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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.19121.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19121 v2

Coverage vector

measured 54 of 54 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:02.780673Z

measured 55 of 55 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T22:22:08.501322Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T22:22:08.802546Z

Reference resolution

54 of 54 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy1
  • unresolved53
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d9b6d6df-3085-40d0-8ad5-0e54546ee8e9 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:57.748876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:57.748876Z digest=sha256:2f24105ed0849e02d0fe80c2ad96bbe12bf27383a0d9f63a1ba812cf96ac1cef

Observation a71421a4-ef1b-46a0-88a8-74c72466bb96 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:10.572003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:57.859212Z digest=sha256:eab6b13f7656bd416e1a8598d63cbe4a44bffcc68fff86f42261bba37374a0b5

Observation 0c225f0b-798d-436f-98d1-63f17b81022b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:10.366864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:57.917866Z digest=sha256:487159139d240f18061ddabd10cf6874d506d54fc1acaa7df18227051131ce06

Observation c7d3ba92-f385-400a-a79b-23918b1253c2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:10.226314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:57.971449Z digest=sha256:879676a1c2cfd98276a615993bc41a692eceeddefe748ca0d627eb2ca621b75f

Observation 2b9603d7-98b2-45e1-8ef8-244530926e3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:10.136300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.110212Z digest=sha256:74894b48b24712d7e43e4424986bef6747a25a27a2c6c3b7a8dba34c677b0d4e

Observation cbecfce7-c79e-48a3-b5f1-9035c4475b51 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.942620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.233784Z digest=sha256:422ba174eca199b111e89d6b4c6c2f529f0c69473d37d3d56e99f3b192fae613

Observation 1585b56b-aaa6-4083-a2d2-60068e8ec2e7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.836371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.284216Z digest=sha256:2619124baba8ea49f521b2a6b53e382f7153fdb41170bcc583810b7c28f1a9cf

Observation 586d0e9f-5c36-4508-b3c5-fff15c9302f3 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:58.365039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.365039Z digest=sha256:c47209c75c3392f15a871fcb6515e032ae60819a11a11304fa97ce9cef56367f

Observation 121b4ac0-b72f-4880-b289-461502236791 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.713774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.456822Z digest=sha256:2d3f2aae42194b2429acfd5f1f230156cd8c35e0e7460cb53b9330596c47ea25

Observation ed789331-5787-4141-9c15-7a57dd8c7e84 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.595896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.560261Z digest=sha256:a4d222b1d22fabfcca47273d8162d10e2fed5f68f70dbc18025341b4604a568a

Observation a3bf7300-ae78-491b-b7ab-116c74efb29e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.463277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.654134Z digest=sha256:c23ec18d7f86d53b636ad6598d8377ae0f03aa7c41a244a34161bb2dcc4febf1

Observation ab433064-1ce8-4852-be97-082aaf999d34 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.338054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.747646Z digest=sha256:4717d804a7e1ca3c4e8cf3167d0a5cf9069ed4fa58368f42d517344f9b24eb15

Observation 889a16e3-e474-4476-927b-d50f42e2e31b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.259998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.839923Z digest=sha256:3b6eceb8d6cd9489cd1f2075f83ada4f0cda9187d9920a6d33bfd63c063585fc

Observation 803b47d2-15ec-48db-94a0-9e3d899e2950 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:58.929257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:58.929257Z digest=sha256:3609eab6fcfa4d19d88f023dd1c0ae1fa0dd9403dfca2796bda54bacbabd3e65

Observation 64139fc5-5445-4d53-8a79-81b1647786e2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.130473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.040709Z digest=sha256:52cf3a61c1415a1ad3a3caa28ce3cd181b8476efb73a7d321d3dba04d48712b8

Observation e98fc3ca-fb60-4618-b170-d1267d821102 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Mistral 7B

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:59.119995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.119995Z digest=sha256:bf339b755614fcecb463a3dcb5732a8fc04569d51dfd044b8a538d7e93c67eee

Observation b03efc23-5db7-4308-9580-c28ce9e2008f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:09.000509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.232610Z digest=sha256:6bdf986d2c876541313ccf61424def221d18609b81ab63db4d0727bbb734f974

Observation 02148ffe-3c8c-4148-a875-1d0ed35b43db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:08.847856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.318151Z digest=sha256:8991422044d74ec4d4b4f0c882b3ba84667d8336e219937dcb65810addbfffb0

