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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking with Abnormal Number of Nambu-Goldstone Bosons and Kaon Condensate
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We describe a class of relativistic models incorporating finite density of matter in which spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries leads to a lesser number of Nambu-Goldstone bosons than that required by the Goldstone theorem. This class, in particular, describes the dynamics of the kaon condensate in the color-flavor locked phase of high density QCD. We describe the spectrum of low energy excitations in this dynamics and show that, despite the presence of a condensate and gapless excitations, this system is not a superfluid.
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Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory of type-B Goldstone: near-diagonal geometry and Berry term
A Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory for type-B Goldstones is constructed via near-diagonal geometry and a transgression Berry term, with dissipative spectra for the ferromagnet and an SU(2)×U(1) sigma model.
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