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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack)

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 97 of 97 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.17846.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.17846 v1

Coverage vector

measured 97 of 97 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.754155Z

measured 98 of 98 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T19:27:34.770229Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T19:27:35.026558Z

Reference resolution

97 of 97 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy47
  • unresolved45
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch4

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ab12fc43-486f-4daa-bac5-8049aee7dcf1 · outbound

This paper cites AI Control: Improving Safety Despite Intentional Subversion.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) AI Control: Improving Safety Despite Intentional Subversion

Reference 1

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.283865Z digest=sha256:fe0c59f78da7107cd1280ec5430e426903ef0c2e57045c49c2e8f54c6d05df61

Observation 0075e0b6-928c-4ab7-81c9-2173cc5bde02 · outbound

This paper cites A sketch of an AI control safety case.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A sketch of an AI control safety case

Reference 2

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.289552Z digest=sha256:cdb299cd30faf5fa04d3b52ad28932244d9eec8ca00ac3846db046d57cc592c0

Observation 3fdd020e-e755-40fa-90bc-d03e4a508367 · outbound

This paper cites Subversion Strategy Eval: Can language models statelessly strategize to subvert control protocols?.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Subversion Strategy Eval: Can language models statelessly strategize to subvert control protocols?

Reference 3

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.294628Z digest=sha256:59adcc20684eeaae71fd89a2bc8e618b1442a6ac694b24d9899b6afb5cdf4c2b

Observation 7c3799c3-51b8-44de-a3a1-0bf9ccc84549 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive Deployment of Untrusted LLMs Reduces Distributed Threats.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Adaptive Deployment of Untrusted LLMs Reduces Distributed Threats

Reference 4

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.299859Z digest=sha256:edf4256d1376c98672bd708212f4f999be905098ce0b5adcc37a8f21033edc3d

Observation 6bdb94a0-4680-491c-9e79-36571991cb74 · outbound

This paper cites Hidden in plain text: Emergence & mitigation of steganographic collusion in LLMs.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Hidden in plain text: Emergence & mitigation of steganographic collusion in LLMs

Reference 5

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.305751Z digest=sha256:13dddf7322a50c70aef2878cc117b41eb76a0b06b0de50442514243697bd8381

Observation 09f8f5fc-d200-4615-8aee-44edd28c4f68 · outbound

This paper cites Mechanistic anomaly detection and elk.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Mechanistic anomaly detection and elk

Reference 6

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.310460Z digest=sha256:049874f5661a1f289ede8597fe6f538da224d3ba7176527a628307807d8abf86

Observation 7a0f4489-f5b4-470c-9219-226c2b6fdc6f · outbound

This paper cites Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency

Reference 7

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.315490Z digest=sha256:26b5ef6c7c3ede25a1a951e45175e6593f3e7e39617158511e58ee2a1091c4f3

Observation 40e474c2-869f-4a60-8bac-dba478f0581b · outbound

This paper cites Open Problems in Mechanistic Interpretability.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Open Problems in Mechanistic Interpretability

Reference 8

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.320407Z digest=sha256:54c28c59bd083585b3b0c405b02f43c5ff9b552855637d2ad45e1e71220a80b4

Observation 20397426-c115-47a5-a529-d2f1b29d540d · outbound

This paper cites Berkovitz and Negash G.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Berkovitz and Negash G

Reference 9

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.326661Z digest=sha256:bf14061285c3f936002cea71d268327886aceb1769bdce27b9233a11f56b2db3

Observation 30a29f39-a2b9-47a2-864d-13cd9eca1f87 · outbound

This paper cites A Research Agenda: Dynamic Models to Defend Against Correlated Attacks.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A Research Agenda: Dynamic Models to Defend Against Correlated Attacks

Reference 10

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.243301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.330986Z digest=sha256:7a6b2f39dad251e77c569f561a3f92a96d61dd2855c826d9ed868341b38a5b52

Observation 8f4e846f-ed77-416d-bbeb-9865ddf0fd5a · outbound

This paper cites Learning to summarize from human feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Learning to summarize from human feedback

Reference 11

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Observation b24e0c39-92c9-420b-9a4a-bd334de653e3 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 12

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.340226Z digest=sha256:75947f292e99802408e7bdc9236a3d24b773cc3a2a1450463fabf51b7f8c419a

Observation 9dc2a1c7-2f43-4554-b9dd-3faf7f7c8e44 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences

Reference 13

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.344640Z digest=sha256:91bac1f193eb59e01c0f02e3fe3d8b795bb9038640057dff5998ce0f35a78d09