Observation 767417b6-ef7e-4a45-8297-6d1a8a1fa665 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:59.427713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.427713Z digest=sha256:8ba96dcde1c8ae8bdf696c3b7a3c85257c09f25a41f23784b03f93bd4de23a06

Observation d505b07b-8693-418a-b8cf-771aa89b29de · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:59.530524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.530524Z digest=sha256:779d7cdcfda58d20097e095fa8501fd1332b64ff5d8f5660b5433a2b7ba1c23a

Observation ea85d832-c3be-429c-96f7-884e30c5a38c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:07.816557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.586365Z digest=sha256:f18bf82fdb50c47bf4990fe33647abeef711445098f742898924156e2b220f79

Observation 615c2593-9c11-4706-aa54-81b4ffb52d59 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:07.584087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.620074Z digest=sha256:0f8416c4508ce5b1f3126ebdf0176a5501c62da5112ebb2f9b0a11b435fc085f

Observation b9861160-178a-4cbd-b320-d465cdc5c87d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:07.441543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.661233Z digest=sha256:926e379273a27b53e83e9c14323bdba15bc6ca8f0cc359aafd87b36d8638f3bf

Observation a5faeb88-a3d8-4623-916c-f3eaccb19017 · outbound

This paper cites Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:59.747797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.747797Z digest=sha256:15e3ca00f8e3670dc1d414e0024aaa9a866115b821d3eccbe1b9566cfa7b0ed2

Observation 5e67b882-91e0-4a5c-b200-649aec656e37 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:07.348158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.825891Z digest=sha256:c3cc00b34c18bc4d454a13958311882e514c75ac161e8da8446090555621f740

Observation ae4b5746-7f0a-446e-85b4-494cd7d817d6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:59.868837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.868837Z digest=sha256:9695631582dab21a3c6ff5666a37d03ef7c96d43cc91cb1ca81c5454470f2485

Observation 8668caec-00b4-4ec5-9b2a-31bda7216b69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:25:59.933691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.933691Z digest=sha256:b2f677a81816a33598066ae0768fc0617b5ecb1e32d3e700100ac4e994fa076e

Observation 791f249f-a74c-4743-aecf-93ba6d5f748e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:07.223319Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:25:59.978097Z digest=sha256:2678ef97acd83d5ca3ae1acc8e5e8f45d43fd84e8f3112a84ff3814f34c157e4

Observation 20933e57-f4b1-4c07-8b63-d13858fe3f82 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:07.074487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.110526Z digest=sha256:7dfb81ae869a3b295a23ba5080f7b002a542fffcd3f554baf6106517d00c0d32

Observation 7fb904f6-e47b-4196-a6aa-ad072f40cbb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.940517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.163507Z digest=sha256:697ace84437daca277524bb10994da778a5a9ef1a1512f3b78c084a0e6ed1e89

Observation 55ab532f-1249-48ec-9fe7-5403bc237bba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.799798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.198621Z digest=sha256:3dc1954bd29f9efd5603a98d610380f028e0807821066adaec7c77ffee760f60

Observation 6f8244d8-19f5-4c03-8b42-c13d3290f7af · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:00.307490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.307490Z digest=sha256:55cdfdbf11309a787a8b2294ed9680e2af77a4ed0786e1de57a41ba6b93b4eca

Observation f3b15e64-ccdc-4871-8965-d1d87888161d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.670258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.399754Z digest=sha256:fc75eb41619683cb4b1d458f222f13015c76fbd21e24f95600a740dcf46cc189

Observation 0b755be1-65ba-4aa6-92ea-af6e74f07a01 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.519320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.474914Z digest=sha256:ac74d7042ddb85e62ce7eb996f23c4c5518b31e3f416b90937a7c1d1dcc895d0

Observation eecac05c-edf6-47c5-bce8-125de7d96ff9 · outbound

This paper cites Smith, and Yejin Choi.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Smith, and Yejin Choi

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.369666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.568085Z digest=sha256:b35d69ce38da4cc97d8902fc34c026eb40428d9bdd5cbeab18c55098e12504ff

Observation 55383c79-44c9-40cd-ab47-144017f0db6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.235963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.652204Z digest=sha256:b96dadad4ee98425cabef887346cbb699d71248ce8ea9c0636adde72362b6bb7

Observation 65c52025-9fee-4700-8a62-794f4a68ae69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:06.082730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.738994Z digest=sha256:8f41090f9428a9d0a3638c46235ec1488436c5afb8a86f98c7adec4495455cfc

