Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.04644.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.04644 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:44.334749Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy13
unresolved16
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a56c354b-4765-4186-9b04-75a0ca420820 · outbound

This paper cites • DeepSeek-Chat: A domain-specific model optimized for developer tasks, with enhanced per formance on programming-related queries and structural code outputs.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation • DeepSeek-Chat: A domain-specific model optimized for developer tasks, with enhanced per formance on programming-related queries and structural code outputs

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.977040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1f18e828-bd31-46e6-8bd6-5b05e1cf722d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.969241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 48b3af5c-2e3f-45bc-8270-30cbed800f3d · outbound

This paper cites This metric captures how completely the model covered the methods of the class.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation This metric captures how completely the model covered the methods of the class

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.961628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 486d227c-6b63-4476-8e9e-092fa731a294 · outbound

This paper cites The reviewer assessed each generated skeleton using six dimensions, scoring on a 1–5 scale:.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation The reviewer assessed each generated skeleton using six dimensions, scoring on a 1–5 scale:

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.954259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 2aa9f794-00e1-49da-bd61-c0556f896be5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.946549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 23c1419b-ba06-44f3-89b2-18278065f3e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.938308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation be35ffbd-2315-4430-b548-def0f3e66a13 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.931073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 54b6d876-ec38-424e-a6c7-00f8b0975f9f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.923339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7968bccd-2a55-494f-a818-0eeb245f31bb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.915965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3cdd46fe-230b-403c-81ec-48642f7b9676 · outbound

This paper cites The expert review focused on identifying semantic misinterpretations, structural flaws, and usability within the skeletons generated by the models.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation The expert review focused on identifying semantic misinterpretations, structural flaws, and usability within the skeletons generated by the models

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.908762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b85c90f0-a531-4c50-8718-a442114582a2 · outbound

This paper cites This included appropriate usage of RSpec describe blocks and clear distinction between instance and class methods.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation This included appropriate usage of RSpec describe blocks and clear distinction between instance and class methods

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.900460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0f6af92f-122c-406a-bab3-00aeff581380 · outbound

This paper cites Its test skeleton was praised for its well -organized structure and strong alignment with RSpec idioms.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Its test skeleton was praised for its well -organized structure and strong alignment with RSpec idioms

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.891842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 98978fa1-f833-40e1-a54b-a47155aff6f8 · outbound

This paper cites Llama’s was the cleanest and easiest to maintain.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Llama’s was the cleanest and easiest to maintain

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.884101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3f890ebc-a1d5-4762-b228-9b6fe29c5b27 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.876794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e4329897-e4db-4b47-9278-f75e5cae2c60 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.869064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 29b6aaa1-5873-40a0-91d1-64f80750467b · outbound

This paper cites Models that produced clean, readable code, like Llama4, were deemed more suitable for collaborative workflows.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Models that produced clean, readable code, like Llama4, were deemed more suitable for collaborative workflows

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.860914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e0e3f8a9-0755-4317-9ddf-74f8d609fb38 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.852855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7a433ddd-0f37-47ab-bfae-26a6d7f05a1e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.845038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 87812ec4-1834-44d7-8c1e-46d95612554a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.837008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 862e439c-4c30-465b-8671-195159d70a0c · outbound

This paper cites While some models generated verbose skeletons with full coverage, these outputs were often dense, unstructured, or syntactically flawed.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation While some models generated verbose skeletons with full coverage, these outputs were often dense, unstructured, or syntactically flawed

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.793706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 142814e7-915c-4348-9883-7f7ede077fad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.673151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 88317820-8781-4781-877a-8906c4741ca8 · outbound

This paper cites Automation of Test Skeletons Within Test-Driven Development Projects,.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Automation of Test Skeletons Within Test-Driven Development Projects,

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:43.381587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1ecfe73-34cb-4784-bcef-bebe459a42ed · outbound

This paper cites Software Testing with Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Software Testing with Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:43.507568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c57c1dd8-5430-40dc-aee1-fa33e674ced4 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.512605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6baeb417-25f0-4f31-bc11-249234aed318 · outbound

This paper cites Intelligent Software Testing: Harnessing Machine Learning to Automate Test Case Generation and Defect Prediction.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Intelligent Software Testing: Harnessing Machine Learning to Automate Test Case Generation and Defect Prediction

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.371492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f1ef20a3-8da8-4d4d-8f12-4e68ed204cb4 · outbound

This paper cites TESTEVAL: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Test Case Generation.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation TESTEVAL: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Test Case Generation

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:43.828934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c1dff1c-6bb4-492c-94a6-4b25e24507f4 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models for Software Testing. Science of Computer Programming.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Evaluating Large Language Models for Software Testing. Science of Computer Programming

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.264082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b804f479-7dab-4b25-a69b-f7f736243ff1 · outbound

This paper cites EvoSuite: Automatic Test Suite Generation for Object- Oriented Software.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation EvoSuite: Automatic Test Suite Generation for Object- Oriented Software

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:45.091153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 158ed5fb-e8d8-41a8-ac15-c6a5a0a0941b · outbound

This paper cites CUTE: A Concolic Unit Testing Engine for C.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation CUTE: A Concolic Unit Testing Engine for C

Reference 30

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:44.786201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 780e796e-02ff-4c64-8b1d-df185da2c10d · outbound

This paper cites Improving Automated Test Case Generation with Learning-to-Rank Techniques.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Improving Automated Test Case Generation with Learning-to-Rank Techniques

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:44.462803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 57918f8e-d878-48fc-9b2d-54d82ff63d7b · outbound

This paper cites Intrinsic Nonlinear Hall Detection of the N\'eel Vector for Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spintronics.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Intrinsic Nonlinear Hall Detection of the N\'eel Vector for Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spintronics

Reference 32

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:44.620488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation eec26237-07d0-495b-a655-4b8974e6c9ba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Test-Skeleton Generation Unresolved cited work

Reference 419

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:59:44.163389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.