Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 65 of 65 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.08147.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.08147 v2

Coverage vector

measured 65 of 65 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:11.185463Z

measured 66 of 66 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

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measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T22:38:48.719839Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-10T22:38:49.070684Z

Reference resolution

65 of 65 outbound references displayed

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verified fuzzy41
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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation 395755ce-a8b7-4cf9-9dfb-08a3d245f1ba · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning write newline

Reference 1

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Observation 964b5bda-5aeb-4d6e-8f45-272fa8877e9f · outbound

This paper cites Muppet: Massive multi-task representations with pre-finetuning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Muppet: Massive multi-task representations with pre-finetuning

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.917923Z

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Observation 0e954d8c-e2b0-4e09-bfb8-138d5095de3f · outbound

This paper cites Safety-tuned LL a MA s: Lessons from improving the safety of large language models that follow instructions.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Safety-tuned LL a MA s: Lessons from improving the safety of large language models that follow instructions

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.877649Z

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Observation 0b35ded3-ba47-40aa-b1b3-a6976ba82b26 · outbound

This paper cites Neural networks for pattern recognition.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Neural networks for pattern recognition

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.839602Z

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Observation de994e55-adbb-4314-b309-acbb17e2bb7b · outbound

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Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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Observation 3d774df1-e3d0-4e8c-9950-48a0ca900174 · outbound

This paper cites Mode-finding for mixtures of G aussian distributions.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Mode-finding for mixtures of G aussian distributions

Reference 6

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Observation 18c311c5-d512-4450-b645-bc3a55f4abe4 · outbound

This paper cites Multitask learning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Multitask learning

Reference 7

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Observation 84cd8a65-06e0-402c-855d-eb11a7205484 · outbound

This paper cites PAC-B ayesian supervised classification: The thermodynamics of statistical learning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning PAC-B ayesian supervised classification: The thermodynamics of statistical learning

Reference 8

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Observation 6fa95463-b68c-4400-805a-98fa617405d3 · outbound

This paper cites Overview of the IWSLT 2017 evaluation campaign.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Overview of the IWSLT 2017 evaluation campaign

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.739210Z

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Observation 12efde92-4baf-4f4d-9937-f47678ccfd7f · outbound

This paper cites GradNorm : Gradient normalization for adaptive loss balancing in deep multitask networks.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning GradNorm : Gradient normalization for adaptive loss balancing in deep multitask networks

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.704671Z

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Observation 020759e6-28e3-4368-8781-18109fdb74a8 · outbound

This paper cites Remote sensing image scene classification: Benchmark and state of the art.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Remote sensing image scene classification: Benchmark and state of the art

Reference 11

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Observation b746629e-d543-4e30-a57a-d7ff5ec90582 · outbound

This paper cites Zhao, Yanping Huang, Andrew M.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Zhao, Yanping Huang, Andrew M

Reference 12

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Observation 67ca8381-9653-4ef4-a298-33ec930f966a · outbound

This paper cites Model merging by uncertainty-based gradient matching.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Model merging by uncertainty-based gradient matching

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.655628Z

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Observation 7179bd36-8525-43e5-a84e-3d89372e9c13 · outbound

This paper cites ColD fusion: Collaborative descent for distributed multitask finetuning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning ColD fusion: Collaborative descent for distributed multitask finetuning

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.623970Z

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Observation c2553b3d-71bd-40d3-950a-2e55aaecec7c · outbound

This paper cites An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale

Reference 15

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Observation a46855af-b8df-4a75-b6c4-9bbb0d9283d2 · outbound

This paper cites GLaM: efficient scaling of language models with mixture-of-experts.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning GLaM: efficient scaling of language models with mixture-of-experts

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.576240Z

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Observation 96aab1cc-4881-41ab-a5b4-8666dc84a3f4 · outbound

This paper cites Durrant-Whyte and Mike Stevens.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Durrant-Whyte and Mike Stevens