Observation 28b69cd8-196e-450e-a172-3ea8edad8196 · outbound

This paper cites A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment

Reference 14

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.349277Z digest=sha256:e6fa7f9ed331c55433cb39f8a5bbc8a545a6e9946848722ad958bbfd3d79a27e

Observation 6e751683-b89e-488a-80fe-3877b08c11a4 · outbound

This paper cites Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback

Reference 15

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.353876Z digest=sha256:66f688fc795becd8abb6b7c0fa2e61479291f5d9d4255593887978da18bf2c60

Observation 5e7e2798-2cdb-42ae-a2e2-748c3cded518 · outbound

This paper cites Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.358600Z digest=sha256:ac67c88cdc1951daf4005a669ba82afa423f33ab364f38c76521da87d81edc1d

Observation a75905cd-e4ab-40db-969b-80a1713f02c9 · outbound

This paper cites Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction

Reference 17

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.362934Z digest=sha256:0b28d7bb77ff2087bcadb9be9932a95af5c9be6dc1c3702aa9bf94822be5211b

Observation 10908b4d-a984-4b7c-980f-9e872c76bd49 · outbound

This paper cites Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned

Reference 18

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.367629Z digest=sha256:544e035d0fd7a22c38b996b02e1dba84eb20f90ef1e5f79a617ac19dfe160c9b

Observation c5dfe7dc-112a-468e-9f77-317055abfb9a · outbound

This paper cites The Pristine survey -- XXII. A serendipitous discovery of an extremely Li-rich very metal-poor giant and a new method of $^6$Li/$^7$Li isotope measurement.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The Pristine survey -- XXII. A serendipitous discovery of an extremely Li-rich very metal-poor giant and a new method of $^6$Li/$^7$Li isotope measurement

Reference 19

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.146256Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.372263Z digest=sha256:399c5c293aa5cb2f9d819a07f551af8f76c9df821210bfbca53a96df2ef41a50

Observation 6ec8cef2-c81f-4cae-87c5-0b2407571081 · outbound

This paper cites Consequences of misaligned AI.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Consequences of misaligned AI

Reference 20

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.378196Z digest=sha256:f024b7d2e20fd62dfda6df9055e1f507e38c2bf69b44046c5913d0813dfe6429

Observation 5775113a-50f0-4329-8b43-f4bba1509c50 · outbound

This paper cites Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systems

Reference 21

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.382401Z digest=sha256:c148059bd2c7a1ac7e432d17bb0ec810ae96f7119e4fff72f0c978c8988fef70

Observation b7279a7c-6550-4fcf-8609-dc0f7a0a6616 · outbound

This paper cites On the relevance of the Godot Engine in the indie game development industry.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) On the relevance of the Godot Engine in the indie game development industry

Reference 22

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.107965Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.387612Z digest=sha256:35eec787981afe166c0b468f3e40cb645650d59fe953202f4a0c060fab4c7710

Observation 523ab9c4-8d1d-4b4b-b703-f3731febc4bf · outbound

This paper cites Steganography in chain of thought reasoning.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Steganography in chain of thought reasoning

Reference 23

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.392376Z digest=sha256:cf89fa4bfca484a785b8fb2b848f21826aa927df3e786a5f56d2a791a417fab4

Observation ec1ebec8-65a9-4a13-bcb2-5a02e34890b0 · outbound

This paper cites Neural linguistic steganography.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Neural linguistic steganography

Reference 24

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.397660Z digest=sha256:616c106b627e869a260a13fe3b213d51f7a21ceac1d7681a458f6b7d800a9e67

Observation f152e7d6-8fe4-401f-afad-b3018f80b3bb · outbound

This paper cites Information hiding-a survey.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Information hiding-a survey

Reference 25

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Observation 1afc3dff-0957-4efc-945d-c63465a950a6 · outbound

This paper cites CycleGAN, a Master of Steganography.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) CycleGAN, a Master of Steganography

Reference 26

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.407246Z digest=sha256:8a12c12dac8368adcfd3186cfcbadf5f6d327f1fb64b62e54ad6ba5857c3f78d

Observation 6937da5d-d4df-4bee-bbda-49f5a95c1e45 · outbound

This paper cites A review on text steganography techniques.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A review on text steganography techniques

Reference 27

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.412853Z digest=sha256:2504c06d53d3df5a9f8b55656eddbaa83b0b4ad1be0b382cb399912d5ad90440

Observation d1391414-55f8-42d2-89f3-84236a15ee36 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent misalignment: Narrow finetuning can produce broadly misaligned llms.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Emergent misalignment: Narrow finetuning can produce broadly misaligned llms