Observation 4b3ae3b3-8921-44ca-b3aa-14c1e5e2863f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:00.799499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.799499Z digest=sha256:08d71726708b3191e2ffb079b1452d068623696f911d04115bf51fb9070f7068

Observation efba6249-aee5-4643-aefa-3dc707c06ab8 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:00.861800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.861800Z digest=sha256:5c00f3496446f306e583863d103a07ca1e2aab0b0d117bac2c48f5f811774896

Observation 6b48eaad-feda-4dbe-8164-b656986de402 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:05.980002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:00.965917Z digest=sha256:d1ab0bb3dc0a98b0f7576841e8bf5259c9088e94dd0c8fd80e9688a8071990d9

Observation d571604c-b534-44dc-8c88-858f9be490cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:05.838509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.041538Z digest=sha256:56f86062c73a49f47de47581c39eed7599d05bfab342813741002a074084768a

Observation 3693dac4-54a5-4720-8263-71a56c80ea19 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:01.155924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.155924Z digest=sha256:3de328987cda35dbbdfe89a4ecbfb998c0ca9cb1dd69e7bd12358b72a2f72b93

Observation b1279b7c-d86a-4485-a1cf-792f2f81c389 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:05.656913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.241318Z digest=sha256:bdc0d3f356d698eb98be109594c9879fb1c3aad154ec4e7ed9c44a0f78cfd59e

Observation 5a2e6d43-24a8-4f42-a8a9-38e63aef2ebe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:05.448505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.382800Z digest=sha256:ff2be7de81d3b122d8bb85469b0d04bef81f82cb0ed965ba6f83f513943e61c3

Observation e27a3821-df40-4f44-a46a-d11f76959ac9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:05.285316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.565279Z digest=sha256:29464f29bd88dadfa17a567cdbe89e16233435a8cb94d33630a082374bd06f93

Observation b436fdd8-6062-4cec-b161-5ee96bdb9223 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:04.989668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.676069Z digest=sha256:398957ad96b4c2f12c52cd9b3c6b434fe108b24d020f99fcbccabd38c45862ab

Observation c17949bb-1d91-4b32-b8cd-65985e56009b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:04.740636Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.822052Z digest=sha256:3ce36dda7885031dcd42f11444d78e8ac9b407b00d4edf2bbded603e3946f110

Observation f0c5b587-223e-4447-94ed-cd05e52bbb9f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:04.471797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:01.960416Z digest=sha256:720826015397a7ac98a2ad8c6072e1a4010602b61582608a799d58d3124f64b5

Observation 08c869d5-4fd9-44d8-917a-547ea28e86d3 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:02.107614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:02.107614Z digest=sha256:384f9554a7895dc6c563a1f764b6e278cfc327b6212942e5ea717c884804b493

Observation aff24d3f-cd1c-4926-8b23-226a321469aa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:04.261931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:02.259766Z digest=sha256:f6122d7faa9e672618d63f8fca37d49bd94e48e1b6c41a117b7d80cdef829839

Observation 282c24fe-13d2-4e89-a6bb-52fa1efffee6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:04.123855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:02.380614Z digest=sha256:8ee66380e9cc9f7dfd351087b457b833ba65059a5e657f6fa445bb558b0bd7c3

Observation 5033b4bd-cb39-4790-95b3-9bd8b469741a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:03.959078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:02.563609Z digest=sha256:c70bf7cdb430a2403ef06cc00631363c8681e44c5565bf2379f063a56a0f8059

Observation 96f8e4e0-1f3c-4c44-86c3-49c770b94527 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:02.651151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:02.651151Z digest=sha256:7b96b980c730af434150ca0aed62e77af5cffb4a9a87c95c9f3a6ee9e081cb8e

Observation 3eb16391-40fd-4b5d-af5f-b93b603c5d78 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models write newline

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:26:02.780673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:26:02.780673Z digest=sha256:b74275701e9dba06abc4c25823fee5dc67f43c4c09986b33b31a6d2d300bdb79

Pith citing papers

Observation 56c32fd6-5e3b-410d-ab04-1d9e4f958f98 · inbound

A Dual-Layered Evaluation of Geopolitical and Cultural Bias in LLMs cites this paper.

A Dual-Layered Evaluation of Geopolitical and Cultural Bias in LLMs Delving into Multilingual Ethical Bias: The MSQAD with Statistical Hypothesis Tests for Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T22:22:09.069980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T22:22:08.501322Z digest=sha256:eb0548a4a835294b836fdf1de5bf770de20642693b9e0902627842b4473a6f35