Reference 17

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Observation 7db04345-154f-4cc2-9c3b-8e329aeeceaf · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge card: Filling LLM s' knowledge gaps with plug-in specialized language models.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Knowledge card: Filling LLM s' knowledge gaps with plug-in specialized language models

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.519976Z

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Observation 82690596-fd30-4d45-8362-8dae36fbafe3 · outbound

This paper cites Continual pre-training for cross-lingual LLM adaptation: Enhancing japanese language capabilities.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Continual pre-training for cross-lingual LLM adaptation: Enhancing japanese language capabilities

Reference 19

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Observation 557a0e26-fc38-49c2-9823-140db3640a15 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 20

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Observation a6795780-5525-4f77-89a1-277feca12c6a · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 21

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Observation 81bc45e0-b04c-4bba-8969-4468630855b0 · outbound

This paper cites Multi-loss weighting with coefficient of variations.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Multi-loss weighting with coefficient of variations

Reference 22

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Observation 1183bd3c-63b1-4443-9971-171e25a6ffe4 · outbound

This paper cites Deep residual learning for image recognition.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Deep residual learning for image recognition

Reference 23

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Observation c1a94f2a-443b-4dcd-944e-13ad64eb79ec · outbound

This paper cites Euro SAT : A novel dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Euro SAT : A novel dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification

Reference 24

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Observation c0d203fc-989a-4dd8-86ef-e7c0ef3ce1d2 · outbound

This paper cites Detection of traffic signs in real-world images: The G erman T raffic S ign D etection B enchmark.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Detection of traffic signs in real-world images: The G erman T raffic S ign D etection B enchmark

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.120608Z

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This paper cites Lo RA : Low-rank adaptation of large language models.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Lo RA : Low-rank adaptation of large language models

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.434148Z

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Observation f5eff7f6-483d-418f-afb6-437de8b88dc5 · outbound

This paper cites Editing models with task arithmetic.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Editing models with task arithmetic

Reference 27

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Observation 5c23cc78-7eea-49ca-9fe6-e439d8f52599 · outbound

This paper cites Multitask Mayhem: Unveiling and Mitigating Safety Gaps in LLMs Fine-tuning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Multitask Mayhem: Unveiling and Mitigating Safety Gaps in LLMs Fine-tuning

Reference 28

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Observation 7159d9cb-459c-40fc-9ebd-39ce6e83583b · outbound

This paper cites ForkMerge : Mitigating negative transfer in auxiliary-task learning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning ForkMerge : Mitigating negative transfer in auxiliary-task learning

Reference 29

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Observation 710b5c2c-3aca-4774-b597-a91a5cea8dca · outbound

This paper cites Dataless knowledge fusion by merging weights of language models.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Dataless knowledge fusion by merging weights of language models

Reference 30

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Observation 52f24e98-7fbd-4fdc-9b91-53599770f4bb · outbound

This paper cites The B ayesian learning rule.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning The B ayesian learning rule

Reference 31

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Observation 8fda7099-3acd-4845-bf22-4f159185ae92 · outbound

This paper cites Fast and scalable bayesian deep learning by weight-perturbation in Adam.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Fast and scalable bayesian deep learning by weight-perturbation in Adam

Reference 32

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Observation 485c367c-903d-41ef-a06c-9ff3e7bb601e · outbound

This paper cites 3D object representations for fine-grained categorization.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning 3D object representations for fine-grained categorization

Reference 33

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This paper cites Fast and simple natural-gradient variational inference with mixture of exponential-family approximations.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Fast and simple natural-gradient variational inference with mixture of exponential-family approximations

Reference 34

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Observation f98c6fc2-88a7-4804-ace3-584a4bf49310 · outbound

This paper cites MFTCoder: Boosting Code LLMs with Multitask Fine-Tuning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning MFTCoder: Boosting Code LLMs with Multitask Fine-Tuning

Reference 35

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This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 36