Reference 28

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.417899Z digest=sha256:9dd9e72bf1e72d043e7a253a51900cfe4b62b29a4a48c50b4f0693336337aa68

Observation be5e32ca-d5bb-40de-99c1-b3047f8595bc · outbound

This paper cites Discovering latent knowledge in language models without supervision.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Discovering latent knowledge in language models without supervision

Reference 29

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.422285Z digest=sha256:212b5245b303bc57052474b284ee33cf4ac59c6b90c0308097574b5b7b6f61fc

Observation 339b3efe-c9c7-4a3c-9997-1077bf4cd380 · outbound

This paper cites Arc’s first technical report: Eliciting latent knowledge.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Arc’s first technical report: Eliciting latent knowledge

Reference 30

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Observation fe61fc05-1d5e-429f-bd1e-50696299657a · outbound

This paper cites Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?

Reference 31

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Observation 0c43d34d-c830-4c9c-95f8-cd70bdf42d44 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal policies tend to seek power.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Optimal policies tend to seek power

Reference 32

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.435862Z digest=sha256:a8ecef7bfd196ae8f509b053205c7ddd682ec5121ea8538dfdde1cf0df22c4d5

Observation 91d1d0cd-e82a-455e-9c32-91d9b55043f2 · outbound

This paper cites Corrigibility.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Corrigibility

Reference 33

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.441272Z digest=sha256:ba7e302bb8c40f1925bf530fbf1bf986eed3dc6bc740f9da8dc70d1ca35f674d

Observation c4d5ef54-f1ca-4500-93fa-7c05a3fce28c · outbound

This paper cites AI safety via debate.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) AI safety via debate

Reference 35

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.451135Z digest=sha256:f1aadf107b9f4e74d2036caed343294fd26e32dd2c871cda23e61cbcc277dda2

Observation 0e8cf767-1101-4c6e-92c4-bc2ccc28eeaf · outbound

This paper cites Debate Helps Supervise Unreliable Experts.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Debate Helps Supervise Unreliable Experts

Reference 36

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.455690Z digest=sha256:6b2401ec9acbd2cc0f264f48464851be771f2a3f413e4793557bcffa01603a37

Observation 4cb71390-ee26-42d7-b8bd-9ba263b7c9da · outbound

This paper cites Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems

Reference 37

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.460137Z digest=sha256:b8688888f1106ee795a45e1e104b94fa84439930308270caef841b782adf5cf3

Observation 6484fdc9-805a-4106-bfc3-6eced7d4b468 · outbound

This paper cites A new robust approach for the polytomous logistic regression model based on R\'enyi's pseudodistances.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A new robust approach for the polytomous logistic regression model based on R\'enyi's pseudodistances

Reference 38

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.913086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.465214Z digest=sha256:01b840715cda5ae0cdcb3e8deb31b42593d4d239fd81f03103c1981ed232b5df

Observation 1de1f1e8-f83b-48e8-b322-b84b1cdf1473 · outbound

This paper cites The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Models.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Models

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.469751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.469751Z digest=sha256:668b2df8e0bc3f1d1603e61973fc0688b4f7c484d16cfb1a11d13f8f76e7020b

Observation 972a95bd-1328-4030-a171-307a97df5f0c · outbound

This paper cites The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.474356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.474356Z digest=sha256:afe7ca38546d9c07e42ab21799d43f88fd7207112e96d4b63db43499b6f6d1b1

Observation 59348b0c-9cde-4e9e-9ea7-da61df4f85c2 · outbound

This paper cites Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.479472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.479472Z digest=sha256:6917f390a57deca33c68e062bfb2100b2911262f1f84c5783853624b31e19ed6

Observation 89095439-ec12-4800-a7a6-dca73a60ef5d · outbound

This paper cites One-Year In: COVID-19 Research at the International Level in CORD-19 Data.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) One-Year In: COVID-19 Research at the International Level in CORD-19 Data

Reference 42

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.861338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.487947Z digest=sha256:2b3d58193fa4fb72cab0881205d02fd8c4ba25a802d2a3b40d1659db858986da

Observation 329a6965-01d5-4c3c-85e1-d48057160d83 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.492998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.492998Z digest=sha256:f98f7de4cfcd850fb48de110d32afdaa0af980b5401513bff601a119be0f348b

Observation 07886c10-0fc8-4fbb-a355-0f241ea5eda3 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.497730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.497730Z digest=sha256:a6974217bfd8c89dc5aec91080212b2889748f4ca20f5156d6487fcc9c570d2c

