4-8736-350addd0f5ec · outbound

This paper cites Timekeeping at Akhet Khufu, as shown by the Diary of Merer.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Timekeeping at Akhet Khufu, as shown by the Diary of Merer

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.863186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 1517ef4c-ee4a-4192-a603-ff06ade95be3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.844609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 2d82e9c5-1b03-4adb-87ba-8c87ce656c5b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.977548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 237c5741-2f20-4d99-9013-14d1c8cc9159 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.962813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 20dee879-bd3d-40a0-8fab-ac45ba743b23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.950465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 4dc3b184-19be-434b-a26b-edb05ba616f9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.938447Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 463f5e98-43ce-4a9d-b287-049b3bf6b84e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.926532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation cb0b8c01-3786-4645-9467-6354fb7fcc99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Orientation of Entrance and Burial Chamber in the Pyramids of the Egyptian Fourth and Fifth Dynasties Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T05:11:11.913100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.