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This paper cites Decoupled weight decay regularization.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Decoupled weight decay regularization

Reference 37

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This paper cites Maas, Raymond E.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Maas, Raymond E

Reference 38

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Observation 0bcd4f09-389d-4ca9-a158-77b305fec2c1 · outbound

This paper cites EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europe.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europe

Reference 39

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This paper cites Merging models with F isher-weighted averaging.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Merging models with F isher-weighted averaging

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.145525Z

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Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

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Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

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Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.115920Z

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Observation ac059a11-33d3-430f-8586-0df75f5a2bfb · outbound

This paper cites The variational gaussian approximation revisited.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning The variational gaussian approximation revisited

Reference 44

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This paper cites Task arithmetic in the tangent space: Improved editing of pre-trained models.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Task arithmetic in the tangent space: Improved editing of pre-trained models

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.070218Z

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Observation 9f8a06f5-d6a4-4b8b-9474-c4fde8e006ee · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.042210Z

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Observation b8e9ae59-116f-4e3a-95ae-c74eb59673b0 · outbound

This paper cites Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales

Reference 47

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:13.006404Z

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Observation c5436ae4-1b90-417c-ba7d-a69db06a26d5 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-tuning aligned language models compromises safety, even when users do not intend to! In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2024.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Fine-tuning aligned language models compromises safety, even when users do not intend to! In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2024

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.968269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 6baa1d97-31aa-4c8b-a2f8-46c822a4b443 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.943881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9eec02c0-f56e-4f67-abef-976c2257cc97 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.907624Z

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Observation b0c52ace-ab0d-4a77-bd1a-98b00360b063 · outbound

This paper cites Learning to reweight examples for robust deep learning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Learning to reweight examples for robust deep learning

Reference 51

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This paper cites An Overview of Multi-Task Learning in Deep Neural Networks.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning An Overview of Multi-Task Learning in Deep Neural Networks

Reference 52

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This paper cites Variational learning is effective for large deep networks.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Variational learning is effective for large deep networks

Reference 53

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.841471Z

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This paper cites Manning, Andrew Ng, and Christopher Potts.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Manning, Andrew Ng, and Christopher Potts

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.801207Z

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This paper cites ZipIt! M erging models from different tasks without training.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning ZipIt! M erging models from different tasks without training

Reference 55

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.771096Z

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This paper cites Self-influence guided data reweighting for language model pre-training.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Self-influence guided data reweighting for language model pre-training

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.743621Z

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This paper cites A B ayesian committee machine.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning A B ayesian committee machine

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.706744Z

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This paper cites Model soups: averaging weights of multiple fine-tuned models improves accuracy without increasing inference time.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Model soups: averaging weights of multiple fine-tuned models improves accuracy without increasing inference time

Reference 58

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.674500Z

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This paper cites Ehinger, Aude Oliva, and Antonio Torralba.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Ehinger, Aude Oliva, and Antonio Torralba

Reference 59

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:11.511223Z

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This paper cites Data selection for language models via importance resampling.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Data selection for language models via importance resampling

Reference 60

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.645460Z

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This paper cites Towards few-shot adaptation of foundation models via multitask finetuning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Towards few-shot adaptation of foundation models via multitask finetuning

Reference 61

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.612745Z

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This paper cites FORML: Learning to Reweight Data for Fairness.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning FORML: Learning to Reweight Data for Fairness

Reference 62

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This paper cites Adamerging: Adaptive model merging for multi-task learning.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Adamerging: Adaptive model merging for multi-task learning

Reference 63

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.582686Z

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Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

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This paper cites Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification.

Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification

Reference 65

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T18:15:12.548796Z

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Pith citing papers

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Modeling Multi-Task Model Merging as Adaptive Projective Gradient Descent cites this paper.

Modeling Multi-Task Model Merging as Adaptive Projective Gradient Descent Variational Model Merging for Pareto Front Estimation in Multitask Finetuning

Reference 2024

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