Observation b4d26c89-ef97-4f54-a784-e949f76de09d · outbound

This paper cites Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.502600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.502600Z digest=sha256:d72a698f5303379a15d492cdc4757b924e803cf0e50591191b3c6c7acb65875d

Observation e963b313-e3ce-4a8f-a981-2ad6bf27bafc · outbound

This paper cites Truthful AI: Developing and governing AI that does not lie.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Truthful AI: Developing and governing AI that does not lie

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.507257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.507257Z digest=sha256:6623b4b5f7e75f0c1d32b99a37aa59d4aa9b08a4a4e10150c18002323a102d45

Observation 75d5ecf9-2be6-49fc-90d7-fe55ee7d10b2 · outbound

This paper cites Safe reinforcement learning via shielding.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Safe reinforcement learning via shielding

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.511663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.511663Z digest=sha256:0e9dd65f6e47de1c388439a7c63cd5a29ebedf52cb6bdd55c1b25247dd93c953

Observation 118426b5-8c24-4398-b2a4-93a8eb3412ae · outbound

This paper cites Robust adversarial reinforcement learning.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Robust adversarial reinforcement learning

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.516626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.516626Z digest=sha256:3a5a15cfbf6357dd1b1cea31c1eaf945025528944cf91926842be0fc814c5f0f

Observation 4f938f2e-83ea-4ff4-837f-3ea38260fa2d · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic programming and optimal control, volume 1.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Dynamic programming and optimal control, volume 1

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.267980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.520713Z digest=sha256:d02699600db17c28d906ffe6036b8d57e35204dcd2a5751a37dcd680b43dbc65

Observation 0a2f84d3-4ddc-4f66-81e1-a5834221f5dd · outbound

This paper cites Robust and optimal control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Robust and optimal control

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.253765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.525183Z digest=sha256:215235cfc21ac8da4a54fd6730c01d56f413a1b010b072cc089269bdf6871bd7

Observation ede4711e-9d33-4c3e-bdd8-d0690d0accaf · outbound

This paper cites Optimal control theory: an introduction.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Optimal control theory: an introduction

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.239370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.530225Z digest=sha256:1ae0b17e82a22a6f772ef40d03f152a8691db1347f619021a6456f900fb52cb1

Observation 137e513d-2f59-42df-8ad6-7f2ee19dddd1 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Optimal control

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.225474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.535511Z digest=sha256:21431506dd3fc6eb6786a540adb7846af28ce694e1e133afb8667750d2756627

Observation b543f7f1-88cf-4637-9fff-b266e9ee4bdf · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Adaptive control

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.210857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.539962Z digest=sha256:5736dd3c758babac74945084c627e542ab29d8ba5a29cdfd3993f728eb095500

Observation 0c6359aa-fbd5-4a43-b3ae-6268e04a0564 · outbound

This paper cites Model predictive control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Model predictive control

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.196061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.545410Z digest=sha256:d4cc18a1569f55ee6067ee30cae1c7fee993f517ac8f9f38923d24dda2317a44

Observation 48cd507c-b336-4db8-be0b-8ff796034a38 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic optimal control: the discrete-time case , volume 5.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Stochastic optimal control: the discrete-time case , volume 5

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.179346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.549740Z digest=sha256:519bcf1958814808dbeca8fceec98ee55164a303b5e8c2bfa0a72361af5dca58

Observation d6702858-719b-42ad-8e71-e6cbd3901a41 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear control systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Nonlinear control systems

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.164569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.554104Z digest=sha256:6c982c85317923ff43239ab6763f456d7bebd55bfc886beb059b84a5da3201b0

Observation d0662494-ffad-4fc4-824f-a158065e2adb · outbound

This paper cites Geometric control of mechanical systems: modeling, analysis, and design for simple mechanical control systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Geometric control of mechanical systems: modeling, analysis, and design for simple mechanical control systems

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.150038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.558392Z digest=sha256:4b7ed1391d33f06323d856e2842b7524fb3f8e271a0b18bc9ca9e707d07689f1

Observation eb062195-036f-4e8d-9510-bd13859555ac · outbound

This paper cites Hybrid dynamical systems: modeling, stability, and robustness.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Hybrid dynamical systems: modeling, stability, and robustness

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.135036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.562822Z digest=sha256:94acff89cee64adf21b5acd1a9e0ce4d8aec2f29fb8aaded6075d788bab2ae90

Observation 1afd2908-f842-4578-8f7d-eae8cea6b095 · outbound

This paper cites Reinforcement learning: An introduction.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Reinforcement learning: An introduction

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.120979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.567484Z digest=sha256:4f3f66fff9be1f3cfaab9d2dc71984f707de862cbdbccca1117f1b6a326d30bc

Observation 85910cfd-120d-43a4-bf1c-259ce9df6602 · outbound

This paper cites ˙x∗(t) = ∂H ∂λ (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (12) ˙λ(t) = − ∂H ∂x (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (13) where the Hamiltonian H(t, x, u, λ) = λ0f 0(t, x, u) + Pn i=1 λi(t)f i(t, x, u).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) ˙x∗(t) = ∂H ∂λ (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (12) ˙λ(t) = − ∂H ∂x (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (13) where the Hamiltonian H(t, x, u, λ) = λ0f 0(t, x, u) + Pn i=1 λi(t)f i(t, x, u)

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.107291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.571978Z digest=sha256:cf3b6b877ffae794685f77f7016c812f0786a03a4677af86f1014b52bb1f30f4

Observation 6aec0a9b-d173-4222-8f53-86f322499486 · outbound

This paper cites For almost all t ∈ [t0, t1], H(t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) = sup z∈Ω(t,x∗(t)) H(t, x∗(t), z, λ(t)) (14).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) For almost all t ∈ [t0, t1], H(t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) = sup z∈Ω(t,x∗(t)) H(t, x∗(t), z, λ(t)) (14)

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.093151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.577039Z digest=sha256:375cf6754d3d542fbc19196c57e64d9e403fca4bfc368983e030c194d12a11ea

Observation 21d58aa7-2b20-42cd-9efd-47d8fd24fa3f · outbound

This paper cites At the endpoints (t0, x∗(t0)) and (t1, x∗(t1)), the vector (−H(t0), λ(t0), H(t1), −λ(t1)) (where H(t) is H evaluated along the extremal) is orthog- onal to the end-manifold B.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) At the endpoints (t0, x∗(t0)) and (t1, x∗(t1)), the vector (−H(t0), λ(t0), H(t1), −λ(t1)) (where H(t) is H evaluated along the extremal) is orthog- onal to the end-manifold B

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.079099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.581799Z digest=sha256:6aa94e2a5d2226adbf59fadde9d23cd7c1a6a276651bff507b1cbfc511941453

Observation 81438081-e24b-4463-9059-09359952aa4f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.064181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.586823Z digest=sha256:5915cddb094df66c2eb0838e848501213de92e3111d1f10caed019b34b0ff97b

Observation 795b0bda-e112-476c-bc4c-209e73382294 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.049526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.591884Z digest=sha256:0402f0e3d226bf70115f6a107a4d91e92cc9e63240d25b82f5f9da857b55e1e6

Observation 01562de8-af0b-45bc-82d5-17daae9e2a60 · outbound

This paper cites This involves adjusting operational parameters of physical components.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) This involves adjusting operational parameters of physical components

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.034924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.597023Z digest=sha256:3469c3daf59a4f333112b54986365f4ae664811c61ee928c75d0c4f596b0e029

Observation b39cf135-32c6-441b-ab87-3afd32da7477 · outbound

This paper cites This concerns distributing computational tasks across available processing units (e.g., GPU kernels).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) This concerns distributing computational tasks across available processing units (e.g., GPU kernels)

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.020066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.602475Z digest=sha256:0ac901b2f74585d60f468ef2ed3980541bd020f98742e8d9fca10fbfc8bd6161

Observation b5ca32a1-ea19-4f32-99f2-8ff8c5a68446 · outbound

This paper cites This includes mechanisms like Error Correction Codes (ECC) in memory or redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) for storage.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) This includes mechanisms like Error Correction Codes (ECC) in memory or redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) for storage

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.004976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.607598Z digest=sha256:836b7397826e8c049e5dab0df52f28f5c153d6c2e712f545af0560db76384262

Observation 5260a0b9-0003-4c11-8515-beabdeac6f29 · outbound

This paper cites OS and containerization tools allow setting limits on resource consumption per process or container (e.g., Linux cgroups).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) OS and containerization tools allow setting limits on resource consumption per process or container (e.g., Linux cgroups)

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.988645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.612961Z digest=sha256:bbfbb16863115f48f1f8bb55930477311e89635f70c01d959c3ab36769f42780

Observation 25bcc983-12b4-44ec-bbe9-e627e225b119 · outbound

This paper cites The OS scheduler manages the execution order of processes and threads.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The OS scheduler manages the execution order of processes and threads

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.973984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.618080Z digest=sha256:75712e71d05c468f3705afd391e83b5f234fe55a5c2fba55ab4e3b183c3afecc

Observation 568f8085-15ae-4e6b-bd49-e1d2c977be39 · outbound

This paper cites Using containers, virtual machines, or specific OS mechanisms (e.g., seccomp, AppArmor) to restrict the privileges and visibility of AI processes.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Using containers, virtual machines, or specific OS mechanisms (e.g., seccomp, AppArmor) to restrict the privileges and visibility of AI processes

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.959287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.622787Z digest=sha256:e79796a4dda0458d73ee5c054370619c64c96eba883bdb389e5f8fb589786c31

Observation c41fae4d-9ee8-4b4c-8e89-5958c1c27db3 · outbound

This paper cites Frameworks often perform optimisations like op- erator fusion, constant folding, and memory planning on the AI model’s computational graph.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Frameworks often perform optimisations like op- erator fusion, constant folding, and memory planning on the AI model’s computational graph

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.944616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.627271Z digest=sha256:d24fe8ea54fe11914134eca9b1ce1388c8d405c233906cbeb5355126ea603eaf

Observation 79952eb8-3a97-4d05-8ba2-aed4f906db05 · outbound

This paper cites Techniques applied during computation to maintain numeri- cal precision and prevent issues like vanishing/exploding gradients.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Techniques applied during computation to maintain numeri- cal precision and prevent issues like vanishing/exploding gradients

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.930479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.632324Z digest=sha256:64d4a8dfaf575cc0d70c94a741f921ad796b0f8f7661a698a92d53f6dd0f5656

Observation 03a971ba-78f7-47db-8445-760c7c2d4015 · outbound

This paper cites Mechanisms for managing data and model parallelism, synchronizing gradients, and handling parameter updates across multiple devices or nodes.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Mechanisms for managing data and model parallelism, synchronizing gradients, and handling parameter updates across multiple devices or nodes

Reference 73

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.915881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.637503Z digest=sha256:5f3e0508994ad4d19b439a1f0f02d6e589d6d11c458b48157bf2e454c284b293

Observation 2a14673b-1ee7-446f-87da-5b782d41d6b8 · outbound

This paper cites Its efficiency and correctness are crucial for successful model development.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Its efficiency and correctness are crucial for successful model development

Reference 74

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.901153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.641868Z digest=sha256:201d87a31b9940d930724eb1f2972eea621fa0e10718efa49eed3ccb6088c036

Observation 0207fbd2-b062-4de4-a1d9-ddc2c9a2b47f · outbound

This paper cites The deliberate selection of network structures, layer types, and connectivity.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The deliberate selection of network structures, layer types, and connectivity

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.886207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.646312Z digest=sha256:4f94b6de3ee8fc76433810398e075c1ee021bed42b77d3ee780884a42386e744

Observation 6f494e16-29ea-4065-a968-b5280365186d · outbound

This paper cites Incorporating architectural elements that intrinsi- cally promote better generalisation or robustness, such as dropout layers or batch normalisa- tion.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Incorporating architectural elements that intrinsi- cally promote better generalisation or robustness, such as dropout layers or batch normalisa- tion

Reference 76

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.871166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.651553Z digest=sha256:38005ac83cdf6d3f92dc8b263e925e75ac841203fa61ef541d70968c0cad39ff

Observation bd8be8eb-0581-47a3-83f5-d6710a09d4d5 · outbound

This paper cites Methods like pruning (removing less important weights/neurons) and quantization (reducing the precision of weights and activations).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Methods like pruning (removing less important weights/neurons) and quantization (reducing the precision of weights and activations)

Reference 77

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.855157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.655987Z digest=sha256:f5a56dff582549b6b52b767e667375296c4958dcf1c05d6bf50ef79303f6c824

Observation 71f2ee9b-fd11-49bb-a2c3-054be200ae91 · outbound

This paper cites Selecting, cleaning, and transforming the training data.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Selecting, cleaning, and transforming the training data

Reference 78

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.840902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.660467Z digest=sha256:84a8edb029f6e9714661d908981fda36b18c8b080fc43abd1a5ecab4b126adcb

Observation 24b7d4b6-37a5-481b-822e-533363ff6250 · outbound

This paper cites Defining the loss function Ltask that the model aims to minimise, and potentially adding regularization terms Lregi or constraints.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Defining the loss function Ltask that the model aims to minimise, and potentially adding regularization terms Lregi or constraints

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.826148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.664742Z digest=sha256:3a7b5b659c79c1c0760fb4b42b70b60e136bb31427cffb01480b363dd6aac58c

Observation 51470257-ea07-4e3a-9e00-eee556489701 · outbound

This paper cites Choosing the optimizer (e.g., SGD, Adam) and its parameters (e.g., learning rate ηt, batch size Bt, momentum βt).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Choosing the optimizer (e.g., SGD, Adam) and its parameters (e.g., learning rate ηt, batch size Bt, momentum βt)

Reference 80

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.811945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.669102Z digest=sha256:ef18ab0c5fecc10432e3665b059c804bc9d48dbb681eaabdf9463db16d918500

Observation 683017bc-a545-444d-9d06-72ce2f30305e · outbound

This paper cites Monitoring performance on a validation set and stop- ping training when performance no longer improves, saving model checkpoints periodically.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Monitoring performance on a validation set and stop- ping training when performance no longer improves, saving model checkpoints periodically

Reference 81

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.797732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.673973Z digest=sha256:afd352e7ee818fda11b9e20a7b6ddb14996a5b1b545ce18cd01007f51948f9ef

Observation de7b95c0-a8b2-4dd9-9fe6-a012e10dd32d · outbound

This paper cites Post-processing model outputs to detect and remove or modify undesirable content (e.g., harmful language, private information).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Post-processing model outputs to detect and remove or modify undesirable content (e.g., harmful language, private information)

Reference 82

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.782975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.678601Z digest=sha256:6165aa59fff9e0d717301821951d53aafba13de169f030af17f460b3a51d30fb

Observation 61463965-6dd4-4ebf-a701-7cd32e43c7db · outbound

This paper cites Abstaining from providing an output or escalating to a human supervisor if the model’s confidence in its output is below a certain threshold.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Abstaining from providing an output or escalating to a human supervisor if the model’s confidence in its output is below a certain threshold

Reference 83

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.769030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.682862Z digest=sha256:318102dbaec21ce155019765d69b648a4fca837ac2eeeae3b87f9afb2b97b907

Observation d636dba1-dc82-4894-b1d9-e124cb2b2de6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.754604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.688090Z digest=sha256:956248cc8515992eb58921a34eb5d48050dc85d7a83a1b29544e4770f4f4c06a

Observation e9b295af-af6a-4be9-9f08-84368c33ec4c · outbound

This paper cites Altering or ablating spe- cific internal parts of a model (e.g., neurons, attention heads, identified circuits) that are understood to contribute to certain behaviours.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Altering or ablating spe- cific internal parts of a model (e.g., neurons, attention heads, identified circuits) that are understood to contribute to certain behaviours

Reference 85

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.740118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.692639Z digest=sha256:6adcab133ba2834e56c1b89210b81f375e7d6652b93beaf3a64cc9ba26acf1a5

Observation 33e4d8b3-b717-4388-a6c0-b7e52fd0e5d1 · outbound

This paper cites Using explanations of model behaviour (e.g., why a particular output was generated) to identify and diagnose issues.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Using explanations of model behaviour (e.g., why a particular output was generated) to identify and diagnose issues

Reference 86

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.725762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.697467Z digest=sha256:8035b0691103646fe171eb05e9d74369bff8c7fd0e5276d2343a1f83b3b1bbec

Observation be31639d-5d89-4ecb-abee-769f7f19d1b0 · outbound

This paper cites Directly modifying model weights or structure based on interpretability insights to correct specific knowledge or behaviours without full retraining.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Directly modifying model weights or structure based on interpretability insights to correct specific knowledge or behaviours without full retraining

Reference 87

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.711078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.702606Z digest=sha256:ed34d760581d7363014904d9bc9cbf37829876f52445ba7ef843a6482140d53b

Observation 3771ab7b-4652-4736-85e8-0a32f8be8af0 · outbound

This paper cites Techniques for capturing human preferences and values to guide AI behaviour, often by training a reward model RM (y) based on human feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Techniques for capturing human preferences and values to guide AI behaviour, often by training a reward model RM (y) based on human feedback

Reference 88

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.695414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.706937Z digest=sha256:454e24e698691152582672a14027e8b8f39482e86b288e8dbb2bc778ec796d3f

Observation 5f6db323-c4bd-4170-bb47-0db365045fbd · outbound

This paper cites Using a learned reward model or direct human feedback to fine-tune a base AI model towards desired behaviours.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Using a learned reward model or direct human feedback to fine-tune a base AI model towards desired behaviours

Reference 89

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.681521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.711319Z digest=sha256:657db4092a77ae8bd8e9b736bd8d2a0bbcabb88dae10c1489fbd58794b9d1cae

Observation 0528181c-23ff-4844-8914-5c5de2637eb5 · outbound

This paper cites Systematically probing AI systems to discover vulnerabilities, failure modes, and misalignments before deployment.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Systematically probing AI systems to discover vulnerabilities, failure modes, and misalignments before deployment

Reference 90

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.667564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.715979Z digest=sha256:d96adc191934536cce5f91f056fa26cbcb2e6d946caff8164120f4029c4d436f

Observation be72f600-06fa-4be9-a576-4eee69244c81 · outbound

This paper cites Defining explicit principles, rules, or constitutions that the AI must adhere to, and using AI itself to critique and revise its outputs to comply with these rules.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Defining explicit principles, rules, or constitutions that the AI must adhere to, and using AI itself to critique and revise its outputs to comply with these rules

Reference 91

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.652156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.721090Z digest=sha256:da785e10a9cb07f2f29801760d2faa9de7cb0d51a74a8aab8aac3fc0c6f3a703

Observation f6f45057-65f6-4903-86da-4d7e61b71c53 · outbound

This paper cites Designing the rules of interaction, com- munication protocols, and reward/utility functions for individual agents within a multi-agent system.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Designing the rules of interaction, com- munication protocols, and reward/utility functions for individual agents within a multi-agent system

Reference 92

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.637303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.726466Z digest=sha256:00d20051bb2c1dffcfa1509048fef7fb97b1104d9e39c4b092115c28f0656954

Observation a21a1b03-6151-4c23-8997-e89952978811 · outbound

This paper cites Implementing systems for establish- ing, communicating, monitoring, and enforcing social norms or rules within an AI agent population.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Implementing systems for establish- ing, communicating, monitoring, and enforcing social norms or rules within an AI agent population

Reference 93

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.622214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.730928Z digest=sha256:9df916c3c8367bf62c145c1cca82612a6533631e23f8b63371adee65fca3210a

Observation c8a6f8aa-4642-4ae1-b1a5-83fbe2dacebf · outbound

This paper cites Establishing standardized ways for agents to exchange information, signal intent, and coordinate actions.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Establishing standardized ways for agents to exchange information, signal intent, and coordinate actions

Reference 94

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.604718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.735359Z digest=sha256:a889e3775eed0281e7aa35ac5e74d176b374a2426b7740b009027d2704ac6456

Observation 0f60556e-98cf-449a-ad22-b3078b03615a · outbound

This paper cites Governments and international bodies establishing laws, standards, and policies governing the development, deployment, and use of AI.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Governments and international bodies establishing laws, standards, and policies governing the development, deployment, and use of AI

Reference 95

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.589930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.740359Z digest=sha256:99cb7b5f6d614814794f7355f2467001da94631fdcba1453f970ef66211874a6

Observation c3ed02ca-6c23-420c-ab9c-fb9993b972d3 · outbound

This paper cites Professional organiza- tions, research institutions, and industry consortia developing and promoting principles for responsible AI.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Professional organiza- tions, research institutions, and industry consortia developing and promoting principles for responsible AI

Reference 96

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.575331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.744788Z digest=sha256:988e329d08b172aa0950ef32250a92eb482d633abe34ddb63dffa261907539f5

Observation 1f3a2255-c9e2-4c71-af75-151daf40becd · outbound

This paper cites Efforts to inform the public about AI, foster critical discussion, and involve diverse stakeholders in shaping AI’s future.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Efforts to inform the public about AI, foster critical discussion, and involve diverse stakeholders in shaping AI’s future

Reference 97

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.560878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.749304Z digest=sha256:cf81e415fa0c6e254486a1abfd75d0ae0796e400645f1c1543d362d40096cd74

Observation 6e1b6198-ad87-4f12-860d-c8be1e6c09ab · outbound

This paper cites Formal processes for evaluating the potential societal impacts of AI systems before and during deployment, and for independently verifying claims about their safety or fairness.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Formal processes for evaluating the potential societal impacts of AI systems before and during deployment, and for independently verifying claims about their safety or fairness

Reference 98

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.544836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.754155Z digest=sha256:65e31f896f9a6a319be06f4a7f43c11c29d80b841c47d7d251bdf4937264f226

Pith citing papers

Observation ae3eb31d-6151-4fda-9b35-fb702528aa8a · inbound

Towards Measurement Theory for Artificial Intelligence cites this paper.

Towards Measurement Theory for Artificial Intelligence Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack)

Reference 33

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T19:27:35.061123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T19:27:34.770229Z digest=sha256:b158f49a8b0779170bf7a030a9a0e8d0037533f9775b0993afd77863edd021b7